Fable (JE |WPGWPG) A moral allegory in which beasts, and occasionally plants, act and speak like human beings. It is distinct from the beast-tale...
Da'ud abu al-FadlJE (JE |WPGWPG) Karaite physician; born at Cairo 1161; died there about 1242. Having studied medicine under the Jewish physician Hibat Allah...
Fadus Cuspius (JE |WPGWPG) Procurator of Judea after the death of Agrippa I. Appointed by Emperor Claudius in 44 C.E., he went to Palestine in the same...
Faenza (JE |WPGWPG) City in the province of Ravenna, and the family seat of the Finzi according to a tradition of the family; Mazliaḥ...
Paul Fagius (Paul Büchlein) (JE |WPGWPG) Christian Hebraist; born at Rheinzabern, in the Kurpfalz, 1504; died at Cambridge, England, Nov. 13, 1549. He studied at the...
Fairs (JE |WPGWPG) Periodical assemblies for the purchase and the sale of goods. Talmudic authorities were opposed to the attendance of Jews...
Faith (JE |WPGWPG) in Biblical and rabbinical literature, and hence in the Jewish conception, "faith" denotes not belief in a dogmatic sense...
Baruch ben Solomon Faitusi (JE |WPGWPG) Preacher in Tunis toward the end of the eighteenth century. He was inclined toward mystical and cabalistic studies. His "Meḳ...
Jacob ben Abraham FaitusiJE (JE |WPGWPG) Talmudist; lived in Tunis, and later in Jerusalem; died at Algiers July, 1812. He traveled in the interest of the Jerusalem...
Falaise (JE |WPGWPG) Capital of the arrondissement of the department of Calvados, in Normandy, France, and till 1206 under English rule. It seems...
Shem-Tob ben Joseph Falaquera (Palquera)JE (JE |WPGWPG) Spanish philosopher and poet: born 1225; died after 1290. He was well versed in Arabic and Greek philosophy, and had a fine...
Falashas (JE |WPGWPG) Jews of Abyssinia. A colony of Jews exists in Abyssinia known under the denomination of "Falashas" or "Emigrants." They are...
Falces (JE |WPGWPG) A town near Lerin, Navarre. Its Jewish community suffered greatly during the persecution of 1328. In 1366 it contained only...
Abraham Aboab Falero (JE |WPGWPG) Portuguese philanthropist; died at Verona 1642. At the beginning of the seventeenth century or perhaps even at the end of...
Eduard Falk (JE |WPGWPG) German publicist; died in Paris July 7, 1863. Originally destined for a mercantile career, he later turned to study, and after...
Hayyim Samuel Jacob FalkJE (JE |WPGWPG) English cabalist and mystic; born about 1708; died in London April 17, 1782. Some writers give Fürth, others Podolia...
Joshua ben Alexander ha-Kohen FalkJE (JE |WPGWPG) Polish Talmudist; born at Lublin; died at Lemberg March 29, 1614. His name occurs as "RaFaK" (= "R. Falk Kohen") and "Ma-HaRWaK"...
Ferdinand FalksonJE (JE |WPGWPG) German physician and political writer; born at Königsberg Aug. 20, 1820; died there Aug. 31, 1900. He was educated at...
Fall of angels (JE |WPGWPG) in Apocalyptic Writings. The conception of fallen angels—angels who, for wilful, rebellious conduct against God, or...
Fall of Man (JE |WPGWPG) A change from the beatific condition, due to the alleged original depravity of the human race. The events narrated in Gen...
Familianten GesetzJE (JE |WPGWPG) A law which required every Jew in "the countries of the Bohemian crown" (Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia) to obtain a special...
Family andFamily Life (JE |WPGWPG) the family includes either those who are descended from a common progenitor, as "bet Dawid," the house (dynasty) of David...
Family vault (JE |WPGWPG) An exclusive burial-place for the members of a family. The desire of the ancient Hebrews to "lie with their fathers," and...
Famine (JE |WPGWPG) A general scarcity of food, resulting as from drought, war, hail, flood, or insects. The land of Canaan is said in the Bible...
Jucefe (Joseph) Faquin (JE |WPGWPG) Spanish traveler of the fourteenth century; lived first at Barcelona, but settled in Majorca after having made a tour of the...
Faraj ben Salim (JE |WPGWPG) Italian physician and translator; flourished in the second half of the thirteenth century. He was engaged by King Charles...
Jacob al-Faraji (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbi at Alexandria, Egypt, in the middle of the seventeenth century; brother-in-law of Shabbethai Nawawi, rabbi of Rashid...
Estori Farhi (Parhi) (JE |WPGWPG) Explorer of Palestine; born about 1282 at Florenza, Spain; died in Palestine, probably in 1357. His father, Moses, sent him...
Hayyim Mu'allim Farhi (JE |WPGWPG) Minister of the Pasha of Damascus and Acre; born at Damascus about the middle of the eighteenth century; assassinated in 1820...
Isaac Farhi [he] (JE |WPGWPG) Dayyan and almoner of Jerusalem; born at Safed; died at Jerusalem May 11, 1853. About 1840 Farchi was sent to Europe...
Joseph Shabbethai Farhi (JE |WPGWPG) Talmudic scholar and cabalist; born at Jerusalem about 1802; died at Leghorn, Italy, in 1882. Farchi was an earnest cabalist...
Juan de Faria (JE |WPGWPG) Marano poet. While residing at Brussels in 1672 he wrote a poem in honor of his friend Miguel de Barrios' "Coro de las...
Judah Farissol (JE |WPGWPG) Italian mathematician and astronomer; flourished at Mantua at the end of the fifteenth century. In 1499 he wrote "Iggeret...
Benjamin L Farjeon (JE |WPGWPG) English-Jewish novelist; born in London 1833; died there July 23, 1903; educated at private schools. He emigrated to New Zealand...
Albert Farkas (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian journalist; born at Szilágy Somlyó Aug. 1, 1842; attended the gymnasium at Kolozsvár (Klausenburg)...
Gyula (Julius) FarkasJE (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian mathematician and physicist; born at Puszta Sárosd March 28, 1847; attended the gymnasium at Györ (Raab)...
Faro (JE |WPGWPG) Capital of the Portuguese province of Algarve. It was the seat of the district rabbi, or chief justice, appointed by the chief...
Abraham Farrar [pt] (Ferrar) (JE |WPGWPG) Portuguese physician and poet; born at Porto; died at Amsterdam 1663. After practising medicine at Lisbon, Farrar emigrated...
Hirsch Bär Fassel (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian rabbi and author; born at Boskowitz, Moravia, Aug. 21, 1802; died at Nagy-Kanizsa, Hungary, Dec. 27, 1883. After...
Fasting andFast-days (JE |WPGWPG) Fasting is usually defined as a withholding of all natural food from the body for a determined period voluntarily appointed...
Fat (JE |WPGWPG) the rendering in the English versions of the Hebrew word "Cheleb," an animal substance of an oily character deposited...
Fatalism (JE |WPGWPG) the doctrine that every event is predestined and must inevitably take place. According to Josephus, the question of fate—...
Father (JE |WPGWPG) the word denotes primarily the begetter or genitor of an individual. In a looser sense it is used to designate the grandfather...
Fattori (JE |WPGWPG) the executive body of the Roman community, consisting of three persons elected for one, later for one-half, year, by the representatives...
SirGeorge Faudel-Phillips, Bart (JE |WPGWPG) Lord mayor of London (1896-97); second son of Sir Benjamin Samuel Phillips; born in 1840. George Phillips, who derived the...
Fault (JE |WPGWPG) Harmful neglect of duty. The "culpa" of Roman law is treated to some extent under the heads of Accident and Bailments, the...
