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Selected anniversaries / On this day archive

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<<	Selected anniversaries for October	>>
Su	Mo	Tu	We	Th	Fr	Sa
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5	6	7	8	9	10	11
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19	20	21	22	23	24	25
26	27	28	29	30	31
An archive ofhistorical anniversaries that appeared on theMain Page 2025 day arrangement

October 1:National Day in China (1949);Unification Day inCameroon (1961);Independence Day inTuvalu (1978);Defenders Day in Ukraine (2015)

Aerial view of Stanford University

1891 –Stanford University(pictured), founded by railroad magnate and politicianLeland Stanford and his wifeJane inPalo Alto, California, admitted its first students.
1906 –A deputation of Muslim leaders led by theAga Khan III met Indian viceroyLord Minto to secure greater political representation, eventually leading to the founding of theAll-India Muslim League.
1946 –Mensa, the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world, was formed in the United Kingdom.
1991 –Croatian War of Independence:Yugoslav People's Army forces invaded the area surroundingDubrovnik, Croatia, beginninga seven-month siege of the city.
2022 – After losing aleague home match tolocal rivals Persebaya Surabaya, some 3,000Arema supporters invaded thestadium's pitch and met with police resistance, causinga stampede that killed 135.

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October 2:International Day of Non-Violence;Gandhi Jayanti in India

HMSCuracoa

1766 – As part ofwider food riots, citizens in Nottingham, England,looted large quantities of cheese; one man was killed during attempts to restore order.
1879 –Qing China signed theTreaty of Livadia with theRussian Empire, but the terms were so unfavorable that the Chinese government refused to ratify the treaty.
1913 – TheShubert Theatre opened on Broadway with a production ofHamlet.
1971 –Nguyễn Văn Thiệu wasre-elected unopposed as President ofSouth Vietnam.
2006 – A gunmankilled fiveAmish girls before committing suicide in aone-room schoolhouse inNickel Mines, Pennsylvania.

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October 3

Siegfried & Roy with a white lion

1792 – Spanish forces departedValdivia to suppress the indigenousHuilliche uprising in southern Chile.
1953 – Vancouver'sHoly Rosary Cathedral wasdedicated by ArchbishopWilliam Mark Duke, fifty-three years after it first opened.
1963 –Oswaldo López Arellano replaced Honduran presidentRamón Villeda Morales ina violent coup, initiating two decades of military rule.
1992 –Sinéad O'Connortore up a photograph of Pope John Paul II on live television.
2003 – Roy Horn of the American entertainment duoSiegfried & Roy(both pictured) was mauled by a tiger during a performance atthe Mirage on theLas Vegas Strip.

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October 4:Cinnamon Roll Day in Sweden and Finland

Engraving of the Siege of Smolensk

1448 –Skanderbeg andGjergj Arianiti signed a peace treaty to end theAlbanian–Venetian War.
1633 –Smolensk War: Forces from thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth broke the Russiansiege of Smolensk(depicted).
1862 –American Civil War: After anaval battle in Galveston Harbor, Texas,Confederate commanders negotiated the surrender of the city toUnion forces.
1925 –Great Syrian Revolt: Rebels led byFawzi al-Qawuqjicaptured the city ofHama from theFrench Mandate of Syria.
1927 –Gutzon Borglum and approximately 400 workers began sculptingMount Rushmore.

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October 5:World Teachers' Day

Samuel Griffith

1838 – ACherokee bandattacked settlers nearLarissa, Texas, killing or abducting 18 people.
1903 –Samuel Griffith(pictured) became the firstChief Justice of Australia, whileEdmund Barton andRichard O'Connor became the firstPuisne Justices of theHigh Court of Australia.
1962 –Dr. No, the firstJames Bond film, was released.
2000 –Colour revolutions: During protests over irregularities inthe Yugoslavian general election, awheel-loader was driven into theRadio Television of Serbia building, giving the protests the nickname "Bulldozer Revolution".
2014 – Formula One racing driverJules Bianchi sustained fatal head injuries in a crash at theJapanese Grand Prix, dying the following year.

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October 6:German-American Day in the United States,Mid-Autumn Festival (2025) in China, Taiwan, and Korea

An artist's impression of 51 Pegasi b (left) and its star (right)

1762 –Seven Years' War: TheBattle of Manila concluded with a British victory over Spain, leading toa twenty-month occupation.
1777 –American Revolutionary War:Fort Clinton andFort Montgomerywere captured by British forces underSir Henry Clinton, dismantling theHudson River Chains.
1985 – Police constableKeith Blakelock was killed duringrioting in theBroadwater Farm housing estate inTottenham, London.
1995 – AstronomersMichel Mayor andDidier Queloz reported the discovery ofa planet orbiting51 Pegasi(depicted) as the first knownexoplanet around amain-sequence star.
2000 – Denouncing corruption in Argentine presidentFernando de la Rúa's administration and theSenate, Vice PresidentCarlos Álvarez resigned.

