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Thewhite genocide,white extinction,[1] orwhite replacement conspiracy theory[2][3][4] is awhite nationalist[5][6][7]conspiracy theory that claims there is a deliberate plot (oftenblamed on Jews[5][8]) to cause the extinction ofwhite people throughforced assimilation,[9]mass immigration, or violentgenocide.[10][11][12][13] It purports that this goal is advanced through the promotion ofmiscegenation,[14]interracial marriage, mass non-white immigration,racial integration,low fertility rates,abortion,pornography,[15]LGBTQ identities,[16][17] governmental land-confiscation from whites, organised violence,[9] andeliminationism in majority white countries.[5] Under some theories,Black people,[18] non-whiteHispanics,[19]East Asians,South Asians,Southeast Asians, andArabs[20] are blamed for the secret plot, but usually as more fertile immigrants,[21] invaders,[22] or violent aggressors,[23] rather than as the masterminds.[24] A related, but distinct, conspiracy theory is theGreat Replacement theory.
White genocide is apolitical myth[25][26][18] based onpseudoscience,pseudohistory, andethnic hatred,[27] and is driven by a psychological panic often termed "white extinction anxiety".[28] Objectively, white people are not dying out or facing extermination.[29][30][24] The purpose of the conspiracy theory is to justify a commitment to awhite nationalist agenda[31] insupport of calls to violence.[25][23][22]
The theory was popularized bywhite separatistneo-NaziDavid Lane around 1995, and has been leveraged as propaganda in Europe, North America, South Africa, and Australia. Similar conspiracy theories were prevalent inNazi Germany[32] and have been used in the present day interchangeably with,[33] and as a broader and more extreme version of,Renaud Camus's 2011The Great Replacement, focusing on the white population of France.[34][35] Since the 2019Christchurch andEl Paso shootings, of which the shooters' manifestos decried a "white replacement" and have referenced the concept of "Great Replacement", Camus's conspiracy theory (often called "replacement theory" or "population replacement"),[36] along withBat Ye'or's 2002Eurabia concept[37] andGerd Honsik's resurgent 1970s myth of aKalergi plan,[33] have all been used synonymously with "white genocide" and are increasingly referred to as variations of the conspiracy theory.
In August 2018,United States presidentDonald Trump was accused of endorsing the conspiracy theory in aforeign policy tweet instructing Secretary of StateMike Pompeo to investigate South African "land and farm seizures and expropriations and the large scale killing of farmers",[38][39][40] claiming that the "South African government is now seizing land fromwhite farmers".[41] Unsubstantiated claims that theSouth African farm attacks on farmers disproportionately target whites are a key element of the conspiracy theory,[42][43][44][45][46][47] portrayed in media as a form of gateway or proxy issue to "white genocide" within the wider context of theWestern world.[48][41] The topic of farm seizures in South Africa andZimbabwe has been a rallying cry of white nationalists andalt-right groups[49][50] who use it to justify their vision ofwhite supremacy.[51][41] In 2025, Trump openly claimed there was a white genocide in South Africa.[52]
The idea of a distinct whitehuman race began with German physician and anthropologistJohann Blumenbach, who in 1775 claimed that there were five such races:Caucasian, Mongolian, Malayan, Ethiopian (or Negroid), and American Indian.[53]
The idea of a "replacement" of white people under the guidance of a hostile elite can be further traced back to pre-WWIIantisemitic conspiracy theories which posited the existence of a Jewish plot to destroy Europe through miscegenation, especially inÉdouard Drumont'santisemitic bestsellerLa France juive (1886).[54] Commenting on this resemblance, historianNicolas Lebourg and political scientistJean-Yves Camus suggest thatRenaud Camus's contribution inThe Great Replacement (2011) was to replace the antisemitic elements with aclash of civilizations between Muslims and Europeans.[55] Also in the late 19th century, imperialist politicians invoked thePéril jaune (Yellow Peril) in their negative comparisons of France's low birth-rate and the high birth-rates of Asian countries. From that claim arose an artificial, cultural fear that immigrant-worker Asians soon would "flood" France. This danger supposedly could be successfully countered only by increased fecundity of French women. Then, France would possess enough soldiers to thwart the eventual flood of immigrants from Asia.[56]Maurice Barrès's nationalist writings of that period have also been noted in the ideological genealogy of the "Great Replacement", Barrès contending both in 1889 and in 1900 that a replacement of the native population under the combined effect of immigration and a decline in the birth rate was happening in France.[57][58]