Ladislaus Fayer [hu;he] (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian jurist; born at Kecskemé in 1842. In 1870 he received the degree of doctor of law, three years later becoming...
Nathanael al-Fayyumi (JE |WPGWPG) Talmudic scholar and philosopher; flourished in Yemen about the middle of the twelfth century. He wrote a philosophical work...
Fear of God (JE |WPGWPG) the Hebrew equivalent of "religion." It is the mainspring of religion, morality, and wisdom, and is productive of material...
Fear of Man (JE |WPGWPG) Respect of parents is especially enjoined by both Scripture and Talmud (Ex. xx. 12; Deut. v. 16). The Talmud makes reverence...
Tobias Gutmann Feder (JE |WPGWPG) Polish poet and grammarian, born at Przedborz about 1760; died at Tarnopol, Galicia, 1817. He followed in turn the professions...
Federation of American Zionists (JE |WPGWPG) Zionist association organized in 1897 under the name of "Federation of Zionist Societies of Greater New York and Vicinity...
Fee (JE |WPGWPG) A payment for service done or to be done, usually for professional or special services, the amount being usually fixed by...
Washing of Feet (JE |WPGWPG) Since the Israelites, like all other Oriental peoples, wore sandals instead of shoes, and as they usually went barefoot in...
Joseph Feilbogen [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian rabbi; born 1784; died at Strassnitz, Moravia, March 3, 1869. He officiated as rabbi successively at Piesling, Pirnitz...
Gabriel Fabian Feilchenfeld [de] (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi and author; born at Schlichtingsheim, Silesia, June 18, 1827. He received his first training in rabbinical literature...
Solomon Feinberg [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Russian financier and philanthropist; born at Yurburg, near Kovno, in 1821; died at Königsberg, Prussia, May 21, 1893...
Aryeh Löb Feinstein (JE |WPGWPG) Russian scholar; born at Damachev, near Brest-Litovsk, Dec. 6, 1821; died there Jan. 20, 1903. Feinstein studied the Talmud...
Jacob Feis [ru] (JE |WPGWPG) German merchant and author; died on July 7, 1900, in London, where he had resided for many years. He devoted his literary...
Levy Feistel (JE |WPGWPG) French army officer; born 1789; died 1855. After receiving a Talmudic training, he went to Mayence in 1806, and was admitted...
Uri Shraga ben Solomon Feiwel (Phoebus) (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbi of Dubrovno, government of Mohilev, Russia, at the end of the eighteenth century and at the beginning of the nineteenth...
Joseph Fekete (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian journalist; born in Kecskemét Nov. 19, 1854; studied law at Berlin and Leipsic. At the latter city he founded...
Louis Felberman [hu] (JE |WPGWPG) Author and journalist; born in Hungary in 1861. In 1881 he went to England, and subsequently joined the staff of the society...
Julius Feld [fr] (JE |WPGWPG) Rumanian artist; born at Botuschany, Rumania, June 21, 1871. At an early age he went to France and studied at the Ecole des...
Sigmund Feld [hu] (Rosenfeld) (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian actor and theatrical manager; born at Spácza, Hungary, 1849. In 1867 he appeared at the Josefstädter Theater...
Wilhelm Feldman [pl] (JE |WPGWPG) Polish author; born at Warsaw 1868. Since 1886 he has published the following works, in which he advocates theassimilation...
Leopold Feldmann (JE |WPGWPG) German dramatist; born at Munich May 22, 1802; died in Vienna March 26, 1882. He was one of the most prolific farce- and comedy-writers...
Hugo Feleki [hu;he] (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian physician; born at Lovasberény March 23, 1861; studied medicine at the University of Budapest, where he became...
Felix (Antonius Felix) (JE |WPGWPG) Procurator of Judea. Felix, who was a freedman of the empress Antonia, was administrator of Samaria, and probably of Judea...
Elisa-Rachel Félix (JE |WPGWPG) French actress; born in the Soleil d'Or, the principal inn of the village of Munf, in the canton Aargau, Switzerland,...
Ludwig Felix [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian economist; born at Horitz, Bohemia, Feb. 22, 1830. He attended lectures on commerce in Vienna, and devoted himself...
Felix PratensisJE (JE |WPGWPG) Jewish apostate; born at Prato, Italy, in the second half of the fifteenth century; died at Rome in 1539. He received a good...
Rebecca Félix [fr] (JE |WPGWPG) French actress; born at Lyons 1829; died at Eaux-Bonnes June 19, 1854. She gave early evidence of talent, was trained by her...
Sophie Félix (JE |WPGWPG) French actress; eldest of the sisters of Elisa-Rachel Félix (Rachel); born in a small village near Frankfort-on-the-Main...
Bernhard Felsenthal (JE |WPGWPG) German-American rabbi and author; born Jan. 2, 1822, at Münchweiler, near Kaiserslautern, Germany. He was educated at...
Adolf Fényes (Fischmann) (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian painter; born at Kecskemét April 28, 1867; son of J. H. Fischmann, rabbi of that town. Though he first attracted...
Adolf Fenyvessy [hu] (JE |WPGWPG) Chief of the bureau of stenography of the Hungarian Parliament; born at Zala-Egerszeg 1837; completed his studies at Szé...
Boris Ferber (JE |WPGWPG) Russian author; born in Jitomir 1859; died in St. Petersburg 1895. He entered the University of St. Petersburg, where he took...
Ferdinand II (JE |WPGWPG) Emperor of Germany; born July 9, 1578; elected Aug. 28, 1619; died Feb. 15, 1637. On the whole his reign was favorable for...
Ferdinand III (JE |WPGWPG) King of Castile and Leon; son of Alfonso IX., King of Leon, and the pious Berenguela; born 1200; ascended the throne 1217...
Ferdinand IV (JE |WPGWPG) King of Castile and Leon (1295-1312); son of Sancho IV.; came to the throne in his youth. He had for his confidential friend...
Ferdinand and Isabella (JE |WPGWPG) King of Spain; born 1452; died 1516; son of Juan II. of Aragon by his second wife, Juana Enriquez, daughter of Fredrique Enriquez...
Philip Ferdinand (JE |WPGWPG) Hebrew teacher; born in Poland about 1555; died at Leyden, Holland, 1598. After an adventurous career on the Continent, during...
FermosaJE (JE |WPGWPG) A Jewess of Toledo named "Rahel," afterward called "Fermosa" (The Beautiful) because of her rare beauty. She held Alfonso...
Manuel Fernandez da Villareal (JE |WPGWPG) Political economist and dramatist; born in Lisbon of Marano parents. He attended the University of Madrid, and served for...
Francisco Fernandez y Gonzalez [es] (JE |WPGWPG) Spanish Orientalist; professor in the University of Madrid; member of the Academia de la Historia. He is a son-in-law of the...
Aaron Fernando (JE |WPGWPG) Teacher and reformer at Leghorn, Italy; died 1830. He held a position under the first Napoleon, for whom he had the greatest...
Ferrara (JE |WPGWPG) City in central Italy; capital of the province and former duchy of the same name. The Jewish community of Ferrara was one...
Moses ben Meïr Ferrara (JE |WPGWPG) Italian tosafist of the thirteenth century. He was a contemporary of Eleazar ben Samuel and of Isaiah ben Mali. No details...
Ferreolus (JE |WPGWPG) Bishop of Uzès, France (553-581). As soon as he had obtained the bishopric he showed great zeal in trying to convert...
Vicente Ferrer (JE |WPGWPG) Spanish Dominican preacher; born at Valencia Jan. 23, 1350; died at Vannes, France, April 5, 1419. Basnage supposes that he...
Ferret (JE |WPGWPG) the rendering in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew "anakah" (Lev. xi. 30). The Septuagint has μυγά...
