Disclaimer / Warning

This isThe Wikipedia CiteWatch, abot-compiled listing of potentiallycargo cult,conspiracist,denialist,fake,junk,not even wrong,obsolete,predatory,pseudoscientific,quack, or otherwiseunreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the|journal= and|doi= parameters ofcitation templates (seethisSignpost article for details). It is based onseveral lists ofunreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled byJeffrey Beall, theUniversity Grants Commission,Quackwatch, orWikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of20 October 2025. SeeQ9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is astarting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, butit does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still bereliable (or beotherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances.The CiteWatch cannot determine thefull context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (seeQ8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at thereliable sources noticeboard – especially before amass purge of a source. TheUnreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed atWT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled atWP:JCW/EXCLUDE.