Saadia (Sa'id) b. David al-Adeni (JE |WPGWPG) A man of culture living at Damascus and Safed between 1473 and 1485. He was the author of a commentary on some parts of Maimonides'...
Saadia b. Joseph (Sa'id al-Fayyumi) (JE |WPGWPG) Gaon of Sura and the founder of scientific activity in Judaism; born in Dilaz, Upper Egypt, 892; died at Sura 942. The...
Saadia ben Nahmani (JE |WPGWPG) Liturgical poet and perhaps also Biblical commentator; lived in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. He was the author of a...
Joseph Lewin Saalschütz (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi and archeologist; born March 15, 1801, at Königsberg, East Prussia; died there Aug. 23, 1863. Having received...
Louis Saalschütz (JE |WPGWPG) German mathematician; born at Königsberg, Prussia, Dec. 1, 1835; son of Joseph Levin Saalschütz. From 1854 to 1860...
Saba (JE |WPGWPG) A word derived from the root , "to be white, old"; used in the Talmud with various meanings:(a) It designates an old man or...
Sabbath-schools (JE |WPGWPG) Among the Jews the Sabbath-school or congregational religious school is a product of the nineteenth century. True, in past...
Sabbath and Sunday (JE |WPGWPG) A brief consideration is desirable as to why and when the keeping of the seventh day as the Sabbath ceased among Christian...
Sabbatical Year andJubilee (JE |WPGWPG) the septennate or seventh year, during which the land is to lie fallow, and the celebration of the fiftieth year after seven...
Sabbionetta (JE |WPGWPG) from 1551 to 1559 the printer Tobias ben Eliezer Foa produced several Hebrew works beginning with Joseph Shaliṭ'...
Sabeans (JE |WPGWPG) the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Sheba in southeastern Arabia, known from the Bible, classical writers, and native...
SabinusDAB (JE |WPGWPG) Roman procurator; treasurer of Augustus. After Varus had returned to Antioch, between Easter and Pentecost of the year 4 B...
Sabora (JE |WPGWPG) Title applied to the principals and scholars of the Babylonian academies in the period immediately following that of the Amoraim...
Hirsch Leib Sabsovich (JE |WPGWPG) Mayor of Woodbine, N. J.; born at Berdyansk, Russia, Feb. 25, 1860. After his graduation from the classical gymnasium of his...
Donato SacerdoteJE (JE |WPGWPG) Italian poet; born at Fossano 1820; died there Nov. 27, 1883. Passionately devoted to the classics, Donato from his early...
Bernhard Sachs (JE |WPGWPG) American physician; born at Baltimore Jan. 2, 1858; educated at Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., and at the universities...
Julius Sachs (JE |WPGWPG) American educator; born at Baltimore July 6, 1849; educated at Columbia University and Rostock (Ph.D. 1867). He founded the...
Michael Jehiel Sachs (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born at Glogau Sept. 3, 1808; died in Berlin Jan. 31, 1864. He was educated in the University of Berlin, taking...
Senior SachsJE (JE |WPGWPG) Russo-French Hebrew scholar; born at Kaidany, government of Kovno, June 17, 1816; died at Paris Nov. 18, 1892. When Senior...
Wilhelm Sachs (JE |WPGWPG) German dental surgeon; born at Wesenberg, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Sept. 22, 1849. He received his education at the University...
Sackcloth (JE |WPGWPG) Term originally denoting a coarsely woven fabric, usually made of goat's hair. It afterward came to mean also a garment...
Abraham ben Joseph Sackheim (JE |WPGWPG) Lithuanian scholar and Talmudist; died at Wilna June 26, 1872. He was well versed in rabbinics, as may be seen from his "Yad...
Tobiah b. Aryeh Löb Sackheim (JE |WPGWPG) Russian Talmudist and communal worker; died in Rosinoi, government of Grodno, at an advanced age, Jan. 28, 1822. He was a...
Sacrifice (JE |WPGWPG) the act of offering to a deity for the purpose of doing homage, winning favor, or securing pardon; that which is offered or...
Sacrilege (JE |WPGWPG) the act of profaning or violating sacred things. The prohibition of sacrilege was primarily in connection with the sanctuary...
Sa'd al-DaulahJE (JE |WPGWPG) Jewish physician and statesman; grand vizier from 1289 to 1291 under the Mongolian ruler in Persia, Argun Khan; assassinated...
Shadakah ben abu al-Faraj Munajja (JE |WPGWPG) Samaritan physician and philosopher; died near Damascus 1223. He was the court physician of al-Malik al-'Adil, the Ayyubid...
Sadducees (JE |WPGWPG) Name given to the party representing views and practises of the Law and interests of Temple and priesthood directly opposite...
Safed (JE |WPGWPG) City of Upper Galilee (it has no connection with the Zephath of Judges i. 17). Its foundation dates from the second century...
Sagerin (JE |WPGWPG) Leader of the women in public prayer. The separation of the sexes at Jewish worship was insisted on even in the days of the...
Sahagun (Sant Fagund) (JE |WPGWPG) City in the old Spanish kingdom of Leon. On March 5, 1152, King Alfonso VII. granted to the thirty Jewish families living...
Sahl (JE |WPGWPG) Physician, astrologer, and mathematician of the ninth century (c. 786-845 ?); father of the physician Ali ben Sahl. Sahl translated...
Isaac ben Solomon ibn abi Sahulah (JE |WPGWPG) Spanish scholar and Hebrew poet of the thirteenth century; born, as some believe, at Guadalajara in 1244. Geiger, in "Melo...
Sa'id ben Hasan of Alexandria (JE |WPGWPG) Jewish convert to Islam; lived in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. He was the author of an apologetic work entitled...
Saint Gall (St Gallen) (JE |WPGWPG) Chief town of the canton of the same name in the northeast of Switzerland. The first information concerning its Jewish inhabitants...
Saint-Gilles (JE |WPGWPG) Town of France, in the department of Gard, about eleven miles south-southeast of Nîmes. It was an important commercial...
Saint John's bread (JE |WPGWPG) Fruit of the carobtree. It is not mentioned in the Masoretic text of the Old Testament, though Cheyne assumes that in three...
Saint Petersburg (JE |WPGWPG) Capital city of Russia. Antonio Sanchez, a Spanish Jew and member of the Academy of Sciences, lived in St. Petersburg in the...
Saint-Symphorien d'Ozon (JE |WPGWPG) Town in the ancient province of Dauphiné, France. In the fourteenth century it had a large and wealthy Jewish community...
Aladár Sajó [hu;he] (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian author; born at Waitzen Sept. 8, 1869; educated for the law at Budapest, where he devoted himself at the same time...
Annette A Salaman (JE |WPGWPG) English authoress; died April 10, 1879; youngest daughter of S. K. Salaman, and sister of the musician of that name. In her...
Charles Kensington Salaman (JE |WPGWPG) English pianist, composer, and controversialist; born in London March 3, 1814; died there June 23, 1901. His musical talent...
Charles Malcolm Salaman (JE |WPGWPG) English journalist and dramatist; born in London Sept. 6, 1855; son of Charles Kensington Salaman, the composer. He is the...
Salamanca (JE |WPGWPG) Spanish city; capital of the province of the same name; famous for its university. The Jews of Salamanca rendered valuable...
Salamander (JE |WPGWPG) According to the Talmud, a species of toad which lives on land but enters the water at the breeding season (Ḥul. 127a...
Nahum Salamon (JE |WPGWPG) English inventor; born in London 1828; died there Nov. 23, 1900. He may be regarded as practically the founder of the British...
Samuel SalantJE (JE |WPGWPG) Chief rabbi of the Ashkenazic congregations in Jerusalem; born Jan. 2, 1816, at Byelostok, Russia. Samuel married the daughter...
Salem (JE |WPGWPG) Name of a place, first mentioned in connection with Abraham's return from the battle with Chedorlaomer, when Melchizedek...
Asher ben Immanuel Salem (JE |WPGWPG) Turkish scholar of the eighteenth century. He was the author of "Maṭṭeh Asher" (Salonica, 1748), containing responsa...