Peter Ferrus (JE |WPGWPG) Jewish convert to Christianity; lived in Spain in the fifteenth century. A poet of ability, he exercised his talents in deriding...
Sigismund Fessler [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian lawyer and author; born at Vienna Aug. 26, 1845; educated at the gymnasium and university of that city. He was appointed...
Festivals (JE |WPGWPG) the Hebrews designated a festival by the word "Chag" (the Arabic "Chajj"), originally implying a choragic rhythmic...
Porcius Festus (JE |WPGWPG) Procurator of Judea about 60-62 C.E., after Felix (Josephus, "Ant." xx. 8, § 9; "B. J." ii. 14, § 1). Although he...
Fetters (JE |WPGWPG) Chains or shackles by which the feet may be fastened either together or to some heavy object. The most usual term for fetters...
Vincent Fettmilch (JE |WPGWPG) Leader of the gilds of Frankfort-on-the-Main against the Jews in 1612, and instigator of the riots which led to the expulsion...
Nathaniel Feuer [hu;he] (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian oculist; born in Szobotiszt, Hungary, Aug. 18, 1844. He studied at the University of Vienna (M.D., 1872). Assistant...
Karl Feust (JE |WPGWPG) German jurist; son of the chief rabbi of Bamberg; born at Bamberg Oct. 9, 1798; died at Fürth Aug. 19, 1872. Having been...
Fez (JE |WPGWPG) Capital of the province of Fez in the sultanate of Morocco; built in the year 808 by Imam Idris II., who founded in Morocco...
Joseph ben Solomon Fiametta (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbi of Ancona, Italy; died in 1721. His name iswritten variously: Wolf, in the Latin transcription of his name, gives "Flamneta"...
Benjamin-Eugène Fichel (JE |WPGWPG) French painter; born in Paris Aug. 30, 1826; died there Feb. 7, 1895. After essaying historical painting he turned his attention...
Jacob ben Abraham Fidanque (JE |WPGWPG) English scholar; died at London in 1701. He was one of the first Jews after the Return to busy himself with the study of rabbinic...
Fig andFig-tree (JE |WPGWPG) the fig-tree (Ficus Carica) and its fruit are designated in Hebrew by the same word, "te'enah" (Deut. viii. 8; Judges...
Figah (JE |WPGWPG) River in the Damascene, affluent of the Barada (the Biblical "Abana"). "Figah" comes from the Greek πηγὴ...
Azariah ben Ephraim Figo (Pigo) (JE |WPGWPG) Preacher at Venice; died at Rovigo 1647. Figo was an excellent scribe, and the scrolls which he wrote are highly prized. He...
Hirsch Filipowski (Phillip) (JE |WPGWPG) Mathematician, linguist, and editor; born at Wirballen, Russia, 1816; died in London, England, July 22, 1872. At an early...
Finance (JE |WPGWPG) the supplying of capital for large undertakings, a characteristic of modern forms of commerce. As distinguished from the more...
Raphael Finckenstein [sv] (JE |WPGWPG) German physician and poet; born at Breslau Nov. 10, 1828; died there July 31, 1874. He was educated at the gymnasium and the...
Finder of Property (JE |WPGWPG) in law he who finds and takes up lost goods acquires thereby a special ownership as first occupant against all the world excepting...
Fines andForfeiture (JE |WPGWPG) A fine or forfeiture, in the sense either that a sum of money is to be paid, or that the whole or a part of a man's property...
Finger (JE |WPGWPG) One of the digits. In the Bible the term is sometimes used in a figurative sense, denoting power, direction, or immediate...
Finland (JE |WPGWPG) Russian grand duchy; formerly part of Sweden. It has a small Jewish population, which finds itself in a somewhat peculiar...
Julius Finn (JE |WPGWPG) Russian - American chess-player; born April 28, 1871, at Vladislavovo, government of Suwalki, Russian Poland; emigrated to...
Finta (JE |WPGWPG) A Spanish term signifying a tax which is paid to the government. It is still used—for example, in London by the Spanish...
Finzi (JE |WPGWPG) An ancient Italian family, which probably derived its name from "Pinechas," through the Latin "Finea." the remotest known...
Felice Finzi [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Italian Assyriologist; born at Correggio, 1847; died at Florence, 1872. While studying law at the University of Bologna he...
Giuseppe Finzi (JE |WPGWPG) Italian patriot and parliamentarian; born at Rivarolo Fuori, province of Mantua, 1815; died Dec. 17, 1886. He studied at Padua...
Giuseppe Finzi (JE |WPGWPG) Italian scholar and poet; born at Busseto Nov. 12, 1852. He has filled the chair of Italian literature in various gymnasia...
Moses Finzi (JE |WPGWPG) Italian lawyer; born at Florence in 1830. He studied law at Pisa, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. For some years he was...
Solomon Fiorentino [it;de] (JE |WPGWPG) Italian poet; born at Monte San Savino, Tuscany, March 4, 1743; died at Florence Feb. 4, 1815. He studied at Sienna, where...
Jeremiah David Alexander Fiorino [de;ru] (JE |WPGWPG) German miniature-painter; born at Cassel Feb. 20, 1796 (according to the catalogue of the Dresden Gallery, 1793); died at...
Fir (JE |WPGWPG) the usual Authoized Version rendering of (once of the North-Palestinian pronunciation). In the Revised Version "cypress"...
Fire (JE |WPGWPG) the ordinary process of combustion, for which the Hebrew generally has , in Daniel (Aramaic) , and, with reference to the...
Redemption of First-born (JE |WPGWPG) According to Talmudic tradition, the first-born acted as officiating priests in the wilderness, until the erection of the...
First-fruits (JE |WPGWPG) As the firstling among the cattle, so the first-fruits of the field ("reshit," "Cheleb" [LXX. ἀπαρ...
Eliezer ben Isaac Fischel (JE |WPGWPG) Russian Talmudist and cabalist; lived at Strizhov (Strizhovka) in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He was the author...
A Fischell (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbi and historian; lived in the city of New York in the middle of the nineteenth century. He was for some time an assistant...
Meïr Fischels [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian Talmudist, died at Prague, Dec. 16, 1769. He was called "Fischels" as the son of Ephraim Fischel of Bunzlau, while...
Bernard Fischer (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian rabbi and author; born at Budikau, a village in the district of Chrudim, Bohemia, Jan. 12, 1821; graduated from the...
Karl Fischer (JE |WPGWPG) Christian censor of Hebrew books in Prague; born in Lichtenstadt, Bohemia, July 5, 1755; died at Prague Jan. 22, 1844. He...
Marcus (Maier) Fischer (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian Hebraist; born in Vienna 1783; died at Prague May 22, 1853; son of Moses Fischer, rabbi of the Jewish community of...
Moritz von FischerJE (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian porcelain-manufacturer; born at Totis, Hungary, 1800; died there Feb. 25, 1900. He rendered distinguished service...
Moses Fischer (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian rabbi; born at Prague about 1756; died at Eisenstadt, Hungary, about 1833; son of the wealthy Talmudic scholar Meï...
Nicolaus Wolfgang Fischer (JE |WPGWPG) Physician and chemist; born Jan. 15, 1782, in Great Meseritz, Moravia; died Aug. 19, 1850, in Breslau. He studied at the universities...
Adolf FischhofJE (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian writer and politician; born at Alt-Ofen, Hungary, Dec. 8, 1816; died at Emmersdorf, near Klagenfurth, Carinthia,...
Joseph Fischhof (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian pianist and composer; uncle of Robert Fischhof; born April 4, 1804, at Butschowitz in Moravia; died at Vienna June...
Robert Fischhof (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian musician; born in Vienna Oct. 31, 1857. When only seven years old Robert Fischhof played in public. He studied at...