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October 7: First day ofSukkot (Judaism, 2025)

Landslide in Mameyes, Puerto Rico

1513 –War of the League of Cambrai: AVenetian army underBartolomeo d'Alviano wasdecisively defeated by the Spanish army commanded byRamón de Cardona andFernando d'Ávalos.
1780 –American Revolutionary War:Patriots andLoyalist militias engaged each other at theBattle of Kings Mountain inSouth Carolina.
1868 – Ōdate, the last castle of theSatake clan in Japan'sTōhoku region, was captured during theBoshin War.
1985 – Duringsevere floods in Puerto Rico, about 130 people died as a result of the deadliest singlelandslide(pictured) on record in North America.
2023 – Themilitary wing of thePalestinian nationalist Islamist political organizationHamasmassacred people attending an open-air music festival in southern Israel.

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October 8

Wreckage from the Harrow and Wealdstone train crash

1862 – In theAmerican Civil War, theBattle of Perryville was fought west ofPerryville, Kentucky.
1952 –Three trains collided(aftermath pictured) atHarrow & Wealdstone station in London, killing 112 people and injuring 340 others.
1969 – Demonstrations organized by theWeather Underground known as theDays of Rage began in Chicago, aimed atending U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
1995 – TheCroatian Army andCroatian Defence Council launchedOperation Southern Move, their last offensive in theBosnian War.
2019 –Anti-government protests calling for free and fair elections began inBaku, Azerbaijan.

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October 9:Leif Erikson Day in the United States and parts of Canada,Independence Day (1962) in Uganda

Massacre of Chinese Indonesians

1708 –Great Northern War: Russia defeated Sweden at theBattle of Lesnaya on the Russian–Polish border, in present-day Belarus.
1740 – European soldiers and Javanese collaborators startedmassacring Chinese Indonesians(depicted) in the port city of Batavia, modern-dayJakarta: at least 10,000 people were killed.
1793 –French Revolution: Aftera month-long siege, the leaders ofLyon surrendered, endingtheir revolt against theNational Convention.
1912 – Following a reduction in pay, textile workers inLittle Falls, New York,walked out of their mill, startinga three-month strike.
1952 – A footmanshot and killed two colleagues and wounded the lady of the house atKnowsley Hall, England.

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October 10

Battle of Karbala

680 –Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson ofMuhammad, was killed at theBattle of Karbala(depicted) by the forces ofYazid I, whom Husayn had refused to recognize ascaliph.
1760 – In a treaty with Dutch colonial authorities, theNdyuka people of Suriname gained territorial autonomy.
1911 – TheXinhai Revolution began with theWuchang Uprising, marking the beginning of the collapse of theQing dynasty and the establishment of theRepublic of China.
1943 –World War II: TheKempeitai, the military police arm of theImperial Japanese Army,arrested and tortured fifty-seven civilians and civilian internees on suspicion of their involvement in a raid on Singapore Harbour.
2004 – Eight-year-oldHuang Na was abducted and murdered; her body was found three weeks later after a search across Singapore and Malaysia.

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October 11:Feast day ofSaint James the Deacon (Anglicanism);National Coming Out Day

BashirShihab II

1797 –French Revolutionary Wars: TheRoyal Navy captured elevenDutch Navy ships without any losses at theBattle of Camperdown.
1840 –BashirShihab II(pictured) surrendered to theOttoman Empire and was removed asEmir of Mount Lebanon after animperial decree by SultanAbdülmecid I.
1942 –World War II: At theBattle of Cape Esperance on the northwest coast ofGuadalcanal,American ships intercepted and defeated aJapanese fleet sent to attackHenderson Field.
1950 – Afield-sequential color system developed byHungarian-American engineerPeter Goldmark became the firstcolor television system to be adopted for commercial use, only for it to be abandoned a year later.

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October 12

Inejirō Asanuma

1406 –Chen Yanxiang, the only person from Indonesia known to have visited dynastic Korea, reachedSeoul after having set out fromJava four months before.
1798 – ThePeasants' War began inOvermere,Southern Netherlands, with peasants taking up arms against the French occupiers.
1917 –First World War: New Zealand troops suffered more than 2,000 casualties, including more than 800 deaths, in theFirst Battle of Passchendaele, making it the nation's largest loss of life in one day.
1960 –Japan Socialist Party leaderInejirō Asanuma(pictured) wasassassinated during a live television recording by afar-right ultra-nationalist using ashort sword.
1979 –Typhoon Tip, the largest and most intensetropical cyclone ever recorded, reached a worldwide record-lowsea-level pressure of 870 mbar (25.69 inHg) in the western Pacific Ocean.