Salem Shaloam DavidJE (JE |WPGWPG) Chinese convert to Judaism; born at Hankow, China, of Chinese parents in 1853, and named Feba. Feba remained with his parents...
Siegmund SalfeldJE (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born at Stadthagen, Schaumburg-Lippe, March 24, 1843. Having received his degree of Ph.D. from the University...
Jakob Salgó (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian psychiatrist; born at Pesth in 1849; educated at Pesth, at Vienna (M. D., Vienna, 1874), and at Göttingen,...
Saliva (JE |WPGWPG) Spittle. To spit in a person's face was regarded as an expression of the utmost contempt for him (Num. xii. 14; Deut....
Solomon ben Baruch Salkind (JE |WPGWPG) Lithuanian Hebrew poet; teacher in the rabbinical seminary, Wilna; died there March 14, 1868. He was the author of: "Shirim...
Isaac Edward Salkinson (JE |WPGWPG) Russian Hebraist; convert to Christianity; born at Wilna; died at Vienna June 5, 1883. According to some, Salkinson was the...
Geskel Saloman (JE |WPGWPG) Painter; born of German parents April 1, 1821, at Tondern, Sleswick; died July 5, 1902, at Stockholm. Soon after his birth...
Nota S Saloman (JE |WPGWPG) Danish physician; born at Tondern, Sleswick-Holstein, March 21, 1823; died at Copenhagen March 20, 1885. Educated at the University...
Siegfried Saloman (JE |WPGWPG) Danish violinist and composer; born in Tondern, Sleswick-Holstein, Oct. 2, 1816; died July 22, 1899, on the island of Dalarö...
Salomon (JE |WPGWPG) American family tracing its descent back to Haym Salomon, "the financier of the American Revolution." the family tree is as...
Gotthold Salomon (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born Nov. 1, 1784, at Sondersleben, Anhalt; died Nov. 17, 1862, in Hamburg. His first teacher in Bible and Talmud...
Haym Salomon (JE |WPGWPG) American financier; born at Lissa, Poland, in 1740; died in Philadelphia Jan. 6, 1785. It is probable that he left his native...
Max Salomon (JE |WPGWPG) German physician; born at Sleswick, Sleswick-Holstein, April 5, 1837; son of Jacob Salomon; educated at the gymnasium of his...
William Salomon (JE |WPGWPG) American financier; born at Mobile, Ala., Oct. 9, 1852; great-grandson of Haym Salomon. His parents removed to Philadelphia...
Salomons (JE |WPGWPG) English family descended from Solomon Salomons, a London merchant on the Royal Exchange in the eighteenth century. The following...
SirJulian Emanuel Salomons (JE |WPGWPG) Australian statesman; born in Birmingham 1834. He was called to the bar in Jan., 1861. Having emigrated to New South Wales...
Carl Julius Salomonsen (JE |WPGWPG) Danish bacteriologist; born at Copenhagen Dec. 6, 1847; son of Martin S. Salomonsen. He studied medicine at Copenhagen (M...
Martin Salomonsen (JE |WPGWPG) Danish physician; born in Copenhagen March 9, 1814; died there Dec. 21, 1889; father of Carl Julius Salomonsen. He graduated...
Salonica (JE |WPGWPG) Seaport city in Rumelia, European Turkey; chief town of an extensive vilayet of the same name which includes the sanjaks of...
Salt (JE |WPGWPG) A condiment for food. From earliest times salt was indispensable to the Israelites for flavoring food. Having a copious supply...
Francis Salvador (JE |WPGWPG) Prominent patriot in the American Revolution; a member of the Salvador family of London, the name of which was originally...
Joseph Salvador (JE |WPGWPG) French historian; born at Montpellier Jan. 5, 1796; died March 17, 1873, at Versailles; buried, at his own request, in the...
Joseph Salvador (JE |WPGWPG) English philanthropist; flourished about 1753. He came of a distinguished family that emigrated from Holland in the eighteenth...
Salvation (JE |WPGWPG) the usual rendering in the English versions for the Hebrew words , , derivatives of the stem , which in the verb occurs only...
Salzburg (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian duchy (formerly a German archbishopric), and its capital of the same name. Jews, among them a physician, are mentioned...
Sama b. Rabba (JE |WPGWPG) Babylonian amora; last head of the Pumbedita Academy. He was the successor of Rachumai II., and officiated for about...
Sama b. RaktaJE (JE |WPGWPG) Babylonian amora of the sixth generation. He was a contemporary of Rabina I., with whom he disputed concerning a halakah (Ḳ...
Samael (JE |WPGWPG) Prince of the demons, and an important figure both in Talmudic and in post-Talmudic literature, where he appears as accuser...
Samara (JE |WPGWPG) Babylonian river near which tradition has located Ezra's tomb. Many legends cluster round this sacred spot; and in former...
Samarcand (JE |WPGWPG) Town in Central Asia; chief town of the Zerafshan district of the Russian dominions. According to tradition, Samarcand was...
Samaria (JE |WPGWPG) City of Palestine; capital of the kingdom of Israel. It was built by Omri, in the seventh year of his reign, on the mountain...
Samaritans (JE |WPGWPG) Properly, inhabitants of Samaria. The name is now restricted to a small tribe of people living in Nablus (Shechem) and calling...
Joseph ben Isaac Sambari (Cattawi?) (JE |WPGWPG) Egyptian chronicler of the seventeenth century; lived probably at Alexandria between 1640 and 1703. of lowly origin and in...
Sambation,Sanbation,Sabbation (sambatyon) (JE |WPGWPG) in rabbinical literature the river across which the ten tribes were transported by Shalmaneser, King of Assyria, and about...
Joseph ben Benjamin Samegah (Samigah) (JE |WPGWPG) Turkish Talmudist and cabalist of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; born at Salonica; died June 6, 1629, at Venice...
Samek (JE |WPGWPG) the fifteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Its name may be connected with "samek" ="prop," "support." On the original shape...
Julius Samelsohn (JE |WPGWPG) German ophthalmologist; born at Marienburg, West Prussia, April 14, 1841; died at Cologne March 7, 1899. Educated at the universities...
M Samfield (JE |WPGWPG) American rabbi; born at Markstift, Bavaria, 1846. He received his education from his father, at the Talmudical school of Rabbi...
A G Samiler (Eliakim Götzel Samiler) (Smieler]]) (JE |WPGWPG) Russian Talmudist and a member of a prominent rabbinical family; born in Smiela about 1780; died at Brody July 17, 1854. He...
Asher Sammter (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born at Derenburg, near Halberstadt, Jan. 1, 1807; died at Berlin Feb. 5, 1887. From 1837 to 1854 he was rabbi...
David Samoscz (JE |WPGWPG) German author of Hebrew books for the young; born at Kempen, province of Posen, Dec. 29, 1789; died at Breslau April 29, 1864...
SamsonJE>>Samson in rabbinic literatureJE (JE |WPGWPG) One of the judges of Israel, whose life and acts are recorded in Judges xiii.-xvi. At a period when Israel was under the oppression...
Samson ben Abraham of SensJE (JE |WPGWPG) French tosafist; born about 1150; died at Acre about 1230. His birthplace was probably Falaise, Calvados, where lived his...
Samson ben Eliezer (JE |WPGWPG) German "sofer" (scribe) of the fourteenth century; generally called bar uk she-Amar, from the initial words of the blessing...
Samson ben Isaac of ChinonJE (JE |WPGWPG) French Talmudist; lived at Chinon between 1260 and 1330. In Talmudic literature he is generally called after his native place...
Samson ben Joseph of Falaise (JE |WPGWPG) Tosafist of the twelfth century; grandfather of the tosafists Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre and Samson of Sens. Jacob Tam...
Samson ben Samson (JE |WPGWPG) French tosafist; flourished at the end of the twelfth and in the first half of the thirteenth century. Many of his explanations...
Samuda (JE |WPGWPG) Old Spanish, and Portuguese family, identified for some generations with the communal affairs of the London Jewry. The first...
Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) Samuel was the son of Elkanah and Hannah, of Ramathaim-zophim, in the hill-country of Ephraim (I Sam. i. 1). He was born while...
Books of Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) Two books in the second great division of the canon, the "Nebi'im," or Prophets, and, more specifically, in the former...
Midrash to Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) Midrash Shemu'el, a haggadic midrash on the books of Samuel, is quoted for the first time by Rashi in his commentary on...
Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) Tax-gatherer and treasurer to King Ferdinand IV. of Castile (1295-1312); born in Andalusia. He was hated by the queen mother...
Samuel (Sanwel) ben Aaron Benjamin (JE |WPGWPG) Scribe at Worms in the seventeenth century. After the fire of 1689 (Lewysohn, "Nafshot Zaddikim," p. 73, Frankfort-on-the-Main...
Samuel ben AbbaJE (JE |WPGWPG) Palestinian amora of the latter half of the third century. Although a pupil of Johanan, he did not receive ordination (Yer...
Samuel ben Abbahu (JE |WPGWPG) Babylonian amora of the fourth century. He engaged in a ritual controversy with R. Achai in regard to the use of the...
Samuel ben Abigdor (JE |WPGWPG) Russian rabbi; born about 1720; died 1793 at Wilna, where his father, who had been rabbi in Pruzhani, Rushany, and Wilkowyszky...
Samuel ibn Abun b. Yahya (JE |WPGWPG) Arabo-Jewish poet of the eleventh century; great-grandfather of Samuel ibn Nazar and a contemporary of Moses ibn Ezra. A poem...
Samuel ibn 'AdiyaJE (JE |WPGWPG) Poet and warrior; lived in Arabia in the first half of the sixth century. His mother was of the royal tribe of Ghassan, while...
Samuel ben Alexander of Halberstadt (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi and scientist; perhaps a resident of Frankfort-on-the-Oder; died July 6, 1707. He was the author of "Peri Megadim...
Samuel ben Ammi (JE |WPGWPG) Palestinian amora of the beginning of the fourth century. He is known through his controversies with other scholars. He contended...
Samuel bar Asher (JE |WPGWPG) Martyr; lived at Neuss, Rhenish Prussia, in the eleventh century. According to Salomon ben Simeon, he, with his two sons,...
BaronDenis de Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) English financier; born 1782; died in London 1860. He came of a Polish family, and counted among his ancestors several eminent...
Samuel (Sanwel) ben Enoch (JE |WPGWPG) Polish rabbi; flourished in the seventeenth century; born at Lublin. He officiated as dayyan at Jassy and later at Mayence...
Samuel of Escaleta (JE |WPGWPG) French Talmudist, poet, and philanthropist of the fourteenth century. Jacob of Provence considers him one of the first poets...
Samuel of EvreuxJE (JE |WPGWPG) French tosafist of the thirteenth century. He is identified by Gross with Samuel ben Shneor (not ben Yom-Tob, as given...
Haeem Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) Indian communal worker; born at Alibag, near Bombay, in 1830; educated at the Robert Money School in Bombay. Samuel entered...
Harry Simon Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) English politician; born Aug. 31, 1853; son of Horatio S. Samuel by his marriage with Henrietta Montefiore. He was educated...
Samuel ibn Hayyim (JE |WPGWPG) Medieval liturgical poet; the time and place of his birth are unknown. He composed eighty-two liturgical poems, of which the...
Samuel Hayyim of Salonica (JE |WPGWPG) Maternal grandson of Samuel of Modena; lived in Salonica during the sixteenth century. He wrote "Bene Shemu'el," a collection...
Herbert Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) English politician; born in London 1870; youngest son of Edwin L. Samuel, and nephew of Sir Samuel Montagu. He was educated...
Samuel b. Hiyya (JE |WPGWPG) Palestinian amora of the second half of the third century of the common era. None of his halakic or haggadic maxims has been...
Samuel ben HofniJE (JE |WPGWPG) Last gaon of Sura; died in 1034. His father was a Talmudic scholar and chief judge ("ab bet din," probably of Fez), one of...
Isaac Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) English Chazzan; born in London March 9, 1833. He was appointed minister of the Bristol congregation in 1860, and became...
Samuel ben Isaac ha-SardiJE (JE |WPGWPG) Spanish rabbi; flourished in the first half of the thirteenth century. In his youth he attended the school of Rabbi Nathan...
Samuel ben Isaac of Uceda (JE |WPGWPG) Talmudist of Safed in the sixteenth century; descendant of a family of Uceda, which, when banished from Spain, settled at...
Samuel ben Jacob of Capua (JE |WPGWPG) Italian translator; lived, probably at Capua, at the end of the thirteenth century, if Steinschneider's supposition that...
Samuel ben Jacob ibn Jam'JE (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbi of a North-African community (); flourished in the twelfth century. He was on intimate terms with Abraham ibn Ezra,...
Samuel ben Jacob of Troyes (JE |WPGWPG) French Talmudist of the first half of the thirteenth century, a descendant of Rashi. In his youth he addressed a circular...
Samuel ben Jehiel (JE |WPGWPG) Martyr of Cologne in the First Crusade, June 25, 1096. When the Crusaders hunted the Jews of Cologne out of the villages where...
Samuel ben Jonah (JE |WPGWPG) Palestinian amora of the fourth century. He is perhaps identical with Samuel ben Inijah or Inia (). Samuel ben Jonah once...
Samuel ben Jose ben Bun (Abun) (JE |WPGWPG) Palestinian amora of the fourth century, in whose time the Jerusalem Talmud is said to have been arranged and completed by...
Samuel ben Joseph Joske (JE |WPGWPG) Polish Talmudist of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; born at Lublin. He was the first known rabbi of Jung-Bunzlau...
Samuel ben Joseph of Verdun (JE |WPGWPG) French tosafist of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was a disciple of Isaac ben Samuel the Elder of Dampierre, with...
Samuel ben Judah (JE |WPGWPG) Scholar and head of the Jewish community at Lemberg. He suffered martyrdom in a terrible form outside the city on the 8th...
Samuel ben Judah (JE |WPGWPG) French physician and translator; born at Marseilles 1294. He devoted himself early in life to the study of science, especially...
Samuel ben Kalonymus ha-Hazzan (JE |WPGWPG) Leader of the congregation at Erfurt in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He is sometimes, but erroneously, referred to...
Samuel ha-Katon (JE |WPGWPG) Tanna of the second generation; lived in the early part of the second century of the common era. His surname "ha-Kaṭ...
Samuel ha-Kohen (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbi of the sixteenth century. He was the author of the following works: "Derek Ḥayyim" (Constantinople, n.d.), on...
Samuel ha-Kohen Di Pisa (JE |WPGWPG) Portuguese scholar of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He wrote a commentary on the difficult passages in Ecclesiastes...
SirMarcus Samuel, Bart (JE |WPGWPG) English financier and lord mayor of London; born in London 1853; son of Marcus Samuel and senior partner of the shipping firm...
Samuel ben Marta (JE |WPGWPG) Palestinian amora of the third century. The word "mishkan," twice occurring in Ex. xxxviii. 21, is explained by him as having...
Samuel b. Meïr (Rashbam) (JE |WPGWPG) French exegete of Ramerupt, near Troyes; born about 1085; died about 1174; grandson of Rashi on his mother's side, and...
Moses Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) English author; born in London 1795; died at Liverpool 1860. He acquired considerable reputation as a Hebrew scholar and an...
Samuel ben Moses (JE |WPGWPG) Russian cabalist; lived at Swislotz, government of Grodno, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He was the author...
Samuel b. Moses Phinehas (JE |WPGWPG) Polish rabbi; died in Posen Nov. 25, 1806. He was a descendant of R. Joshua (d. 1648), the author of "Maginne Shelomoh," and...
Samuel ben Nahman (Nahmani)JE (JE |WPGWPG) Palestinian amora; born at the beginning of the third and died at the beginning of the fourth century. He was a pupil of R...