Nahman Isaac Fischmann (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian author; died in 1873. His home was in Lemberg. He wrote: "Eshkol 'Anabim," a collection of Hebrew poems (Lemberg...
Fiscus Judaicus (JE |WPGWPG) the yearly Temple tax of half a shekel prescribed by the Law (Ex. xxx. 13; compare Shek. i. 1), and which the Jews of...
Fish andFishing (JE |WPGWPG) the Bible does not mention any particular fish by name. "Dag" and "nun" are the generic terms covering all species, thus designated...
Maurice Fishberg (JE |WPGWPG) American physician; anthropologist; born Aug. 16, 1872, at Kamenetz, Podolsk, Russia; educated at the public school of his...
Fiume (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian free city and Adriatic seaport, with a Jewish population in 1901 of about 2,000. That there were Jews at Fiume in...
Fixtures (JE |WPGWPG) Things fastened to the ground, directly or indirectly. Doubt may arise with regard to them, whether or not they become in...
Flaccus (JE |WPGWPG) Governor of Egypt; enemy and persecutor of the Jews of Alexandria, for which reason Philo, in 42 C. E., directed a special...
L Pomponius Flaccus (JE |WPGWPG) Roman governor of Syria (32-35?); no particulars concerning his life are known. When Agrippa (afterward King Agrippa I.),...
L Valerius Flaccus (JE |WPGWPG) Proconsul of Asia Minor in 62-61 B.C. He is notorious in the history of the Jews for having seized for the public treasury...
Flag (JE |WPGWPG) A standard or banner having a certain color, emblem, and sometimes an inscription, and carried before a marching army to distinguish...
Theodor Simon Flatau (JE |WPGWPG) German physician; born at Lyck, province of East Prussia, June 4, 1860. He received his education at the gymnasium of his...
Flattery (JE |WPGWPG) Insincere, obsequious, or venal praise. Flattery is condemned by Jewish moralists as an offense against sincerity (Ps. xii...
Flavia Domitilla (JE |WPGWPG) Convert to Judaism and martyr at Rome. An early branch of the imperial Flavian house was at one time inclined toward Judaism...
Flavius Eborensis [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Poet; born at Evora, Portugal, April 4, 1517; died at Ragusa, Sicily, 1607. He belonged to the Adumim, an old Spanish family...
Flavius (Raimundus) MithridatesJE (JE |WPGWPG) Italian scholar; flourished at Rome in the second half of the fifteenth century. His Jewish name is unknown. About 1486 he...
Flax (JE |WPGWPG) the principal species of the natural order Linaceæ which includes more than fifty other species. The culture of flax...
Johann Friedrich Ferdinand Fleck [de;fr] (JE |WPGWPG) German actor; born at Breslau 1757; died in Berlin Dec. 20,1801. He made his début in 1777, at Leipsic, where he remained...
Fleckeles (JE |WPGWPG) One of the oldest Jewish families in Prague; probably "Falkeles" originally, from "Falk," a common name among Jews of the...
Eleazar ben David Fleckeles (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian rabbi and author; born in Prague Aug. 26, 1754; died there April 27, 1826. He was the pupil of Moses Cohen Rofe,...
Max Fleischer (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian architect; born in Prossnitz, Moravia, March 29, 1841. After graduating from the polytechnic high school of Vienna...
Ernst Fleischl von Marxow (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian physician; born at Vienna Aug. 5, 1846; died there Oct. 22, 1891. He received his education at the universities of...
Julius Fleischmann (JE |WPGWPG) American merchant; mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio; born at Riverside, Ohio, June 8, 1872. Fleischmann was a member of the staff...
Abraham Flesch [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbi in Vienna at the beginning of the seventeenth century. According to G. Wolf, he is identical with Abraham Austerlitz...
Joseph Flesch (JE |WPGWPG) German merchant; born in Rausnitz, Moravia; died there Dec. 17, 1839. Flesch wrote excellent Hebrew, was a collaborator of...
Flesh (JE |WPGWPG) the soft portions of the animal body, internally connected with the skeleton of bones and externally enclosed by the skin...
Simon Flexner (JE |WPGWPG) American physician and pathologist; born at Louisville, Kentucky, March 25, 1863. He received the degree of doctor of medicine...
D. I. Flisfeder [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Russian physician and scholar; born about 1850; died in 1885 at Kishinev, where he had settled a few years previously. Flisfeder...
Hayyim Samuel Florentin (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbi of Salonica; lived in the seventeenth century. He was the author of a work entitled "Me'il Shemuel" (Salonica, 1725)...
Samuel ben David Florentin (JE |WPGWPG) Rabbi of Salonica in the eighteenth century. He was a nephew of Ḥayyim Samuel Florentin. He wrote: "Bet ha-Ro'eh...
Solomon ben Samuel Florentin (JE |WPGWPG) Turkish Talmudist; lived at Salonica in the seventeenth century. He wrote "Doresh Mishpaṭ," a collection from the marginal...
Florida (JE |WPGWPG) the most southern of the United States of America, forming a peninsula washed on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and on the...
Gessius Florus (JE |WPGWPG) Last procurator of Judea (64-66). Florus was notorious for his cruelty and rapacity, and was so much detested by the Jews...
Flour (JE |WPGWPG) the finely ground substance of any cereal. The earliest and most simple way of crushing grain consisted in pounding it in...
Fly (JE |WPGWPG) A two-winged insect, especially the common house-fly (Musca domestica). It is referred to in Eccl. x. 1: "Dead flies cause...
Foa (JE |WPGWPG) French family; migrated from Italy in the eighteenth century. One branch of the family has been authorized to assume the name...
Eliezer Nahman Foa [he] (JE |WPGWPG) Italian rabbi and author; died in Reggio after 1641. He was a pupil of R. Moses Isserles, and possessed an extensive knowledge...
Esther-Eugénie Foa (JE |WPGWPG) French authoress; born at Bordeaux 1795; died in Paris 1853. She was famous for her beauty. Under the nom de plume "Maria...
Pio Foà [it;nl] (JE |WPGWPG) Italian pathologist; born at Sabbionetta Jan. 26, 1848. He attended the lyceum at Milan; studied medicine at Pavia, and took...
Anton Fochs (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian philanthropist; died in Budapest May 31 1874. A few years before his death he sent an anonymous letter to the administration...
Armin Fodor [hu;he] (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian jurist; born at Nagy Mihály Jan. 27, 1862; studied law at Budapest, was admitted to the bar in 1886, and was...
Baruch Benedict Foges [cs] (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian author; born at Prague June 28, 1805; died Aug. 23, 1890, in Karolinenthal, a suburb of Prague, where he was principal...
Hananel di Foligno (JE |WPGWPG) Jewish convert to Christianity; lived at Rome in the sixteenth century. He made himself notorious by his slanderous attacks...
Folk-lore (JE |WPGWPG) the science dealing with those institutions, customs, literature, and beliefs of the folk or uncultured people that can not...
Folk-medicine (JE |WPGWPG) the ideas and remedies common among uncultured people with regard to the prevention and cure of diseases. They are found among...
Folk-songs (JE |WPGWPG) Songs or ballads originating and current among the common people, and illustrating the common life. Jewish folk-songs exist...
Folk-tales (JE |WPGWPG) Stories usually containing incidents of a superhuman character, and spread among the folk either by traditions from their...
Folly andFool (JE |WPGWPG) According to the Jewish conception, folly is the antithesis of morality and piety (Prov. xiii. 19; Job xxviii. 28), as well...
Hans Folz (JE |WPGWPG) German playwright and physician of the fifteenth century; said to have been bornin Worms. He is mentioned as "Hans Falz zu...