The conspiracy theory had precursors in early 20th-centuryeugenics theories,[59] which were popular in white-majority countries such as Australia and New Zealand, where it was feared that non-white immigrants would eventually supplant the white population.[60]
In 1916, the Americaneugenicist and lawyerMadison Grant wrote a book entitledThe Passing of the Great Race which, while largely ignored when it first appeared, went through four editions, becoming part of popular culture in 1920s America and, in the process, spawned the ideology that the founding-stock of the United States, the so-calledNordic race, were under extinction threats from assimilation with non-whites. Grant wrote of it:
Neither the black, nor the brown, nor the yellow, nor the red will conquer the white in battle. But if the valuable elements in the Nordic race mix with inferior strains or die out through race suicide, then the citadel of civilization will fall for mere lack of defenders.[61]
Grant claimed that the race which "built" America was in danger of extinction unless the US reined in immigration of Jews and others.[62][63][64]
Adolf Hitler wrote to Grant to thank him for writingThe Passing of the Great Race, calling it "my Bible".[65] Incorporating Grant's theory, Nazis employed the conspiracy theory widely as propaganda, as exemplified in a 1934 pamphlet written for the "Research Department for theJewish question" ofWalter Frank's "Reich Institute" with the title "Are the white people dying: the future of the white and the colored peoples in the light of biological statistics".[32] Nazis used the conspiracy theory as a call to arms in a bid to gain power throughcultural hegemony and scapegoating Jews by leveraging long-running historical prejudices.[66][62]
Prior to Nazis coming to power, German eugenicists, including Jewish medical and psychiatric professionals, did consider Jews to be distinct from white Europeans, but not so "degenerate" or unfit as to require anything more than guidance avoiding heritable disease viamarriage counseling and, as early as 1918, screening for Jews wishing to emigrate to Palestine.[67]
The modern conspiracy theory can be traced back to post-war Europeanneo-Nazi circles, especiallyRené Binet's 1950 bookThéorie du Racisme.[68][55][69] The latter influenced French 1960s far-right movements such asEurope-Action, which argued that "systematic race mixing [was] nothing more than a slow genocide".[70][71] In December 1948, Binet's newspaperL'Unité wrote: "We accuse the Zionists and anti-racists of the crime of genocide because they claim to be imposing on us a crossbreeding that would be the death and destruction of our race and civilization".[68]
The term "white genocide" appeared sporadically in theAmerican Nazi Party'sWhite Power newspaper as early as 1972[72] and was used by theWhite Aryan Resistance[73] in the 1970s and 1980s, where it primarily referred tocontraception andabortion. The conspiracy theory was developed by the neo-NaziDavid Lane in hisWhite Genocide Manifesto (c. 1995, origin of the later use of the term),[74][75][76][72] where he made the claim that the government policies of manyWestern countries had the intent of destroyingwhite European culture and making white people an "extinct species".[77] Lane—a founding member of the organizationThe Order—criticizedmiscegenation, abortion,homosexuality, alleged Jewish control of the media, "multi-racial sports", the legal repercussions against those who "resist genocide", and the "Zionist Occupation Government" that he said controls the United States and the other majority-white countries and which encourages "white genocide".[77][78]
Shortly after Lane'sManifesto, theAryan Nations published their 1996Declaration of Independence stating that the Zionist Occupation Government sought "the eradication of the white race and its culture" as "one of its foremost purposes". It accused such Jews of subverting the constitutional rule of law; responsibility for post-Civil WarReconstruction; subverting the monetary system with theFederal Reserve System, confiscating land and property; limiting freedoms of speech, religion, and gun ownership; murdering, kidnapping and imprisoning patriots; abdicating national sovereignty to theUnited Nations; political repression; wasteful bureaucracy; loosening restrictions on immigration and drug trafficking; raising taxes; polluting the environment; commandeering the military, mercenaries, and police; denying Aryan cultural heritage; and inciting immigrant insurrections.[79][80][81][82] Of these accusations, only passage of theFederal Reserve Act, ratification of theCharter of the United Nations, and imprisonment of members of The Order were cited as specific instances.