Samuel ha-Nakdan (JE |WPGWPG) Masorite and grammarian of the twelfth century. A grammatical work of his entitled "Deyakut" is extant in the Royal...
Samuel ha-Nasi (JE |WPGWPG) Exilarch in Bagdad, probably between 773 and 816. Until recently his existence was known only from a difficult passage in...
Samuel ben Nathan (JE |WPGWPG) Amora of the early part of the fourth century, He appears mostly as the transmitter of the sayings of Ḥama b. Ḥ...
Samuel ben Nathan (JE |WPGWPG) Liturgical poet of the fourteenth century; place of birth and residence unknown. He was the author of three prayers, and is...
Samuel ben Natronai (JE |WPGWPG) German tosafist of the second half of the twelfth century. He was the pupil and son-in-law of R. Eliezer b. Natan (RABaN)...
Samuel Phoebus ben Nathan Feitel (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian historiographer; lived in Vienna in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He was the author of "Tiṭ...
Samuel ben Reuben of Béziers (JE |WPGWPG) French Talmudist; flourished at the beginning of the fourteenth century. He was one of Solomon ben Adret's numerous correspondents...
Samuel ben Reuben of Chartres (JE |WPGWPG) French liturgical poet. He wrote a "reshut" in Aramaic which was recited with the Targum of the hafṭarah for the Feast...
Sampson Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) Solicitor and secretary to the London Board of Deputies; born in 1804; died in London Nov. 10, 1868. He began life on the...
SirSaul Samuel, Bart (JE |WPGWPG) Australian statesman; born in London, England, Nov. 2, 1820; died there Aug. 29, 1900. In 1832 he emigrated with relatives...
Samuel Schmelka ben Hayyim Shammash (JE |WPGWPG) Preacher and actuary of the rabbinate of Prague under Ephraim Solomon of Lencziza in the second half of the sixteenth century...
Samuel ben Simeon (JE |WPGWPG) French scholar; lived in Provence in the fourteenth century. His Hebrew surname was "Kenesi," incorrectly derived from "keneset"...
Simon Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) German pathologist; born at Glogau Oct. 5, 1833; died at Königsberg, East Prussia, May 9, 1899. He studied medicine at...
Samuel ben Solomon of FalaiseJE (JE |WPGWPG) Tosafist of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. His French name was Sir Morel, by which he is often designated in rabbinical...
Sydney Montagu Samuel (JE |WPGWPG) English author and communal worker; born in London June 21, 1848; died June, 1884; educated at University College, London...
Samuel ben Uri Shraga PhoebusJE (JE |WPGWPG) Polish rabbi and Talmudist of Woydyslaw in the second half of the seventeenth century. In his early youth he was a pupil of...
Samuel Yarhina'ah (JE |WPGWPG) Babylonian amora of the first generation; son of Abba b. Abba; teacher of the Law, judge, physician, and astronomer; born...
Samuel and Yates (JE |WPGWPG) Names of two families which led the congregation of Liverpool, England, in the early part of the nineteenth century. They...
Samuel Zarfati (JE |WPGWPG) Court physician to the popes Alexander VI. and Julius II.; died about 1519. The name "Zarfati" indicates that Samuel...
SirBernhard Samuelson (JE |WPGWPG) English merchant and politician; born at Liverpool Nov. 22, 1820; died May 10, 1905. After serving an apprenticeship in a...
Nathan Samuely [de] (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian ghetto poet; born in Stry, Galicia, 1846. At the age of seventeen he published a story in Hebrew entitled "Shewa...
Joseph Hayyim ibn Samun (JE |WPGWPG) Italian Talmudist; lived at Leghorn in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He was the author of "'Edut bi-Yehosef"...
San Antonio (JE |WPGWPG) Largest city in Texas; founded by the Spaniards in 1718. Jews first settled there in 1854, when the cemetery was founded.Samuel...
San Daniele del Friuli (JE |WPGWPG) Italian town, near Udine. About 1600 two brothers named Luzzatto established themselves here, a descendant of one of whom...
San Francisco (JE |WPGWPG) Principal city of California; chief commercial city of the Pacific coast. The name of San Francisco was given to the village...
San Marino (JE |WPGWPG) Ancient republic of central Italy; situated not far from the Adriatic Sea and founded in the fourth century by the Dalmatian...
San Millán de la Cogolla (JE |WPGWPG) Locality in Spain, not far from Najera, with a famous convent of great antiquity. Jews were living here as early as at Najera...
Sanballat (JE |WPGWPG) One of the chief opponents of Nehemiah when he was building the walls of Jerusalem and carrying out his reforms among the...
Antonio Ribeiro Sanchez (Sanches) (JE |WPGWPG) Russian court physician; born 1699; died in Paris 1783; member of a Marano family of Penamacor, district of Castello Branca...
Sancho (JE |WPGWPG) Family name of frequent occurrence among Oriental Spanish Jews, and borne by several writers. Abraham ben Ephraim Sancho:...
Daniel Sanders (JE |WPGWPG) German lexicographer; born in Altstrelitz, Mecklenburg, April 12, 1819; died March 12, 1897. He received his early education...
Paul Sándor (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian merchant and deputy; born in 1860 at Hodmezövásárhely; studied at the academies of commerce in Budapest...
Adolph L. Sanger (JE |WPGWPG) American lawyer and politician; born at Baton Rouge, La., in 1842; died in New York city Jan. 3, 1894. A graduate of the City...
Sanhedrin (JE |WPGWPG) Hebrew-Aramaic term originally designating only the assembly at Jerusalem that constituted the highest political magistracy...
Sanhedrin (JE |WPGWPG) Name of a treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both Talmudim. It stands fourth in the order Nezikin in most editions...
French SanhedrinJE (JE |WPGWPG) Jewish high court convened by Napoleon I. to give legal sanction to the principles expressed by the Assembly of Notables in...
Santarem (JE |WPGWPG) City of Portugal. Even before its conquest by the Portuguese in 1140, it possessed a Jewry, situated near the Church of S...
Santob (Shem-Tob) de Carrion (JE |WPGWPG) Spanish poet; born toward the end of the thirteenth century at Carrion de los Condes, a town in Castile, whence his cognomen...
James Sanua (JE |WPGWPG) Egyptian publicist; born at Cairo April, 1839. He studied in Egypt and in Italy, and at the age of sixteen commenced to contribute...
Jacob SaphirJE (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbi and traveler of Rumanian descent; born in 1822 at Oshmiany, government of Wilna; died in Jerusalem 1886. While still...
Moritz Gottlieb Saphir (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian humorist; born at Lovas-Berény Feb. 8, 1795; died at Baden, near Vienna, Sept. 5, 1858. In 1806 he went to...
Sigmund Saphir [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian journalist; born in Hungary 1806 (according to some, 1801); died at Pesth Oct. 17, 1866. He edited several German...
Sapphire (JE |WPGWPG) A highly prized sky-blue precious stone, frequently mentioned in the Old Testament and Apocrypha (Ex. xxiv. 10, xxviii. 18...
Sar Shalom ben Boaz (JE |WPGWPG) Gaon of Sura, where he died about 859 or 864, having held the gaonate for ten years. He succeeded Kohen Zedek...
Saragossa (JE |WPGWPG) Capital of the former kingdom of Aragon. The city is situated on the Ebro, which is crossed by a long stone bridge constructed...
Joseph Saragossi (JE |WPGWPG) Talmudist and cabalist of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. On being banished from Spain in 1492 he went successively...
Sarah (Sarai)JE (JE |WPGWPG) Wife of Abraham, who for a long period remained childless (Gen. xi. 29-30). She accompanied her husband from Haran to Canaan...
Sarajevo (JE |WPGWPG) Capital of Bosnia. For the history of its Jewish community till 1850 see Bosnia.About 1850 Omar Pasha (Michael Lattas) granted...
Kasriel H SarasohnJE (JE |WPGWPG) American journalist; born in Paiser, Russian Poland, 1835; died at New York city Jan. 12, 1905. He studied at home and prepared...