De Fonseca (Fonsequa) (JE |WPGWPG) Jewish-Portuguese family of Amsterdam, Hamburg, London, southern France, and America. Abraham de Fonseca: Died at Hamburg...
Fontainebleau (JE |WPGWPG) French town in the department of Seine-et-Marne. The nucleus of the community was formed about 1787. The oldest document relating...
Foreign Attachment (JE |WPGWPG) in modern law, the seizure of a debtor's property in a jurisdiction within which the debtor himself can not be found,...
Forest (JE |WPGWPG) in the English versions the word "forest" is employed for the rendering of four different Hebrew words: (1) "ya'ar," which...
Forgery (JE |WPGWPG) the act of falsely making or materially altering, with intent to defraud, any writing which, if genuine, might be of legal...
Forgiveness (JE |WPGWPG) Forgiveness is one of the attributes ascribed to Yhwh: "to the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiveness" (Dan. ix. 9; comp...
Forli (JE |WPGWPG) City in the Romagna, Italy. It is mentioned for the first time in connection with Jewish history by Hillel of Verona, who...
Zaddik ben Joseph Formon [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Turkish Talmudist and translator of the middle of the sixteenth century. He translated Bachya's "Ḥobot ha-Lebabot"...
Solomon FormstecherJE (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born at Offenbach July 28, 1808; died there April 24, 1889. After graduating (Ph.D. 1831) from the Giessen University...
Fornaraki Affair (JE |WPGWPG) Accusation of ritual murder which was made in Egypt in 1881, and which agitated the European press for nine months. On May...
Fornication (JE |WPGWPG) Cohabitation between a man, married or unmarried, and an unmarried woman. While the common law speaks of intercourse between...
Anna Forstenheim (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian writer and poetess; born at Agram Sept. 21, 1846; died at Vienna Oct. 19, 1889. She went to Vienna in 1867, and founded...
Hortensius (Johanan) Hazak Forti (JE |WPGWPG) Jewish convert to Christianity; lived in the sixteenth century; born at Gorima, and settled at Prague under Maximilian II...
Leone Fortis [it] (JE |WPGWPG) Italian critic, journalist, and dramatist; born at Triest Oct. 5, 1828; died at Milan 1895. He was baptized while a child...
Fortress (JE |WPGWPG) A permanent fort or fortified place. The Israelites, when advancing into the country west of the Jordan, found a considerable...
The Number Forty (JE |WPGWPG) in the Bible, next to the number seven, the number forty occurs most frequently. In Talmudical literature it is often met...
Achille Fould (JE |WPGWPG) French statesman and financier; born at Paris Nov. 17, 1800; died at Tarbes Oct. 5, 1867. The son of a wealthy banker, he...
Benoit Fould (JE |WPGWPG) French politician; born at Paris Nov. 21, 1792; died there July 28, 1858. In 1827 he was nominated judge of the tribunal of...
Édouard Mathurin Fould [fr] (JE |WPGWPG) French politician; born at Paris Dec. 18, 1834; died at Moulins April 8, 1881. On June 1, 1863, he was elected deputy for...
Gustave Eugène Fould [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) French politician and author; born at Paris Feb. 19, 1836; died at Asnières Aug. 27, 1884. On June 6, 1869, he was elected...
Foundling (JE |WPGWPG) A deserted child whose parents are unknown. The question as to the status of such a child in the Jewish community was chiefly...
Fountain (JE |WPGWPG) A natural spring of water. Although Palestine as a whole is scantily supplied with water, it has a number of fountains. These...
Fox (JE |WPGWPG) There are at present two species of fox inhabiting Palestine: the Canis flavescens, found in the north, and the C. niloticus...
Foy (JE |WPGWPG) Branch of the family Foa, settled in the southwest of France since the middle of the eighteenth century. Special mention may...
Fraga (JE |WPGWPG) City in Aragon. In 1328 Alfonso IV. confirmed all the privileges which the Moncadas had granted to the Jews of Fraga. Four...
France>>History of the Jews in FranceJE (JE |WPGWPG) Country forming the most westerly part of Central Europe. Church Laws Against Jews.—Roman-Gallic Epoch: the banishment...
Immanuel ben David FrancesJE (JE |WPGWPG) Italian poet and rabbinical scholar; born in Mantua July 22, 1618 (?); died at Leghorn after 1703. He received his instruction...
Jacob ben David Frances [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Italian scholar and poet; born at Mantua in 1615; died at Florence in 1667. After having been thoroughly grounded in the Talmud...
Joseph Frances (JE |WPGWPG) Spanish scholar; lived at Ferrara, Italy, about the middle of the sixteenth century. He was the author of a commentary to...
Franche-Comté (JE |WPGWPG) Ancient province of France, also called "Haute-Bourgogne" or "Comté de, Bourgogne"; now divided into the departments...
Augusto Franchetti [it;ru] (JE |WPGWPG) Italian lawyer and historian; born at Florence July 10, 1840; attended the lycée at Marseilles; studied law at Pisa,...
Leopoldo, Baron Franchetti (JE |WPGWPG) Italian deputy; born at Florence in 1847; studied law at Pisa. In company with Deputy Sidney Sonnino he undertook a journey...
Guglielmo Dei Franchi (JE |WPGWPG) Jewish convert to Christianity; born at Rome; died there about 1600. Embracing Christianity, he joined the monastic order...
Francia (JE |WPGWPG) A family of Spanish descent, whose arms, according to D'Hozier, were: Argent, a crown bearing the letters "G. F. R." sable...
Francia de Beaufleury [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) A Jew of Spanish descent, who went to Bordeaux, probably from London, about 1760. He is the author of various works, among...
Adolphe Franck (JE |WPGWPG) French philosopher; born at Liocourt, department of the Meurthe, Oct. 9, 1809; died at Paris April 11, 1893. Destined for...
Franco (JE |WPGWPG) A Jewish family which derived its name from a place near Navarre, Spain. There were Francos at Amsterdam, Venice, Tunis, Constantinople...
Isaac Asher Francolm [de] (JE |WPGWPG) German preacher and religious teacher; born at Breslau Dec. 15, 1788; died there July 1, 1849; Ph.D., Leipsic, 1817. After...
Hayyim Frangi [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Turkish rabbinical author; born in 1833 at Constantinople; died there in 1903. He has published two Hebrew works: "Yismaḥ...
Bär b. Gershon Fränk [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian scholar; born in Presburg about 1777; died there on the second day of the Feast of Weeks, 1845. He was shoḥ...
Jacob Frank and theFrankists (JE |WPGWPG) the Frankists were a semi-Christian religious organization which came into being among the Jews of Poland about the middle...
Kathi Frank [sk] (Katharina Frankl) (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian actress; born at Bösing, near Presburg, Oct. 11, 1852. She appeared for the first time at the Viktoria Theater...
Mendel Frank (JE |WPGWPG) Polish rabbi of the first half of the sixteenth century. He was at first rabbi of Posen, and a decision rendered by him there...
Nathan Frank (JE |WPGWPG) American lawyer; member of the national House of Representatives; born in Peoria, Illinois, Feb. 23, 1852; educated in the...
Julia Frankau (JE |WPGWPG) British author and novelist; born in Dublin, Ireland, July 30, 1864. Julia Frankau was educated by Madame Paul Lafargue, daughter...
Fränkel (Frankel) (JE |WPGWPG) A family of scholars and Talmudists, the earliest known member of which was Koppel Fränkel (1650), the richest Viennese...
Albert FränkelJE (JE |WPGWPG) German physician; born March 10, 1848, at Frankfort-on-the-Oder. He received his education at the gymnasium of his native...
Alexander Fränkel (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian physician; born at Vienna Nov. 9, 1857. After attending the gymnasium and university of that city, he received the...
Benjamin Fränkel [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Russian scholar; lived at Warsaw in the first half of the nineteenth century. He traveled in Germany and England. He published...