Pope Honorius I (d. 638)
Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth (d. 1758)
Kamini Roy (b. 1864)
Gilbert Parkhouse (b. 1925)

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October 13:Thanksgiving in Canada (2025)

Brigid Kosgei

1710 –Queen Anne's War: French andWabanaki forces surrendered to end theSiege of Port Royal, giving the British permanent possession ofNova Scotia.
1812 –War of 1812: British troops andMohawk warriors repelled an American invasion from across theNiagara River at theBattle of Queenston Heights nearQueenston, Ontario.
1908 – BritishsuffragetteMargaret Travers Symons became the first woman to speak in theHouse of Commons when she escaped from her escort into the chamber and shouted at the assembly.
1994 –The Troubles: In a meeting atFernhill House, Belfast,loyalist leaderGusty Spence announced that theCombined Loyalist Military Command would observe a ceasefire.
2019 – Atthe Chicago Marathon, Kenyan runnerBrigid Kosgei(pictured) setthe current marathon world record for women running in a mixed-sex race.

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October 14:Shemini Atzeret (Judaism, 2025)

Battle of Hastings, as depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry

1066 –Norman Conquest:William the Conqueror's forcesdefeated the English army atHastings and killedHarold Godwinson(depicted), the last crownedAnglo-Saxon king of England.
1805 –War of the Third Coalition: French forces under MarshalMichel Neydefeated Austrian forces inElchingen, present-day Germany.
1913 – The worstmining accident in the United Kingdom's history took place whenan explosion resulted in 440 deaths at theUniversal Colliery inSenghenydd, Wales.
1943 – TheSecond Philippine Republic, a Japanesepuppet state, was established withJose P. Laurel as its first president.
1964 – Members of thePolitburo voted to removeNikita Khrushchev asFirst Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and replace him withLeonid Brezhnev.

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October 15

Coat of arms of Volgograd Oblast

1864 –American Civil War:Confederate forcescapturedGlasgow, Missouri, although it had little long-term benefit asPrice's Missouri Expedition was defeated a week later.
1967 –The Motherland Calls(depicted in coat of arms), a colossal statue inVolgograd, Russia, which commemorates the casualties of theBattle of Stalingrad, was dedicated, becomingthe then-tallest statue in the world.
2007 –New Zealand Policeconducted several anti-terrorism raids in relation to the discovery of an alleged paramilitary training camp in theUrewera mountain ranges, arresting 17 people and seizing four guns and 230 rounds of ammunition.
2011 –Global demonstrations against economic inequality, corporate influence on government, and other issues, were held in more than 950 cities in 82 countries.

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October 16

Jadwiga of Poland

1384 –Jadwiga(pictured) was officially crowned as "King of Poland" instead of "Queen" to reflect the fact that she was asovereign in her own right.
1875 –Brigham Young University was founded inProvo, Utah, United States.
1905 – Authorities of theBritish Rajpartitioned theBengal Presidency, separating the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas.
1950 – The first novel of theThe Chronicles of Narnia series byC. S. Lewis,The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, was published in the United Kingdom.
2017 – The Maltese journalist and anti-corruption activistDaphne Caruana Galizia was killed in acar bomb attack inBidnija.

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Wikimedia template

October 17

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

1660 – A series of executions of thecommissioners who signed the death warrant ofKing Charles I of England concluded; six werehanged, drawn and quartered for treason.
1771 –Ascanio in Alba, an opera composed byWolfgang Amadeus Mozart(pictured) at the age of 15, premiered in Milan.
1860 –The Open Championship, the oldest of the fourmajor championships in men's golf,was first played atPrestwick Golf Club in Scotland.
1992 – Having gone to the wrong house inBaton Rouge, Louisiana, for aHalloween party, Japanese exchange studentYoshihiro Hattori was shot and killed by the homeowner.
2001 –Rehavam Ze'evi, the Israeli minister of tourism,was assassinated in revenge for the killing ofPFLP leaderAbu Ali Mustafa.