Saratof (JE |WPGWPG) Russian city, in the government of the same name; situated on the right bank of the Volga. The city is chiefly memorable for...
Saraval (JE |WPGWPG) Family of scholars, of whom the following deserve special mention: Abraham b. Judah Löb Saraval: Flourished in the...
Sardinia (JE |WPGWPG) An island in the Mediterranean, about 140 miles from the west coast of Italy, between 8° 4′ and 9° 49′...
Sardis (JE |WPGWPG) Ancient city of Asia Minor and capital of Lydia; situated on the Pactolus at the northern base of Mount Tmolus, about sixty...
Sargenes (JE |WPGWPG) A white linen garment which resembles a surplice and consists of a long, loose gown with flowing sleeves and with a collar...
Sargon (JE |WPGWPG) King of Assyria; died 705 B.C. He is mentioned in the Bible only in Isa. xx. 1; and his name is preserved by no classic writer...
Michael Sargon (JE |WPGWPG) Indian convert to Christianity; born in Cochin 1795; died about 1855. He was converted in 1818 by T. Jarrett of Madras, and...
Joseph ben Judah Sarko (Zarko,Zarik) (JE |WPGWPG) Italian grammarian and Hebrew poet of the first half of the fifteenth century. According to Carmoly ("Histoire des Mé...
Mohammed Sa'id Sarmad (JE |WPGWPG) Persian poet of Jewish birth; flourished in the first half of the seventeenth century. He was born at Kashan of a rabbinical...
Samuel Sarphati (JE |WPGWPG) Dutch physician and economist; born at Amsterdam Jan. 31, 1813; died there June 23, 1866. After finishing his medical studies...
Jacob b. Joseph Sarsino (Sarcino) (JE |WPGWPG) Italian rabbi of the seventeenth century; pupil of R. Zebi Hirsch b. Isaac in Cracow. He was rabbi in Venice, and labored...
Israel Sarug (Saruk)JE (JE |WPGWPG) Cabalist of the sixteenth century. A pupil of Isaac Luria, he devoted himself at the death of his master to the propagation...
Aaron ben Joseph Sason (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbi of Salonica in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; died shortly before 1626. He was a pupil of Mordecai Matalon...
Abraham Sason (JE |WPGWPG) Italian cabalist; flourished in Venice at the beginning of the seventeenth century. He was the author of the following works:...
Jacob ben Israel Sason (JE |WPGWPG) Palestinian Talmudist; flourished at Safed at the end of the seventeenth century; a pupil of Isaac Alfandari. He was the author...
Joseph ben Jacob Sason (JE |WPGWPG) Editor and, perhaps, author; lived in the sixteenth century. He edited the "Machazor Sefardi" (Venice, 1584); and a Jewish...
Sasportas>>Jacob ben Aaron SasportasJE (JE |WPGWPG) Spanish family of rabbis and scholars, the earliest known members of which lived at Oran, Algeria, at the end of the sixteenth...
Jacob Koppel ben Aaron Sasslower (JE |WPGWPG) Russian Masorite of the seventeenth century; lived in Zaslav, government of Volhynia. He wrote "Nachalat Ya'aḳ...
SassoonJE (JE |WPGWPG) Family claiming to trace its descent from the ibn Shoshans of Spain. The earliest member to attain distinction was David Sassoon...
Satan (JE |WPGWPG) Term used in the Bible with the general connotation of "adversary," being applied (1) to an enemy in war (I Kings v. 18 [A...
Isaac ha-Levi SatanowJE (JE |WPGWPG) Scholar and poet; born at Satanow, Poland, 1733; died in Berlin, Germany, Dec. 25, 1805. In early manhood he left his native...
Satire (JE |WPGWPG) Ironical and veiled attack, mostly in verse. Among the Hebrews satire made its appearance with the advent of the usurper....
Satrap (JE |WPGWPG) Ruler of a province in the governmental system of ancient Persia. The Old Persian form of the word, "khshathrapavan" (protector...
Satyr (JE |WPGWPG) Rendering by the English versions of the Hebrew "se'irim" in Isa. xiii. 21, xxxiv. 14 (R. V., margin, "he-goats"; American...
SaulJE (JE |WPGWPG) the first king of all Israel. He was the son of Kish, "a Benjamite, a mighty man of valor" (I Sam. ix. 1). For many years...
SaulJE (JE |WPGWPG) Karaite leader; son and successor of Anan ben David; died about 780. He is styled by the later Karaites "nasi" (prince) and...
Abba Saul (JE |WPGWPG) Tanna of the third generation. In Ab. R. N. xxix. mention is made of an Abba Saul b. Nanos whom Lewy ("Ueber Einige Fragmente...
Abba Saul b. Batnit (JE |WPGWPG) Tanna of the second and first centuries B.C. According to Derenbourg, his mother was a Batanian proselyte, whence he derived...
Saul ben David (JE |WPGWPG) Russian rabbi; died 1623. He was the author of: "Tal Orot" (Prague, 1615), treatise, in verse, on the thirty-nine principal...
Saul ben Joseph of Monteux (JE |WPGWPG) French liturgical poet; lived at Carpentras in the second half of the seventeenth century. The ritual of Avignon contains...
Saul of Tarsus (JE |WPGWPG) the actual founder of the Christian Church as opposed to Judaism; born before 10 C.E.; died after 63. The records containing...
Saxon Duchies (JE |WPGWPG) the four Saxon duchies are those of Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Weimar. Saxe-Altenburg: ...
Saxony (JE |WPGWPG) Kingdom of the German empire. Jews are reported to have appeared in Saxony before the year 1000, in the train of the Lombards...
Archibald Henry Sayce (JE |WPGWPG) English archeologist; born at Shirehampton Sept. 25, 1846; educated at Grosvenor College, Bath, and Queen's College, Oxford...
Scala Nova (JE |WPGWPG) Important city of Anatolia opposite the island of Samos; seaport of Ephesus. The oldest epitaph in the Jewish cemetery is...
Schepsel Schaffer (JE |WPGWPG) American rabbi; born May 4, 1862, at Bausk, Courland, Russia; descendant of Mordecai Jaffe, author of the "Lebush." He was...
Nahum Meïr (Shomer) Schaikewitz (JE |WPGWPG)JE Russian Judæo-German novelist and play-wright; born at Nesvizh, government of Minsk, Dec. 18, 1849. Schaikewitz distinguished...
Hermann SchapiraJE (JE |WPGWPG) Russian mathematician; born in 1840 at Erswilken, near Tauroggen, a small town in Lithuania; died at Cologne May 8, 1898,...
Heinrich Schapiro (JE |WPGWPG) Russian physician; born at Grodno 1853; died at St. Petersburg Feb. 14, 1901. After leaving the gymnasium at Grodno he studied...
Moses b. Phinehas Schapiro (JE |WPGWPG) Russian rabbi and printer; born probably in Koretz, Volhynia, about 1758; died in Slavuta 1838. He was the son of the Ḥ...
Boris Schatz (JE |WPGWPG) Russian sculptor; born in 1866, in the government of Kovno. He was the son of a poor schoolmaster ("melammed"). He studied...
Solomon Schechter (JE |WPGWPG) President of the faculty of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America; formerly reader in rabbinics at Cambridge University...
Simon Baruch Schefftel [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) German Hebraist; born June 14, 1813, at Breslau; died March 9, 1885. In 1848 he settled as a merchant at Posen. After his...
Elie Scheid (JE |WPGWPG) French communal worker and writer; born at Hagenau, Alsace, Oct. 24, 1841. After he had graduated from college, the impairment...
Leopold Schenk (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian embryologist; born at Urmény, Comitat Neutra, Hungary, Aug. 23, 1840; died at Schwanberg, Styria, Aug. 18, 1902...
Benjamin Scherschewski (JE |WPGWPG) Russian physician; born in Brest-Litovsk 1857. He studied medicine at the University of Warsaw, from which he graduated in...
Zebi Hirsch ha-Kohen ScherschewskiJE (JE |WPGWPG) Russian Hebrew writer; born at Pinsk in 1840. While still a boy he studied Hebrew grammar and archeology without a teacher...