David ben Naphtali FränkelJE (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born at Berlin about 1704; died there April 4, 1762. For a time he was rabbi of Dessau, and became chief rabbi...
Elkan Fränkel [de;fr] (JE |WPGWPG) Court Jew (1703-12) to the margrave William Frederic of Brandenburg-Ansbach; died in the state prison of Wülzburg, near...
Ernst FränkelJE (JE |WPGWPG) German physician; born at Breslau May 5, 1844; studied medicine at the universities of Berlin, Vienna, and Breslau (M.D. 1866)...
Gabriel Fränkel (JE |WPGWPG) Court Jew of the margraves of Ansbach about 1700. He was very influential at court, and highly esteemed by the Jews of the...
Hirsch Fränkel (JE |WPGWPG) Chief rabbi in the margravate of Ausbach, with residence at Schwabach, 1709-13; died in prison 1723. He was a brother of Elkan...
Jonas FränkelJE (JE |WPGWPG) German banker and philanthropist; son of Joel Wolf, grandson of David Fränkel, the author of "Ḳorban 'Edah"...
Ludwig Fränkel [de] (JE |WPGWPG) German writer; born at Leipsic Jan. 24, 1868. He studied at the universities of Leipsic and Berlin, and in England, receiving...
Ludwig F. Fränkel [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) German physician; born May 23, 1806, at Berlin; died there July 6, 1872. He received his education at the University of Berlin...
Moses ben Abraham Fränkel (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; father of David Fränkel; born at Berlin June 30, 1739; died at Dessau Feb. 20, 1812. In 1787 he settled...
Seckel Isaac Fränkel (JE |WPGWPG) German banker; born at Parchim, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Jan. 14, 1765; died at Hamburg June 4, 1835.He acquired by private study...
Sigmund Fränkel (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian physician and chemist; born at Cracow May 22, 1868. After completing his course at the gymnasium of Gratz (Styria)...
Simon Wolf Fränkel (Frankel-spira) (JE |WPGWPG) Head of the Jewish community in Prague for two decades beginning May 20, 1724, and a stanch defender of his oppressed coreligionists...
Wolfgang Bernhard Fränkel (JE |WPGWPG) German physician; born at Bonn Nov. 11, 1795; died at Elberfeld March 5, 1851. He took an active part in the campaigns of...
Zecharias FrankelJE (JE |WPGWPG) German theologian; born at Prague Sept. 30, 1801; died at Breslau Feb. 13, 1875. Frankel was the founder and the most eminent...
Abraham von Frankenberg (JE |WPGWPG) German mystic of the seventeenth century; friend and correspondent of Manasseh ben Israel. He was a nobleman and the most...
Wolf Frankenburger [de] (JE |WPGWPG) German deputy; born at Obbach, Bavaria, June 8, 1827; died at Nuremberg July 18, 1889. While a student at Würzburg he...
Moritz Ludwig Frankenheim (JE |WPGWPG) German physicist; born in Brunswick June 29, 1801; died in Dresden Jan. 14, 1869; educated at the gymnasia of Wolfenbü...
Adolph L. Frankenthal (JE |WPGWPG) United States consul at Bern, Switzerland; born July 1, 1851, at Lübeck, Germany. Frankenthal was educated at the public...
Frankfort-on-the-Oder (JE |WPGWPG) Chief town of a district of the same name in the Prussian province of Brandenburg, and situated on the left bank of the River...
Akiva ben Jacob Frankfurt (JE |WPGWPG) German preacher and author; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main 1597. He was the son-in-law of R. Simeon Guenzburg of Frankfort...
Bernhard Frankfurter (JE |WPGWPG) German teacher and writer; son of Rabbi Moses Frankfurter; born at Herdorf March 15, 1801; died Aug. 13, 1867. In 1822 he...
Moses ben Simon Frankfurter [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Dayyan and printer of Amsterdam; born 1672; died 1762. It appears from his epitaph (Mælder, "Jets over de Bergraafplaatsen...
Naphtali Frankfurter [de] (JE |WPGWPG) German preacher; brother of Bernhard Frankfurter; born at Oberdorf Feb. 13, 1810; died April 13, 1866; studied at the universities...
Simon ben Israel Frankfurter (JE |WPGWPG) Dutch rabbinical scholar; father of Moses Frank, furter; born at Schwerin, Germany; died at Amsterdam Dec. 9, 1712. He was...
Solomon Frankfurter [de;it] (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian librarian and archeologist; born at Presburg, Hungary, Nov. 9, 1856. He studied at Vienna (Ph.D., 1883) and Berlin...
Otto Frankl [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian jurist; born in Prague Oct. 4, 1855; studied at the universities of Prague, Göttingen, and Leipsic; made privat-docent...
Pinkus Friedrich Frankl (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born at Ungarisch-Brod, Moravia, Jan., 1848; died at Johannisbad Aug. 22, 1887. After attending the yeshibah...
Adolf Frankl-Grün [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian rabbi; born at Ungarisch-Brod, Moravia, Jan. 21, 1847. He received his education at the schools of his native town...
Benjamin A. Franklin (JE |WPGWPG) Jamaica merchant; born at Manchester, England, 1811; died at Kingston, Jamaica, April 26, 1888. He went to the island about...
Fabian Franklin (JE |WPGWPG) American mathematician, editor, and author; born in Eger, Hungary, Jan. 18, 1853; son of Morris Joshua and Sarah Heilprin...
Jacob Abraham Franklin [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) English journalist and philanthropist; born at Portsmouth 1809; died Aug. 3, 1877. On his retirement from business he went...
Franks (JE |WPGWPG) American Jewish family which included a number of officers of some distinction engaged on both sides in the American Revolutionary...
Karl Emil Franzos (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian author; born Oct. 25, 1848, in the Russian government of Podolia. His childhood was spent at Czortkow, Galicia, the...
Frat MaimonJE (JE |WPGWPG) Provençal scholar; flourished in the second half of the fourteenth century. The name "Frat" is, according to Neubauer...
Fraternities (JE |WPGWPG) Societies for mutual benefit. If it be true that "the origin of the friendly society is probably in all countries the burial...
Fraud andMistake (JE |WPGWPG) Where in a transaction one of the parties loses by the fraud, i.e., the misrepresentation, of the other, or by his suppression...
Frauenschul [he;yi] (JE |WPGWPG) That part of the synagogue which is reserved for women, whether an annex, as in the Altneuschul of Prague and in the synagogue...
Christian Martin Julius FrauenstädtJE (JE |WPGWPG) German student of philosophy; born at Bojanowo, Posen, April 17, 1813; died at Berlin Jan. 13, 1879. He was educated at the...
Max Frauenthal (JE |WPGWPG) American soldier; born at Marienthal, Rheinpfalz, Bavaria, in 1836; emigrated to America in 1851; lived for a time in Texas...
Frederick II (JE |WPGWPG) King of Prussia; born 1712; reigned from 1740 till his death in 1786. He was not friendly to the Jews, although he issued...
Freemasonry (JE |WPGWPG) the institutions, rites, and principles of a secret society devoted to the promotion of fraternal feeling and morality among...
Free Will (JE |WPGWPG) the doctrine that volition is self-originating and unpredictable. That man is free to choose between certain courses of conduct...
Free-will offering ((redirects toSlaughter offeringJE)) (JE |WPGWPG) A term applied to gifts presented out of the benevolence or religious impulse of heart of the giver, and not in fulfilment...
Abraham Solomon Freidus (JE |WPGWPG) Bibliographer; born in Riga, Russia, May 1, 1867. He went to Paris in 1886, and thence to the United States in the autumn...