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October 18:Alaska Day (1867)

Johannes Brahms

1356 – The most significant earthquake to have occurred in Central Europe in recorded historydestroyedBasel, Switzerland.
1775 –American Revolutionary War: In an act of retaliation against ports that supportedPatriot activities in the early stages of the war, theRoyal Navydestroyed what is nowPortland, Maine.
1887 –Johannes Brahms(pictured) conducted the premiere of hisDouble Concerto, composed for violinistJoseph Joachim and cellistRobert Hausmann.
1963 – The first cat in space, later known asFélicette, launched aboard a FrenchVéronique rocket.
2019 – Protests inSantiago that started 11 days priorescalated into open battle against theChilean national police, forcing PresidentSebastián Piñera to declare a state of emergency.

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October 19

Hurricane Wilma northeast of Honduras

1864 –American Civil War: Despite incurring nearly twice as many casualties as theConfederates, theUnion army emerged victorious at theBattle of Cedar Creek.
1943 –World War II:Allied aircraft sank the German cargo shipSinfra, killing mostlyItalian POWs.
1955 – At a meeting of its general assembly, theEuropean Broadcasting Unionapproved the staging of the firstEurovision Song Contest.
1965 –Vietnam War: TheSiege of Plei Me began with the first major confrontation between soldiers of theNorth Vietnamese Army and the U.S. Army.
2005 –Hurricane Wilma(pictured) became the most intenseAtlantic hurricane on record with a minimumatmospheric pressure of 882 mbar (26.05 inHg).

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October 20

Mahamat Déby

1936 – British womanMabel Freer was refused entry to Australia after failing a dictation test given in Italian, leading to a debate over Australia's immigration policy.
1944 –World War II: Fulfilling a promise he madetwo years previously, GeneralDouglas MacArthurlanded on Leyte to begin therecapture of the Philippines.
1973 –Watergate scandal: Attorney GeneralElliot Richardson and his deputyWilliam Ruckelshausresigned after refusing to obey PresidentRichard Nixon's order to haveArchibald Cox fired.
2022 –Protests broke out across Chad after PresidentMahamat Déby(pictured) declared his intentions to extend his rule by another two years.
2024 –Prabowo Subianto andGibran Rakabuming Raka weresworn in as president and vice president of Indonesia, becoming the oldest and the youngest person to assume respective offices.

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October 21

"Galop infernal" fromOrpheus in the Underworld,
popularly used as can-can music

1345 –Hundred Years' War: The English victory at theBattle of Auberoche marked a change in the military balance of power inAquitaine, with the subsequent collapse of the French position.
1858 – French composerJacques Offenbach'soperettaOrpheus in the Underworld, featuring the music most associated with thecan-can(audio featured), was first performed at theThéâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens in Paris.
1910 –HMSNiobe arrived inHalifax Harbour to become the first large ship of theRoyal Canadian Navy.
1959 – TheSolomon R. Guggenheim Museum, designed by American architectFrank Lloyd Wright, opened in New York City.
1994 – North Korea and the United States signed theAgreed Framework to limitthe former's nuclear weapons program and to normalize relations between the two countries.

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October 22

Scilly naval disaster

1707 – In one of the worstmaritime disasters in the history of the British Isles, at least 1,400 sailors on fourRoyal Navy shipswere lost in stormy weather(pictured) off theIsles of Scilly.
1940 – After evadingVichy French andFrancoist Spanish authorities, Belgian prime ministerHubert Pierlot arrived in London, marking the beginning of theBelgian government in exile.
1945 – Workers at theCigar Factory inCharleston, South Carolina, begana labor strike against theAmerican Tobacco Company that lasted more than five months.
1964 – The first volume ofIan Fleming's children's novelChitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang was published posthumously.
2005 –Bellview Airlines Flight 210 crashed inOgun State, Nigeria, killing all 117 people on board.

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October 23:Mole Day

Jeannette Piccard

1641 – Irish Catholic gentry inUlster tried toseize control ofDublin Castle, the seat of English rule in Ireland, to force concessions to Catholics.
1934 –Jeannette Piccard(pictured) piloted a hot-air balloon flight that reached 57,579 feet (17,550 m), becoming the first woman to fly in thestratosphere.
1957 – A screening ofMother India, one of the most influential Indian films in history, was held for PresidentRajendra Prasad and Prime MinisterJawaharlal Nehru two days before its release.
1995 – The runway show forAlexander McQueen's collectionThe Hunger was staged at London'sNatural History Museum.
2018 –An escalator accident in Rome left 24 people injured, mostly fans of theCSKA Moscow football team who were in town for a UEFA Champions League match againstRoma.