Philipp Schey, Baron von Koromla (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian merchant and philanthropist; born at Güns (Köszeg) Sept. 20, 1798; died at Baden, near Vienna, June 28...
Abraham ben Aryeh Löb Schick (JE |WPGWPG) Lithuanian Talmudist and author of the nineteenth century; a native of Slonim, government of Grodno. Schick occupied himself...
Elijah ben Benjamin Schick (JE |WPGWPG) Lithuanian rabbi and preacher; born at Vasilishok, government of Wilna, in 1809; died at Kobrin, government of Kovno, Sept...
Schiff>>Meir ShiffJE (JE |WPGWPG) Family of Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany. The earliest known member, Jacob Kohen Zedek Schiff, who is mentioned...
Emil Schiff (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian journalist; born in Raudnitz, Bohemia, May 30, 1849; died in Berlin Jan. 23, 1899. Schiff was the son of a petty...
Josef Schiff (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian stenographer; born Feb. 25, 1848, at Ragendorf, Hungary. In 1874 he was appointed teacher of stenography at the Vienna...
Feiwel (Phoebus) Schiffer (JE |WPGWPG) Russian Hebraist and poet; born in Lasezow, government of Lublin, about 1810; died after 1866. He lived successively in Josefov...
Emanuel Schiffers (JE |WPGWPG) Russian chess master; born of German parents at St. Petersburg May 4, 1850; died there Dec. 12, 1904. He was educated at the...
Solomon Schill (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian philologist; born Oct. 14, 1849, in Budapest. He studied at Raab, Budapest, and Vienna; obtained his diploma as...
Armand Schiller (JE |WPGWPG) French journalist; born at Saint-Mandé (Seine) Aug. 7, 1857. He studied at the Lycée Condorcet, and, after receiving...
Solomon Marcus Schiller-SzinessyJE (JE |WPGWPG) Reader in rabbinic at Cambridge University; born at Budapest (Alt-Ofen), Hungary, December 23, 1820; died at Cambridge March 11, 1890. After a distinguished...
Solomon Schindler (JE |WPGWPG) German-American rabbi and author; born at Neisse, Germany, April 24, 1842. In 1868 he was selected to take charge of a small...
Schlemihl (JE |WPGWPG) Popular Yiddish term for an unfortunate person. It occurs also in the form Schlimmilius ("Jüdische Volksbibliothek,"...
Herman Schlesinger (JE |WPGWPG) German physician; born at Adelebsen, Hanover, April 1, 1856. He was graduated an M. D. at Göttingen in the year 1879...
Josef Schlesinger (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian mathematician; born at Mährisch-Schönberg Dec. 31, 1831. The son of very poor parents, he had to earn a...
Ludwig Schlesinger (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian mathematician; born at Tyrnau (Nagyszombat) Nov. 1, 1864; educated at the Realschule, Presburg, and at the universities...
Sigmund Schlesinger (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian writer; born at Vienna 1811; educated at the Schottengymnasium and the University of Vienna (M. D. 1835). He published...
Wilhelm S Schlesinger (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian physician; born at Tinnye, Hungary, 1839. Educated at the University of Vienna (M.D. 1864), he established himself...
Schlettstadt (JE |WPGWPG) Town in Alsace, about 27 miles south-southwest of Strasburg. In the year 1349, under Emperor Charles IV., its Jewish inhabitants...
Samuel ben Aaron Schlettstadt (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born at Schlettstadt; lived at Strasburg in the second half of the fourteenth century. He was rabbi and head...
Max Schloessinger (JE |WPGWPG) German philologist and theologian; born at Heidelberg Sept. 4, 1877; educated at the public school and the gymnasium of his...
Gottfried S Schmelkes (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian physician; born at Prague Sept. 22, 1807; died at Interlaken, Switzerland, Oct. 28, 1870. Educated at the universities...
Anton Von Schmid (JE |WPGWPG) Christian publisher of Hebrew books; born at Zwettl, Lower Austria, Jan. 23, 1765; died at Vienna June 27, 1855. His father...
Adolf Schmiedl (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian rabbi and scholar; born at Prossnitz, Moravia, Jan. 26, 1821. He held the office of rabbi at Gewitsch, Moravia, from...
Isidor Schnabel (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian physician; born at Neubidschow, Bohemia, Nov. 14, 1842. Educated at the University of Vienna (M.D. 1865), he became...
Louis Schnabel (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian teacher and journalist; born at Prossnitz, Moravia, June 29, 1829; died at New York May 3, 1897. He was educated...
Johann Schnitzler (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian laryngologist; born at Nagy-Kanizsa, Hungary, April 10, 1835; died at Vienna May 2, 1893. Educated at the University...
Schnorrer (JE |WPGWPG) Judæo-German term of reproach for a Jewish beggar having some pretensions to respectability. In contrast to the ordinary...
Nestor Ivan Schnurmann (JE |WPGWPG) English educationist; born 1854 in Russia. He went to England about 1880, and began his career as a teacher of Russian and...
SirAlexander Schomberg (JE |WPGWPG) British naval officer; born 1716; died in Dublin March 19, 1804; younger son of Meyer Löw Schomberg. He entered the navy...
Isaac Schomberg (JE |WPGWPG) English physician; born at Cologne Aug. 14, 1714; died in London May 4, 1780; son of Meyer Löw Schomberg. He received...
Meyer Löw Schomberg (JE |WPGWPG) English physician; born at Fetzburg, Germany, 1690; died in London March 4, 1761. He was the eldest son of a Jewish practitioner...
Ralph (Raphael) Schomberg (JE |WPGWPG) English physician and author; born at Cologne, Germany, Aug. 14, 1714; died at Reading, England, June 29, 1792; twin brother...
Georg Von Schönerer (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian politician and anti-Semitic agitator; born at Vienna July 17, 1842. He devoted himself to agriculture, and in 1873...
Baruch Schönfeld (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian Hebraist; born at Szenicz 1778; died at Budapest Dec. 29, 1852. He was a teacher in several towns of Hungary and...
Joseph Schönhak (JE |WPGWPG) Russian author; born at Tiktin 1812; died at Suwalki Dec., 10, 1870. Schönhak led a retired life, devoting his time to...
Naphtali Hirsch ben Zalman Schor (JE |WPGWPG) Moravian Talmudist of the sixteenth century. He was a pupil of Moses Isserles, who addressed to him many of his responsa,...
Joshua Heschel Schorr (JE |WPGWPG) Galician Hebrew scholar, critic, and communal worker; born at Brody May 22, 1814; died there Sept. 2, 1895. His parents were...
Naphtali Mendel Schorr (JE |WPGWPG) Galician Hebrew writer; died at Lemberg Dec. 14, 1883. He was the founder (1861) of the Hebrew weekly "Ha-'Et," of which...
Simon Wolf Schossberger de Torna (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian merchant and estate-owner; born 1796 at Sasvar (Sassin, Schossberg, Comitat Nyitra); died at Budapest March 25,...
Benedict (Baruch) Schott (Schottländer) (JE |WPGWPG) German educationist; born in Danzig March 11, 1763 (or 1764); died at Seesen July 21, 1846. Left an orphan at an early age...
Julius Schottländer (JE |WPGWPG) German merchant; born at Münsterberg, Silesia, March 22, 1835; educated at the public schools of his native town and...
Julius Schottländer (JE |WPGWPG) German gynecologist; born at St. Petersburg April 12, 1860. Studying at the universities of Munich and Heidelberg, he graduated...
Emanuel SchreiberJE (JE |WPGWPG) American rabbi; born at Leipnik, Moravia, Dec. 13, 1852. He received his education at the Talmudical college of his native...
Moses b. Samuel Schreiber (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Sept. 14, 1763; died at Presburg Oct. 3, 1839. His mother's name was Reisil...
Simon SchreiberJE (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian rabbi; born at Presburg, Hungary, 1821; died March 25, 1883, at Cracow; son of Moses Schreiber. In 1842 he became...