J B Freiheim (JE |WPGWPG) American lawyer and soldier; born in Bavaria 1848; died at Camden, Ark., Aug. 22, 1899. Freiheim was an early Jewish resident...
Aaron Freimann (JE |WPGWPG) German librarian and historian; born Aug. 5, 1871, at Filehne, Posen. He is the son of Israel Meïr Freimann, and grandson...
Israel Meïr Freimann (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born Sept. 27, 1830, at Cracow; died Aug. 21, 1884, at Ostrowo, He received his education from his father and...
Israel Frenkel (JE |WPGWPG) Russian Hebraist and teacher; born at Radom, Russian Poland, Sept. 18, 1853. He was a pupil in Talmudic literature of Samuel...
Israel Frenkel (JE |WPGWPG) Russian physician; born at Rypin, government of Plotzk, June 29, 1857. At the age of twelve he had received only a religious...
Solomon FrensdorffJE (JE |WPGWPG) German Hebraist; born at Hamburg Feb. 24, 1803; died at Hanover March 23, 1880. While pursuing his studies at the Johanneum...
David Fresco [he] (JE |WPGWPG) Turkish writer; descendant of Spanish exiles; born at Constantinople about 1850. He edited successively five Judæo-Spanish...
Moses Fresco [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Turkish Talmudist; born at Constantinople 1780; died there 1850. He succeeded Samuel Ḥayyim as Chakam bashi (chief...
Sigmund Freud (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian physician; born May 6, 1856, at Freiberg in Moravia. He received his education at the University of Vienna, where...
Berthold Freudenthal [de] (JE |WPGWPG) Professor of law at the Academy of Frankfort-on-the-Main; born at Breslau, Aug. 23, 1872; son of Jacob Freudenthal. Freudenthal...
Jacob FreudenthalJE (JE |WPGWPG) German philosopher; born June 20, 1839, at Bodenfelde, province of Hanover, Prussia. Freudenthal received his education at...
Ernst Freund (JE |WPGWPG) American jurist; born in New York Jan. 30, 1864; attended gymnasia at Dresden and Frankfort-on-the-Main, and the universities...
Ernst Freund (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian physician; born at Vienna Dec. 15, 1863; educated at the University of Vienna, whence he was graduated as M.D. in...
Wilhelm Freund (JE |WPGWPG) German philologist and lexicographer; born Jan. 27, 1806, at Kempen, province of Posen; died June 4, 1894, at Breslau. He...
Wilhelm Alexander Freund (JE |WPGWPG) German gynecologist; born at Krappitz, Silesia, Aug. 26, 1833. He studied medicine at the University of Breslau, where he...
Friars (JE |WPGWPG) Before the institution of the mendicant friars the monastic orders did not play a prominent part in Jewish persecutions. The...
Bernard Friedberg (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian Hebraist; born at Cracow Dec. 19, 1876. Besides numerous contributions to Hebrew and other periodicals, he has published...
Heinrich von FriedbergJE (JE |WPGWPG) German statesman; born at Mürkisch-Friedland, West Prussia, Jan. 27, 1813; died at Berlin June 2, 1895. Friedberg studied...
Hermann FriedbergJE (JE |WPGWPG) German physician, born at Rosenberg, Silesia, July 5, 1817; died at Breslau March 2, 1884. He studied at the universities...
Karl Rudolph FriedenthalJE (JE |WPGWPG) Prussian statesman; born in Breslau Sept. 15, 1827; died on his estate, Giesmannsdorf, near Neisse, March 7, 1890. He was...
Markus Bär FriedenthalJE (JE |WPGWPG) German banker and scholar; born in 1779; died at Breslau Dec. 3, 1859. Although one of the leading bankers at Breslau, he...
Friedenwald (JE |WPGWPG) An American Jewish family, established in Baltimore, Md., by Jonas Friedenwald. His children were Bernard Stern, stepson (1820-73)...
Heinrich Friedjung (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian journalist and author, born at Rostschin, Moravia, Jan. 18, 1851; studied at Prague, Berlin, and Vienna (Ph.D.)....
Friedland (JE |WPGWPG) A family which came presumably from Friedland in the German duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (or perhaps from the Bohemian town...
Moses Aryeh Löb Friedland [ru] (JE |WPGWPG) Russian philanthropist; born at Dünaburg, government of Vitebsk, Jan. 8, 1826; died at St. Petersburg Nov. 21, 1899....
Camilla Friedländer (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian painter; born in Vienna Dec. 10, 1856; daughter and pupil of Friedrich Friedländer. She has devoted herself...
Dagobert Friedländer (JE |WPGWPG) Member of the Prussian Upper House; born in Kolmar, Posen, Feb. 19, 1826. From 1846 to 1857 he conducted a book business in...
David FriedländerJE (JE |WPGWPG) German writer and communal leader; born at Königsberg Dec. 6, 1750; died Dec. 25, 1834, at Berlin, where he had settled...
Friedrich FriedländerJE (JE |WPGWPG) Genre painter; born Jan. 10, 1825, at Kohljanowitz, Bohemia. He studied at the Vienna Academy, and later under Professor Waldmü...
Joseph Abraham Friedländer [de] (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born at Kolin, Bohemia, 1753; died at Brilon, Westphalia, Nov. 26, 1852. He was the nephew of David Friedlä...
Julius FriedländerJE (JE |WPGWPG) German numismatist; born in Berlin June 25, 1813; died there April 4, 1884. After studying at the universities of Bonn and...
Ludwig FriedländerJE (JE |WPGWPG) German philologist; born at Königsberg July 16, 1824. He studied at the universites of Königsberg and Leipsic from...
Ludwig Hermann Friedländer [it] (JE |WPGWPG) German physician; born April 20, 1790, at Königsberg, Prussia; died 1851 at Halle, Saxony. He entered the Königsberg...
Max FriedländerJE (JE |WPGWPG) Journalist; born June 18, 1829, at Pless, Prussian Silesia; died April 20, 1872, at Nice. After studying law at the universities...
Max FriedländerJE (JE |WPGWPG) German writer on music and bass concert-singer; born in Brieg, Silesia, Oct. 12, 1852. A pupil of Manuel Garcia (London) and...
Michael FriedländerJE (JE |WPGWPG) Principal of Jews' College, London; born at Jutroschin, Prussia, April 29, 1833. He studied at the universities of Berlin...
Moritz Friedländer (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian theologian; born in Bur Szt. Georgen, Hungary, 1842; now (1903) residing in Vienna. He was educated at the University...
Solomon Friedländer [de] (JE |WPGWPG) Preacher and physician; born at Brilon, Westphalia, Oct. 23, 1825; died in Chicago Aug. 22, 1860. He studied in Bonn and Heidelberg...
Aaron Zebi Friedman [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Shocheṭ: born in Stavisk, Poland, March 22, 1822; died in New York city May 17, 1876. At the age of seventeen Friedman...
Löb Behr (Aryeh Dob) Friedman [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Author and pedagogue; born in 1865 at Suwalki, Russian Poland. He was educated at Boskowitz, Moravia, afterward removing to...
Alfred Friedmann [de] (JE |WPGWPG) German poet and author; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Oct. 26, 1845. Brought up as a goldsmith, he renounced that occupation...
Bernát FriedmannJE (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian jurist and criminal lawyer; born in Grosswardein Oct. 10, 1843; studied law at the "Rechtsakademie" there and at...
Meïr ben Jeremiah Friedmann (Ish Shalom)JE (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian scholar; born at Kraszna, in the district of Kashau, Hungary, July 10, 1831. At the age of thirteen he entered the...
Moritz Friedmann [hu;he] (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian cantor; born in Hrabócz, Hungary, March 7, 1823; died in Budapest Aug. 29, 1891. Up to 1848 he filled several...
