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William Deering

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American businessman and philanthropist (1826-1913)
For the American politician and businessman, seeWilliam H. Deering.

William Deering
Deering in 1899
Born(1826-04-25)April 25, 1826
DiedDecember 9, 1913(1913-12-09) (aged 87)
Burial placeGraceland Cemetery
Occupations
  • Businessman
  • philanthropist
Known forFounding theDeering Harvester Company which later merged with the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. to formInternational Harvester
Spouse(s)Abby Reed Barbour (? - c.1856 death)
Clara Barbour Cummings Hamilton (1857- ?)
ChildrenCharles Deering
James Deering
Abby Marion Deering
Signature

William Deering (April 25, 1826 – December 9, 1913) was an American businessman and philanthropist.He inherited a woolen mill inMaine, but made his fortune in later life with theDeering Harvester Company.

Life

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Early life

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Deering was born April 25, 1826, inSouth Paris,Maine. In 1850, he moved toPlano, Illinois andIowa and invested in the farmland of the area.[1] In 1856 he returned to Portland, Maine, and in the early 1860s he secured a contract producing uniform coats and pants for the Union Army. This was apparently a successful venture, and after the war Deering opened a dry goods business calledDeering, Milliken & Company.[2]

Marriages

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William Deering married Abby Reed Barbour who gave birth toCharles in 1852. Abby died when Charles was only four and Deering went on to marry Clara Barbour Cummings Hamilton in 1857. The couple had two children,James and Abby.[3]

Deering Harvester Company

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Around 1870, Deering left that business and partnered with Elijah Gammon, providing $40,000 in funding for the production of a horse-drawn grain harvester developed by brothers William and Charles Marsh. By 1872 the company showed $80,000 in profits, and in 1873 the name was changed to Gammon & Deering Co. to reflect Deering's management role.[2] By 1879 Deering was the sole owner and the company's name had been changed to Deering Manufacturing Company.[4]

Along with the Marsh harvester, the company pioneered a harvestingreaper incorporating an automatictwine binder invented byJohn Appleby ofBeloit, Wisconsin.[5] Deering Manufacturing Company produced and sold 3,000 of Appleby's twine-tie binder for the 1880 harvest, with profits above $400,000.[2] In 1880, Deering moved the company to Chicago and established the Deering Harvester Works.[4]

Deering was also responsible for building a modern twine factory to supply farmers with sufficient length and quality of twine to work with the binders, a move followed by most competitors.[6] He conducted several experiments and determined that the ideal binder twine would be made of manila, spun to 700 feet per pound.[7]

Reorganization and merger

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The Deering Company and the reorganized Plano Harvester Company, which had moved toPullman, competed aggressively with each other and theMcCormick Harvesting Machine Company, but in 1902, under his son's direction, all three companies merged to form theInternational Harvester Company.[8]

Philanthropy

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William Deering financially supported several institutions of Chicago, theNorthwestern University, theGarrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, and theWesley Hospital among them. He gave Northwestern over $1 million over the years,[5] and served on the university's board for 38 years, including 10 years (1895–1905) as president of the board; he declined an offer to rename the schoolDeering University.[9]

Later years

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Deering's grave at Graceland Cemetery

After Deering retired in 1901 he spent a large part of each year at his winter home inCoconut Grove, Florida. He died on December 9, 1913, in Coconut Grove with his two sons in attendance.[10] He was the father ofCharles Deering (1852–1927) andJames Deering (1859–1925). TheDeering Library at Northwestern is named for the family. An 1899 portrait of him byAnders Zorn hangs in the library.[11] He was buried atGraceland Cemetery in Chicago.

Legacy

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In the late 1890s, Deering scouted territory in Southeast Missouri for timber and purchased 60,000 acres of land in Pemiscot and Dunklin Counties. A lumber town, fifteen miles west ofCaruthersville, is named after him.

References

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  1. ^"Deering, William".Encyclopædia Britannica. RetrievedAugust 12, 2010.
  2. ^abcMoore, Sam."Let's Talk Rusty Iron".Farm Collector. RetrievedJanuary 11, 2014.
  3. ^Hudson, Charlie."Deering Estate".South Dade News Leader. RetrievedMarch 25, 2023.
  4. ^abGravlin, Kristy Lawrie; Anne Sears; Jeanne Valentine; Plano Community Library District (2012).Plano (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing. pp. 51–52.ISBN 978-0738594040. RetrievedDecember 14, 2012.
  5. ^ab"Northwestern Harvest".TIME magazine. February 24, 1936. Archived fromthe original on December 15, 2008. RetrievedJuly 27, 2007.
  6. ^""Shaking Off the Shackles of Manual Toil" – The Story of the Binder". The Furrow (The Friends of Howell Living History Farm). Autumn 2001 – Winter 2002. RetrievedJuly 27, 2007.
  7. ^International Harvester Company (1969).Twist and Twine: The story of cordage. Parents' Magazine Press. pp. 5–6.ISBN 0819303143.
  8. ^"Agricultural Machine Industry".Encyclopedia of Chicago.Chicago Historical Society. RetrievedJuly 27, 2007.
  9. ^Kent Cubbage (Spring 2001)."Charting the Way".Northwestern Magazine. RetrievedJuly 27, 2007.
  10. ^"William Deering, born in Maine, 1826, died in Florida 1913". eBook from the library of the University of Illinois. 1914. RetrievedMarch 17, 2011.
  11. ^"Art in the Eloise W. Martin Reading Room".Northwestern University Library web site. Archived fromthe original on November 8, 2010. RetrievedDecember 27, 2010.

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