Abraham Schreiner (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian discoverer of petroleum; born in Galicia in the second decade of the nineteenth century; died after 1870. He was...
Martin Schreiner (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian rabbi; born at Grosswardein July 8, 1863; educated at the local gymnasium and the rabbinical seminary and at the...
Jakob Schreyer (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian jurist; born Feb. 7, 1847, in Ugra. He studied at Nagyvarad, Debreczin, Budapest, and Vienna (Doctor of Law, 1870)...
Johann Jakob SchudtJE (JE |WPGWPG) German polyhistor and Orientalist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Jan. 14, 1664; died there Feb. 14, 1722. He studied theology...
Moïse Schuhl (JE |WPGWPG) French rabbi; born at Westhausen, Alsace, May 2, 1845. He received his education at the lyceum at Strasburg and at the Rabbinical...
Schul (JE |WPGWPG) Judæo-German designation for the temple or the synagogue ("bet ha-midrash"), used as early as the thirteenth century...
Moses Schulbaum (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian Hebraist; born at Jezierzany, Galicia, April 25, 1835. His mother was a descendant of Ḥakam Zebi. At...
Schüler Gelauf (JE |WPGWPG) Organized attacks upon the Jews of different Polish cities by Christian youths, especially pupils of the many Jesuit schools...
Isaac ben Zalman ben Moses Schulhof (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian rabbi; born about 1650 at Prague; died there Jan. 19, 1733. He settled in Ofen as the rabbi of a small congregation...
Julius SchulhoffJE (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian pianist and composer; born at Prague Aug. 2, 1825; died at Berlin March 15, 1898. Kisch and Tedesco were his teachers...
SchulklopferJE (JE |WPGWPG) Name given in the Middle Ages to a beadle who called the members of the congregation to service in the synagogue. It is stated...
Kalman Schulman (JE |WPGWPG) Russian author, historian, and poet; born at Bykhov, government of Moghilef (Mohilev), Russia, in 1819; died in Wilna Jan...
Samuel Schulman (JE |WPGWPG) American rabbi; born in Russia Feb. 14, 1865. He was taken to New York when hardly one year old, and was educated in the public...
Ludwig Schulmann (JE |WPGWPG) German philologist and writer; born at Hildesheim 1814; died at Hanover July 24, 1870. He studied philology at the University...
Albert Schultens (JE |WPGWPG) Dutch Orientalist; born at Gröningen Aug. 23, 1686; died Jan. 26, 1756. He studied Arabic at Leyden under Van Til, and...
William Schur (JE |WPGWPG) American author; born at Outian, near Vilkomir, Russia, Oct. 27, 1844. He studied Talmud at his native town and at the Yeshibah...
Arthur Schuster (JE |WPGWPG) English physicist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Sept. 12, 1851. He was educated at Frankfort, at Owens College, Manchester...
Schutzjude (JE |WPGWPG) Jew under the special protection of the head of the state. In the early days of travel and commerce the Jews, like other aliens...
Löw Schwab (JE |WPGWPG) Moravian rabbi; born at Krumau, Moravia, March 11, 1794; died April 3, 1857; pupil of R. Mordecai Benet in Nikolsburg, R....
Moïse SchwabJE (JE |WPGWPG) French librarian and author; born at Paris Sept. 18, 1839; educated at the Jewish school and the Talmud Torah at Strasburg...
Julius Leopold Schwabach (JE |WPGWPG) British consul-general in Berlin; born in Breslau 1831; died there Feb. 23, 1898. At the age of sixteen he entered the banking-house...
Gustav SchwalbeJE (JE |WPGWPG) German anatomist and anthropologist; born at Quedlinburg Aug. 1, 1844. Educated at the universities of Berlin, Zurich, and...
Adolf Schwarz (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian theologian; born July, 1846, at Adász-Tevel, near Papa, Hungary. He received his early instruction in the Talmud...
Anton Schwarz (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian chemist; born at Polna, Bohemia, Feb. 2, 1839; died at New York city Sept. 24, 1895. He was educated at the University...
Gustav Schwarz (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian lawyer; born at Budapest 1858; educated in his native city and at German universities. In 1884 he became privat-docent...
Israel Schwarz (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born at Hürben, Bavaria, March 15, 1830; died at Cologne Jan. 4, 1875; educated by his father, R. Joachim...
Joseph Schwarz (JE |WPGWPG) Palestinian geographer; born at Flosz, Bavaria, Oct. 22, 1804; died at Jerusalem Feb. 5, 1865. When he was seventeen years...
Peter Schwarz (JE |WPGWPG) German Dominican preacher and anti-Jewish writer of the fifteenth century. According to John Eck ("Verlegung cines Juden-Bü...
Schwarzfeld (JE |WPGWPG) Rumanian family which became prominent in the nineteenth century. Benjamin Schwarzfeld: Rumanian educator and writer; father...
Götz Schwerin (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian rabbi and Talmudist; born in 1760 at Schwerin-on-the-Warthe (Posen); died Jan. 15, 1845; educated at the yeshibot...
Marcel Schwob (Mayer André) (JE |WPGWPG) French journalist; born at Chaville (Seine-et-Oise) Aug. 23, 1867; died at Paris Feb. 27, 1905. He received his early instruction...
Scopus (JE |WPGWPG) An elevation seven stadia north of Jerusalem, where, according to tradition, the high priest and the inhabitants of the city...
Scorpion (JE |WPGWPG) An arachnid resembling a miniature flat lobster, and having a poisonous sting in its tail. It is common in the Sinaitic Peninsula...
Scotland>>Giffnock SynagogueEL:JE (JE |WPGWPG) Country forming the northern part of Great Britain. Jews have been settled there only since the early part of the nineteenth...
Scroll of the Law (JE |WPGWPG) the Pentateuch, written on a scroll of parchment. The Rabbis count among the mandatory precepts incumbent upon every Israelite...
Scythians (JE |WPGWPG) A nomadic people which was known in ancient times as occupying territory north of the Black Sea and east of the Carpathian...
Seal (Device) (JE |WPGWPG) It is noteworthy that a number of the seals which have been preserved belonged to women, although in later times it was not...
Solomon Sebag (JE |WPGWPG) English teacher and Hebrew writer; born in 1828; died at London April 30, 1892; son of Rabbi Isaac Sebag. He was educated...
Sebastus (JE |WPGWPG) the port of Cæsarea on the Mediterranean Sea. Cæsarea itself, which Herod hadmade an important seaport, received...
Pablo Marini Secchi (JE |WPGWPG) Italian Christian merchant; lived at Rome in the sixteenth century. He made a wager with a Jew, Samson Ceneda, that Santo...
Second Day of Festivals (JE |WPGWPG) Day added by the Rabbis to all holy days except Yom Kippur. Jews living at a distance from Jerusalem were informed by messengers...
Joseph Sedbon (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbinical and cabalistic author of Tunis in the second half of the eighteenth century. He composed a cabalistic treatise...
Seder (JE |WPGWPG) Before the schools of Hillel and Shammai arose in the days of King Herod, a service of thanks, of which the six "psalms of...
Seder 'Olam RabbahJE (JE |WPGWPG) Earliest post-exilic chronicle preserved in the Hebrew language. In the Babylonian Talmud this chronicle is several times...
Seder 'Olam ZutaJE (JE |WPGWPG) Anonymous chronicle, called "Zuṭa" (= "smaller," or "younger") to distinguish it from the older "Seder 'Olam Rabbah...
Seduction (JE |WPGWPG) the act of inducing a woman or girl of previously chaste character to consent to unlawful sexual intercourse. The Mosaic law...
Sée (JE |WPGWPG) A family of Alsatian origin whose most important members are: Abraham Adolphe Sée: French bar rister; born in Colmar...
Josef Seegen (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian balneologist; born at Polna May 20, 1822. He studied medicine at Prague and Vienna (M.D. 1847), becoming privat-docent...
Seer (JE |WPGWPG) Rendering in the English versions of the Hebrew , which in I Sam. ix. 9 is reported to have been the old popular designation...