Another strand developed in Europe in the 1970s by Austrian neo-NaziGerd Honsik, who distorted the early 20th century writings ofRichard von Coudenhove-Kalergi with his invention of theKalergi plan conspiracy theory, which was popularized in a 2005 book.[83][84]
In 1966, Rhodesian Prime MinisterIan Smith was described as having convinced white Rhodesians that their only alternative to his government'sRhodesian Bush War was "dictatorship and white genocide" by communist-backed black nationalist guerrillas.[85][86]
White supremacists are described as being obsessed with the treatment of the formerly dominant white minorities inZimbabwe andSouth Africa by the black majorities where "the diminished stature of whites is presented as an ongoing genocide that must be fought."[86] In particular, the story ofRhodesia, as Zimbabwe was formerly known, ruled by a segregationist government under which most black people were denied the right to vote, holds a particular fascination for white supremacists. Zimbabwe's disastrous economic collapse under the leadership of its second black president,Robert Mugabe, together with the Mugabe government's policies towards the white minority has been cited by white supremacists as evidence of both the inferiority of blacks and a case of genocide against whites.[86] In alt-right and white supremacist groups, there is much nostalgia for Rhodesia, which is seen as a state that fought valiantly for white supremacy in Africa in the 1960–1970s until it was betrayed.[87]
In 2008, the conspiracy theory spread beyond its explicit neo-Nazi and white nationalist origins, to be embraced by the newly foundedalt-right movement. Discussion threads on the white nationalist Internet forumStormfront often center around the theme of white people being subjected to genocidal policies by their governments.[77] The concept has also been popularized by thealt-right andalt-lite movements in the United States.[88][89] The notion of racial purity,homogeneity or "racial hygiene" is an underlying theme of the white genocide discourse and it has been used by people with neo-Nazi andwhite supremacist backgrounds.[90][91]
While individual iterations of the conspiracy theory vary on who is assigned blame,Jewish influence, people who hate whites,[90] andliberal political forces are commonly cited by white supremacists as being the main factors leading to a white genocide.[13][92][93][77] This view is held by prominent figures such asDavid Duke, who cites Jews and "liberal political ideals" as the main causes.[94][77] White nationalist Robert Whitaker, who coined the phrase "anti-racist is acode word for anti-white" in a widely circulated 2006 piece seeking to popularize the white genocide concept online, used "anti-White" to describe those he believed are responsible for the genocide of white people, and continued to view it as a Jewish conspiracy while emphasizing that others also supported the "anti-White" cause.[95][96][97][74] However, the view that Jews are responsible for a white genocide is contested by other white supremacist figures, such asJared Taylor.[98][99][100][101][102]
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Starting with French authorRenaud Camus and his 2011 bookLe Grand Remplacement, theGreat Replacement conspiracy theory focused on a displacement of French whites by predominantly Muslim population from the Middle East and Africa, then turned into a pan-European concept which spread across most major countries' politics on the continent.[103] Despite a common reference to a "genocide" of white peoples and a global plan led by a conspiring power, Camus's theory does not include theantisemitic canard of a Jewish plot. His removal of antisemitism from the original neo-Nazi theory (which has been replaced in the European context withIslamophobia), along with his use of simple catch-all slogans, have been cited as reasons for its broader appeal.[55][104]
The Great Replacement has also been compared with the European Islamophobic strain ofBat Ye'or's 2002Eurabia conspiracy theory,[36] and with ideas expressed by far-right terroristAnders Behring Breivik, the perpetrator of the2011 Norway attacks, in his2083: A European Declaration of Independence manifesto.[37] Since the 2019Christchurch mosque shootings, where the shooter named his manifestoThe Great Replacement, the French-originated phrase has been widely established as synonymous with "white genocide", used by mainstream Western media interchangeably, and deemed largely responsible for the emerging term of "white replacement".[20][4]
