 | Thisguideline documents an English Wikipedianaming convention. Editors should generally follow it, thoughexceptions may apply.Substantive edits to this page should reflectconsensus. When in doubt, discuss first onthis guideline's talk page. |
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This guideline describes the conventions for the naming of articles on fauna, that is,animals.
Its advice also applies toprotists, when appropriate, though instructions provided byWP:Naming conventions (flora) are sometimes more applicable, especially when the article uses the scientific name.
Article titles are determined by the application offive criteria. The article title should usually consist of the name that ismost common in English, followingWP:Article titles § Common names. For well known animals, this will normally be thevernacular name (exceptions are detailed below):
Use thesingular form, including for groups or types of animals, followingWP:Naming conventions (plurals):Beetle notBeetles (the latter redirects to the former).(See§ Capitalisation and italicisation below for upper/lower case guidelines).
Do not use vernacular names when it is not clear to what the name refers (seeWP:Article titles § Precision). The namesardine is used for many different species of small, oily fishes; the appropriate things to do are to write an article describing the attributes the species have in common under that name, and create separate articles for eachgenus. However, when there is a clear core meaning for the common name, with other meanings by analogy, then it is okay to use the common name for the "true" group:
When what is the most common name in English, or the veracity of that most common name, is so disputed in reliable sources that it cannot beneutrally ascertained, prefer the common name most used (orthography aside) by international zoological nomenclature authorities over regional ones. When there is no common name or noconsensus can be reached on the most common name, or if it isn't clear what taxon the common name refers to (as in the sardine example above), use thescientific name:
Amonotypictaxon is a taxonomic group which only contains a single subgroup (e.g., a genus with only one known species, even a subphylum with one family with one genus). In such a case, the ranks with identical member organisms should not be separated into different articles, and the article (if there is no common name) should go under the scientific name of lowest rank, but no lower than the monotypic genus. Redirects should be created from the other ranks to the actual article. (SeeTemplate:Speciesbox#Monospecific genera for the taxobox for monotypic genera at the genus name.)
The exception is when a monotypic genus name needs to be disambiguated. The article should then be at the species, since this is a more natural form of disambiguation.
The article title and content should match on the organism/group name. Redirects should be made to the article from other names for it (and spelling, capitalisation, etc., variants), as well as from any lower taxa or other subtopics that do not have their own articles.
Make redirects from alternative common names:
Make redirects from scientific names when they are not the article title:
There may be several scientific names that need to be redirected:
Make redirects from alternative capitalisations (many guidebooks and specialist literature in various zoological fields tend to capitalise, so we should account for both usages):
Make redirects from singular and plural English forms of scientific names:
Capitalisation of article titles follows general Manual of Style guidance on the use of capital letters.
Articles whose titles are the common (vernacular) names of animals are titled insentence case—for example,Przewalski's horse,Black bear. Where a vernacular name contains a proper name, that is also capitalised—for example,Small Indian civet. Common names are never italicised.
It is appropriate to createredirects to species (or subspecies) articles from any alternative capitalisation. For example, given an articleBald eagle, create a redirect to it fromBald Eagle. Many field guides capitalise, and most other sorts of writing do not, so we should account for both styles. There may be some rare instances where lower case and capitalised versions have different meanings; suitable links or disambiguation should then be used.
In article titles, the common name of agroup of species, or an individual creature of indeterminate species, isnot capitalised beyond the first word (except where a proper name occurs):Bottlenose dolphin,New World monkey,Rove beetle,Slime mold.
The Manual of Style, atMOS:LIFE,[a] calls for capitalisation ofstandardized breeds andcultivars (not breed groups/types,landraces,crossbreeds,hybrids, colour variants of breeds, etc.). When appended to the name of a standardised breed or cultivar asnatural disambiguation, the species name is not capitalised:Siamese cat,Hass avocado. In rare cases of strong ambiguity, the species name is capitalised if it is a formal part of the breed name:American Quarter Horse.
The first part of abinomial species name, the genus, is capitalised. The second part, the species, is never capitalised (even when derived from a proper name):Ninox novaeseelandiae versusNinox Novaeseelandiae. The same applies to the third part of atrinomial name, as inCanis lupus arctos.
Because scientific names at the level of genus or below are always italicised, perWP:Manual of Style/Text formatting § Italic face, when the article title is agenus or lower-ranked taxonomic name (e.g.species orsubspecies), the page title should also be italicised.
There are three ways to accomplish this:
{{Automatic taxobox}} or{{Speciesbox}}, in most cases will automatically italicise the page title if it matches the taxon name and the taxon is genus-level or lower.{{Italic title}} added to a page will render its title in italic, except any word in parentheses, e.g.:{{DISPLAYTITLE}} can be used for titles that require manual formatting, e.g.{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Ninox'' cf. ''novaeseelandiae''}}This naming conventions guideline does not address prose usage.
If the scientific name of an animal has recently been changed (e.g. a species has been transferred into a different genus), and there is no reason to believe that the name change is contentious, use the new name regardless of usage in older reliable sources. It is not appropriate for us to retain archaic terminology while we wait for usage in older reliable sources to be swamped by usage in newer sources.