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October 24

Dracula by Bram Stoker

1885 – The Russian shipDmitry ran aground in Whitby, an incident that inspired the arrival ofCount Dracula to England inBram Stoker's1897 novel(cover pictured).
1929 – On "Black Thursday", theNew York Stock Exchange lost 11 percent of its value at the opening bell on very heavy trading, marking the beginning of theGreat Depression.
1930 – ThePacification Junta deposed Brazillian presidentWashington Luís, ending theBrazilian Revolution of 1930.
2004 – English football clubManchester United defeatedrivals Arsenal 2–0 in theBattle of the Buffet, endingthe latter's record-breaking unbeaten run.
2015 –Lam Wing-kee, the owner ofCauseway Bay Books in Hong Kong, known for publishingpolitical books banned in mainland China, wasabducted by Chinese authorities.

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October 25

Siege of Lisbon byRaquel Gameiro

1147 –Reconquista: Forces underAfonso I of Portugal captured Lisbon from theMoors aftera four-month siege(depicted) in one of the few Christian victories during theSecond Crusade.
1920 – Irish playwright and politicianTerence MacSwiney died after a hunger strike inBrixton Prison, bringing theIrish struggle for independence to international attention.
1924 – TheDaily Mail published theZinoviev letter, a hoax purported to be a directive from Moscow to increasecommunist agitation.
1944 –USS Tang, theU.S. Navy submarine credited with sinking more ships than any other American submarine, sank when it was struck by its owntorpedo.
2010 –Mount Merapi inCentral Java, Indonesia, beganan increasingly violent series of eruptions that lasted over a month.

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October 26

Laurent Gbagbo

1597 –Imjin War: Thirteen Korean ships commanded by AdmiralYi Sun-sin defeated a far larger Japanese invading fleet at theBattle of Myeongnyang in theMyeongnyang Strait.
1813 –War of 1812: British forces andMohawk allies underCharles de Salaberryrepulsed an American attempt to invade Canada.
1902 – A group of Russian explorers led byBaron von Toll left their camp onBennett Island anddisappeared without a trace.
1905 – TheSaint Petersburg Soviet held its first meeting, becoming the firstelected body in Russia to represent workers.
2000 – Following protests against military leaderRobert Guéï,Laurent Gbagbo(pictured) became thepresident of Ivory Coast.

Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet (d. 1671)
C. W. Post (b. 1854)
Rahmah el Yunusiyah (b. 1900)
Nikolay Alyokhin (b. 1954)

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October 27

Christ Mocked

1674 –Franco-Dutch War: French forces surrender the fortress town ofGrave to the Dutch army after athree month siege.
1726 –J. S. Bach led the first performance ofIch will den Kreuzstab gerne tragen, BWV 56, one of few works he called a cantata.
1964 – ActorRonald Reagan delivered aspeech on behalf of Republican presidential candidateBarry Goldwater, launching his own political career which culminated in him serving two full terms as U.S. president.
2004 – TheBoston Red Sox completed a sweep of theSt. Louis Cardinals to win the2004 World Series, breaking the so-called "Curse of the Bambino".
2019 –The Mocking of Christ(pictured) byCimabue sold at auction in France for €19.5 million, a record for a pre-1500 artwork.

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October 28

Tutankhamun's mask

1640 –Treaty of Ripon is agreed, ending theSecond Bishops' War and forcingCharles I to summon theLong Parliament, ultimately leading to theFirst English Civil War.
1891 – TheMino–Owari earthquake, the strongest known inland earthquake in Japan's history, caused widespread damage and 7,273 deaths.
1925 – Thefunerary mask of Tutankhamun, possibly originally made for QueenNeferneferuaten, was uncovered for the first time in approximately 3,250 years.
1965 – InSt. Louis, Missouri, U.S., the 630-foot (190 m)-tall steelcatenaryGateway Arch was completed.
1995 –A fire broke out on aBaku Metro train in Azerbaijan's capital, killing 289 people and injuring 270 others in the world's deadliest subway disaster.

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October 29:Double Ninth Festival in China (2025);Republic Day in Turkey

Kalākaua dime

1883 – TheSan Francisco Mint signed a contract to produce theKalākaua coinage(one dime coin pictured) for theKingdom of Hawaii.
1948 –Arab–Israeli War: TheIsrael Defense Forcesmassacred at least 52 villagers while capturing thePalestinian Arab village ofSafsaf.
1955 – An explosion, likely caused by a World War II–eranaval mine, capsized the Soviet shipNovorossiysk in the harbor ofSevastopol, with the loss of 608 men.
1999 – About 10,000 people died whena tropical cyclone made landfall in the Indian state ofOdisha near the city ofBhubaneswar.
2012 –Hurricane Sandy, the largestAtlantic hurricane on record, made landfall inNew Jersey and caused nearly $75 billion in damages, becoming the second-most destructive storm in U.S. history.