Seesen (JE |WPGWPG) Town in the Harz Mountains, where in the fall of 1801 Israel Jacobson founded the school which was called after him (See Jacobson...
The TenSefirot>>Godhead (Judaism)REF:JE (JE |WPGWPG) Potencies or agencies by means of which, according to the Cabala, God manifested His existence in the production of the universe...
Segovia (JE |WPGWPG) City of Spain in Old Castile; situated between Burgos, Toledo, and Avila. When conquered by Alfonso VI. it already had a considerable...
SegreDAB (JE |WPGWPG) Italian family of scholars. Abraham ben Judah Segre (known as Rab ASI): Rabbi in Casale in the seventeenth and eighteenth...
Joseph Seiberling (JE |WPGWPG) Russian educator, censor, and communal worker; born in Wilna; died at an advanced age after 1882. His father, Isaac Markusewich...
Seir (JE |WPGWPG) Region that took its name from Seir the Horite, whose descendants occupied it, followed by Edom and his descendants. The earliest...
Seixas (JE |WPGWPG) American family, the founder of which removed from Portugal to the United States in 1730. Abraham Seixas: American merchant...
SelahJE (JE |WPGWPG) Term of uncertain etymology and grammatical form and of doubtful meaning. It occurs seventy-one times in thirty-nine of the...
John Selden (JE |WPGWPG) English jurist and Orientalist; born Dec. 16, 1584, at Salvington, Sussex; died at Whitefriars, London, Nov. 30, 1654. He...
Seleucia>>Seleucia SamuliasJE (JE |WPGWPG) Greek colony founded about the end of the third century B.C. on Lake Merom. According to the inference of Grätz, based...
Seleucidae (JE |WPGWPG) Powerful Syrian dynasty, which exercised an influence on the history of the Jews for two centuries (312-112 B.C.). Seleucus...
Franz Romeo Seligmann (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian physician and Persian scholar; born at Nikolsburg June 30, 1808; died at Vienna Sept. 15, 1892. Educated at the gymnasium...
Leopold, Ritter von Seligmann (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian army surgeon; born at Nikolsburg Jan. 18, 1815; brother of Franz Romeo Seligmann. He received his education at the...
Max SeligsohnJE (JE |WPGWPG) Russian-American Orientalist; born in Russia April 13, 1865. Having received his rabbinical training at Slutsk, government...
Samuel Seligsohn (JE |WPGWPG) Hebrew poet; born at Samoczin, Posen, 1815; died there Oct. 3, 1866. He published "Ha-Abib" (Berlin, 1845), an epos. Another...
Selihah (JE |WPGWPG) Penitential prayers; perhaps the oldest portion of the synagogal compositions known under the term of Piyyuṭim. The...
SemahotJE (JE |WPGWPG) Euphemistic name of the treatise known as "Ebel Rabbati," one of the so-called small or later treatises which in the editions...
Semalion (JE |WPGWPG) Name occurring in an obscure passage relating to the death of Moses (Sifre, Deut. 357; Soṭab 13b), which modern scholars...
Gedaliah Semiatitsch (JE |WPGWPG) Lithuanian Talmudist of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He was one of the Ḥasidic party which in 1700 made...
Semikah (JE |WPGWPG) A ceremony obligatory on one who offered an animal sacrifice. The regulations governing its observance were as follows: The...
Seminaire Israelite de France (JE |WPGWPG) French rabbinical school. On Jan. 23, 1704, Abraham Schwab and Agathe, his wife, founded a yeshibah at Metz; and on Nov. 12...
Semites (JE |WPGWPG) Term used in a general way to designate those peoples who are said in Gen. x. 21-30 to be the descendants of the patriarch...
Semitic Languages (JE |WPGWPG) Languages spoken by the Semitic peoples (comp. Semites). These peoples are the North-Arabians, the South-Arabians, the Abyssinians...
Harvard University Semitic Museum (JE |WPGWPG) Founded by Jacob H. Schiff of New York in 1889, at Cambridge, Mass. Its objects are to gather, preserve, and exhibit all known...
Charles Semon (JE |WPGWPG) Philanthropist; born in Danzig 1814; died in Switzerland July 18, 1877. He emigrated to England and settled in the manufacturing...
SirFelix Semon (JE |WPGWPG) English specialist in diseases of the throat; born at Danzig Dec. 8, 1849; nephew of Julius Semon. He studied medicine at...
Herman Senator (JE |WPGWPG) German clinicist and medical author; born at Gnesen, province of Posen, Prussia, Dec. 6, 1834; M.D. Berlin, 1857. During his...
Lucius Annaeus Seneca (JE |WPGWPG) Stoic philosopher; born about 6 B.C.; died 65 C.E.; teacher of Nero. Like other Latin authors of the period, Seneca mentions...
Abraham Senior (JE |WPGWPG) Court rabbi of Castile, and royal tax-farmer-in-chief; born in Segovia in the early part of the fifteenth century; a near...
Phoebus ben Jacob Abigdor Senior (JE |WPGWPG) Talmudic scholar and author; lived in thefirst half of the eighteenth century. He wrote a commentary on the six orders of...
Senlis (JE |WPGWPG) Chief town of an arrondissement of the department of the Oise, France, and a noted health and pleasure resort. It possessed...
Sennacherib (JE |WPGWPG) King of Assyria, 705-681 B.C.; son and successor of Sargon. His reign was a warlike one, yet it was marked by grandeur in...
Sens (JE |WPGWPG) Chief town of an arrondissement of the department of the Yonne, France. Jews were among its inhabitants as early as the sixth...
TheFive senses (JE |WPGWPG) According to the Aristotelian psychology, the human soul possesses, besides the rational and nutritive faculties, that of...
Sephardim (JE |WPGWPG) Descendants of the Jews who were expelled from Spain and Portugal and who settled in southern France, Italy, North Africa...
Sepphoris (JE |WPGWPG) City in Palestine which derived its name from the fact that it was perched like a bird on a high mountain. It is first mentioned...
Sepulveda (JE |WPGWPG) City in the bishopric of Segovia, Spain, inhabited by Jews as early as the eleventh century. Its old laws contained a paragraph...
Isaac Henrique Sequira (JE |WPGWPG) English physician; born at Lisbon 1738; died in London Nov., 1816. He came of a medical family, his grandfather, father, and...
Serah (JE |WPGWPG) Daughter of Asher, son of Jacob. She is counted among the seventy members of the patriarch's family who emigrated from...
Seraiah (JE |WPGWPG) A scribe, and one of the officials under David (II Sam. viii. 17; comp. xx. 25, where he appears under the name Sheva). In...
Seraphim (JE |WPGWPG) Class of heavenly beings, mentioned only once in the Old Testament, in a vision of the prophet Isaiah (vi. 2 et seq.). Isaiah...
Serebszczyzna (JE |WPGWPG) Land-tax imposed upon the inhabitants of Lithuania and Russia in the Middle Ages, and deriving its name from the fact that...
Serene (Serenus) (JE |WPGWPG) Pseudo-Messiah of the beginning of the eighth century; a native of Syria. The name is a Latin form of , which is found in...
Serpent (JE |WPGWPG) the following terms are used in the Old Testament to denote serpents of one kind or another: (1) "nachash," the generic...
Servant of God (JE |WPGWPG) Title of honor given to various persons or groups of persons; namely, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob (Deut. ix. 27; comp. Ps. cv. 6...
Flaminio Ephraim Servi (JE |WPGWPG) Italian rabbi; born at Pitigliano, Tuscany, Dec. 24, 1841; died at Casale-Monferrato Jan. 23, 1904. He received his education...
Servia (JE |WPGWPG) Kingdom of southeastern Europe; until 1876 a vassal state of Turkey. The history of the Jews of the country is almost identical...
Karl Borromäus Alexander Sessa (JE |WPGWPG) Anti-Jewish author; born at Breslau Dec. 20, 1786; died there Dec. 4, 1813. He studied philosophy and medicine in various...