Paul FriedmannJE (JE |WPGWPG) German philanthropist; born at Berlin in the middle of the nineteenth century. Friedmann is of Jewish descent, and is connected...
Siegwart Friedmann [de;sv] (JE |WPGWPG) German actor; born at Budapest April 25, 1842. He was a pupil of Dawison, who not only educated him for the stage, but took...
David b. Zebi Hirsch FriedrichsfeldJE (JE |WPGWPG) German and Hebrew author; born about 1755 in Berlin; died Feb. 19, 1810, in Amsterdam. In the Prussian capital he absorbed...
Friedrichstadt (JE |WPGWPG) Town in the government of Courland, Russia, with a population (1897) of 5,223, of whom 3,800 were Jews. With the admission...
Friendship (JE |WPGWPG) Personal attachment to an individual due to mutual interests or arising from close intimacy or acquaintance.The historical...
Jakob Friedrich Fries (JE |WPGWPG) Christian writer against the Jews; born at Barby, Saxony, Aug. 23, 1773; died at Jena Aug. 10, 1843. In 1801 Fries lectured...
David ben Meïr Friesenhausen (JE |WPGWPG) Bavarian mathematician; born at Friesenhausen about the middle of the eighteenth century; lived at Berlin, and later at Hunfalu...
Jakob Frim (JE |WPGWPG) Hungarian educator; born in Körmend May 1, 1852. On his return from a prolonged journey abroad, where he had studied...
Fringes (JE |WPGWPG) Threads with a cord of blue entwined, fastened to the four corners of the Arba' Kanfot and the Tallit and pendent...
David ben Saul Frischman (JE |WPGWPG) Russian Hebraist; born in Lodz 1863; now (1903) residing in Warsaw. Frischman began very early to write both poetry and prose...
Frog (JE |WPGWPG) the Hebrew term generally occurs in the plural; twice only in the singular as collective, once with (Ex. viii. 2) and once...
Regina Frohberg (JE |WPGWPG) German writer; born at Berlin Oct. 4, 1783; date of death not known. She was the daughter of a very wealthy merchant by the...
Charles Frohman (JE |WPGWPG) American theatrical manager; born at Sandusky, Ohio, about 1858. He began his theatrical career as advance agent for Haverley'...
Daniel Frohman (JE |WPGWPG) American theatrical manager; brother of Charles Frohman; born at Sandusky, Ohio, 1853. He went to New York city in 1866, and...
Isaac Hayyim Frosoloni [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Italian poet of the eighteenth century; born at Sienna; died at Leghorn 1794. On the completion of his Hebrew and secular...
Israel Dov (Bär) FrumkinJE (JE |WPGWPG) Hebrew author; born in Dubrovna, Russia, Oct. 29, 1850. His father, Alexander Frumkin, when sixty years old emigrated to Jerusalem...
Simone Fubini [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Italian physiologist; born May 26, 1841, in Casale Monferrato, Piedmont; died Sept. 6, 1898, at Turin. After finishing his...
Isidor Fuchs [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Austrian journalist; born in Leipnik, near Biala, Galicia, Sept. 25, 1849. He has been active most of his life in journalism...
Fuel (JE |WPGWPG) Mineral coal was unknown to the ancient Hebrews, who used instead wood, manure, and grass for fuel. Wood was never abundant...
Benjamin Fuenn (JE |WPGWPG) Russian physician; son of Samuel Fuenn; born at Wilna in 1848; died there Aug. 12, 1901. Educated at the rabbinical seminary...
Samuel Joseph FuennJE (JE |WPGWPG) Russian scholar; born at Wilna Sept., 1819; died there Jan. 11, 1891. He received the usual Talmudic education, and also acquired...
Aaron ben Moses Fuld [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) German Talmudist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Dec. 2, 1790; died there Dec. 2, 1847. Being both a man of means and very...
Ludwig Fuld [de] (JE |WPGWPG) German lawyer and juridical author; born at Mayence Dec. 23, 1859. He received his education at the gymnasium of his native...
Fulda (JE |WPGWPG) District town, on the right shore of the River Fulda in the Prussian province Hessen-Cassel. The Jews settled at Fulda at...
Ludwig Fulda (JE |WPGWPG) German author; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main July 15, 1862. He studied German philology and philosophy at the universities...
Nicolas de Oliver y Fullana [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Chartographer; born on the island of Majorca; lived there as "Capitan" or "Cavallero Mallorquin" as late as 1650. On Oct....
Fuller (JE |WPGWPG) A cloth-finisher or -cleaner. The Hebrew term is (Mal. iii. 2) or (II Kings xviii. 17; Isa. vii. 3, xxxvi. 3), denoting...
FulviaJE (JE |WPGWPG) A Roman lady of high station, converted to Judaism through the teachings of a Jew who had sought refuge in Rome to escape...
Isaac Fundam [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) Spanish author and publisher; lived in Amsterdam about 1723. He wrote "Varios y Honestos Entretenimientos en Varios Entremeses...
Fundão (JE |WPGWPG) Chief town in the district of the same name, province of Beira, Portugal. Of the27,000 inhabitants of the entire "conselho"...
Funeral Oration (JE |WPGWPG) the expression of grief over the dead body of a relative or friend in words of lamentation or of praise is of very early origin...
Funeral Rites (JE |WPGWPG) Ceremonies attending the burial of the dead. After the body had been cleansed ("ṭohorah") and placed on the bier (see...
Funes (JE |WPGWPG) Town in Navarre, in the district of Olite; received a fuero (charter) in 1120, containing several clauses in restraint of...
Furnace (JE |WPGWPG) Three kinds of structures or apparatus for baking, smelting, etc., were known to the ancient Hebrews: (1) the oven for baking...
Household Furniture (JE |WPGWPG) in the East the house is not as important as in northern countries, since the climate permits an outdoor life in the widest...
Alexander Fürst [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) German physician; born at Braunsberg April 15, 1844; died in Berlin May 25, 1898. He studied medicine at Königsberg,...
Julius Fürst [de] (JE |WPGWPG) German rabbi; born at Mannheim Nov. 14, 1826; died there Sept. 5, 1899. He received his secular education at the University...
Julius FürstJE (JE |WPGWPG) German Hebraist and Orientalist; born May 12, 1805, at Zerkowo, Prussia, where his father, Jacob, was darshan; died at Leipsic...
Livius Fürst [de] (JE |WPGWPG) German physician; born at Leipsic, May 27, 1840; son of the Orientalist Julius Fürst. Livius Fürst studied at the...
Fürstenfeld (JE |WPGWPG) Town in Styria, Austria. Jews began to settle there in 1278, Rudolph of Habsburg having granted (1277) to its inhabitants...
Jacob Raphael Fürstenthal (JE |WPGWPG) German poet, translator, and Hebrew writer; born in Glogau 1781; died at Breslau Feb. 16, 1855. Fürstenthal's attention...
Abraham Furtado (JE |WPGWPG) French politician; born at London 1756; died at Bordeaux Jan. 29, 1816. His parents were members of a Portuguese Marano family...
Auguste Furtado [Wikidata] (JE |WPGWPG) French banker; born at St. Esprit April 11, 1797; died at Bayonne May 20, 1883. He was a descendant of a Portuguese family...
Cécile Charlotte Furtadoheine (JE |WPGWPG) French philanthropist; born at Paris 1821; died at Rocquencourt (Seine-et-Oise) 1896. Her ancestors on both sides were prominent...
Fürth (JE |WPGWPG) City of Bavaria, Germany. On April 17, 1528, George the Pious, Margrave of Ansbach, permitted two Jews, Perman and Uriel Wolff...
Meyer ben Elhanan Fürth (JE |WPGWPG) German writer and teacher, who belonged only in a restricted sense to the school of the Meassefim, for he was a conservative...
