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William Giffard

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
11th- and 12th-century Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor (died 1129)
For those of a similar name, seeWilliam Gifford (disambiguation).

William Giffard
Bishop of Winchester
Victorian-era reconstruction of the coat of arms of William Giffard, from theWinchester Great Hall
Appointed3 August 1100
Term ended23 January 1129
PredecessorWalkelin
SuccessorHenry of Blois
Orders
Consecration11 August 1107
by Anselm of Canterbury
Personal details
Died(1129-01-23)23 January 1129
BuriedWinchester Cathedral
DenominationCatholic
Lord Chancellor
In office
1093–1101
Monarchs
Preceded byRobert Bloet
Succeeded byRoger of Salisbury

William Giffard (d. 1129), was theLord Chancellor ofWilliam II andHenry I, from 1093 to 1101, andBishop of Winchester (1100–1129).

Family and early life

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Giffard was the son ofWalter and Ermengarde, daughter ofGerard Flaitel.[1] Giffard was the brother ofWalter and the brother ofRohese, wife ofRichard fitz Gilbert.[1][2]

He held the office of Dean of Rouen.[3]

Lord Chancellor

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Giffard wasLord Chancellor underWilliam II andHenry I from 1093 to 1101.[4]

Bishop of Winchester

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On 3 August 1100 he becamebishop of Winchester[5] by nomination of Henry I.[2][6] Henry nominated him probably in an attempt to win the support of the clergy in Henry's bid to claim the throne directly after the death ofWilliam Rufus.[7] He was one of the bishops elect whom ArchbishopAnselm of Canterbury refused to consecrate in 1101 as having been nominated and invested by the lay power.[8]

During theinvestitures dispute Giffard was on friendly terms with Anselm and was banished for declining to accept consecration fromGerardArchbishop of York in 1103. He was, however, one of the bishops who pressed Anselm, in 1106, to give way to the king. He was finally consecrated after the settlement of 1107 on 11 August,[5] and became a close friend of Archbishop Anselm.[8] As bishop, William aided the firstCistercians to settle in England, when in 1128 he brought monks fromL'Aumône Abbey in France to settle atWaverley Abbey.[9] He also restoredWinchester Cathedral with great magnificence.[8]

Among Giffard's actions as bishop was the refounding of a religious house atTaunton and the staffing of it withAustin canons. The canons were drawn fromMerton Priory.[10] He was known for the close and good relations that he had with the monks of hiscathedral chapter, sharing their meals and sleeping with them instead of in his own room.[11]

Death

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Giffard died shortly before 25 January 1129, the date he was buried.[12]

References

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  1. ^abKeats-Rohan, Katharine Stephanie Benedicta (1999).Domesday people: a prosopography of persons occurring in English documents, 1066-1166. Woodbridge: the Boydell press. p. 456.ISBN 978-0-85115-722-1.
  2. ^abHollister, C. Warren (1973)."The Strange Death of William Rufus".Speculum.48 (4):637–653.doi:10.2307/2856221.ISSN 0038-7134.JSTOR 2856221.
  3. ^Spear, David S. (1982)."The Norman Empire and the Secular Clergy, 1066-1204".Journal of British Studies.21 (2): 7.doi:10.1086/385787.ISSN 0021-9371.S2CID 153511298.
  4. ^Fryde, E. B., ed. (2003).Handbook of British chronology (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 83.ISBN 978-0-521-56350-5.
  5. ^abFryde, E. B., ed. (2003).Handbook of British chronology (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 276.ISBN 978-0-521-56350-5.
  6. ^Franklin, M. J. (23 September 2004)."Giffard, William (d. 1129), bishop of Winchester".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10655. Retrieved13 February 2024. (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.)
  7. ^Teunis, Henry B. (1978)."The coronation charter of 1100: a postponement of decision. What did not happen in Henry I's reign".Journal of Medieval History.4 (2): 138.doi:10.1016/0304-4181(78)90003-9.ISSN 0304-4181.
  8. ^abcChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911)."Giffard, William" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 4.
  9. ^Burton, Janet (2000).Monastic and religious orders in Britain: 1000 - 1300. Cambridge medieval textbooks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 69.ISBN 978-0-521-37797-3.
  10. ^Burton, Janet (2000).Monastic and religious orders in Britain: 1000 - 1300. Cambridge medieval textbooks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 47.ISBN 978-0-521-37797-3.
  11. ^Bethell, D. L. (1969)."English black monks and episcopal elections in the II20s".The English Historical Review.LXXXIV (CCCXXXIII): 682.doi:10.1093/ehr/LXXXIV.CCCXXXIII.673.ISSN 0013-8266.
  12. ^"WINCHESTER: Bishops | British History Online".www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved13 February 2024.
Political offices
Preceded byLord Chancellor
1093–1101		Succeeded by
Catholic Church titles
Preceded byBishop of Winchester
1100–1129		Succeeded by
William I
(1066–1087)
William II
(1087–1100)
Henry I
(1100–1135)
Early Medieval
634–1006
Arms of the Bishop of Winchester
High Medieval
1006–1304
Late Medieval
1305–1501
Early Modern
1501–1820
Late Modern
1820–current
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