By 2017, at theUnite the Right rally inCharlottesville, Virginia, white nationalists were referencing the conspiracy theory as tiki torch-wielding protestors, who yelled "You will not replace us!" and "Jews will not replace us!".[105][106] In response, Camus stated that he did not support Nazis or violence, but that he could understand why white Americans felt angry about being replaced, and that he approved of the sentiment.[107]
"White genocide anxiety",[108] "white displacement anxiety",[109] and the most commonly referred to, "white extinction anxiety" or panic,[28] are said to be a key driving force behind the conspiracy theory and its supporters' adherence to it. The thesis, often cited as an explanation for some sections of white society's resistance toracial diversity,[110] is reported as virtually inseparable from the conspiracy theory itself.[19][111][112]
Former diplomat and scholarAlfredo Toro Hardy, who credits journalistCharles M. Blow with the term "white extinction anxiety", has outlined how "the anxieties related to the changing racial landscape of the United States" were at the heart of the concept, and propelled policies such as the Trump administration's "extreme measures against Southern immigrants".[113] In this regard, Trump has been accused of capitalizing on "white genocide anxiety" with claims that immigration had "changed the fabric of Europe", and empowering his supporters in media, such asLaura Ingraham, to stoke fears of "massive demographic changes" within the US.[108] Science journalistRonald Bailey proposes that Trump is merely "the latestdemagogue to rise to power by stoking white folks' ethnic fears", and that "white extinction panics" have historically occurred in the US each time the foreign-born population reached above 13 percent.[28]
Blow has defined "white extinction anxiety" as the fear that white people will become a minority, stripped oftheir race-based privilege.[114] Analyzing the concept, he examinedPat Buchanan's rhetoric (described by Bailey as a form ofblood and soil mantra);[28] of whether the nations of Europe and North America had the "will and capacity to halt the invasion of the countries" before immigration altered the "political, social, racial, ethnic – character of the country entirely".[28] Addressing Buchanan's arguablyethnic nationalist conclusions that "You cannot stop these sentiments of people who want to live together with their own and they want their borders protected", Blow said, "Make no mistake here, Buchanan is talking about protecting white dominance, white culture, white majorities andwhite power".[112]
Anti-racism activistJane Elliott has suggested that this anxiety, or "Fear of White Genetic Annihilation", is so great that political leaders will resort to any measures in order to prevent the white extinction event that they believe is unfolding, including measures such as theAlabama abortion ban.[115]Anders Behring Breivik's core ideology, and motivations behind his white supremacist attacks, has been described as white extinction anxiety.[116] He had written: "This crisis of mass immigration and sub-replacement fertility is an assault on the European people that, if not combated, will ultimately result in the complete racial and cultural replacement of the European people".
According to professorAlexandra Minna Stern, who has detailed the connection between the conspiracy theory and the anxiety-framed concept, factions of thealt-right are distorting fertility statistics into a "conspiratorial campaign of white extinction" which is being fueled by a looming "white extinction anxiety". She says this phenomenon is driving alt-right strategies such as encouraging couples ofWestern andNorthern European ethnicity to have up to eight children.[111]
The white genocide conspiracy theory has continuously recurred among the far-right in a variety of forms, all centered around a core theme of white populations being replaced, removed, or simply killed.[51]
Far-right andalt-right figures, such as singerSteve Hofmeyr, have claimed that a "white genocide" is taking place inSouth Africa.[117] The South African singer, songwriter, political activist, actor, and TV presenter supports and promotes the conspiracy theory.[34][118][26]The Conversation has credited Hofmeyr with popularizing the concept.[117] In January 2017, media reported that Hofmeyr was set to meet US President-electDonald Trump to discuss "white genocide" in South Africa.[119][120] Hofmeyr later thanked Trump when the latter shared a tweet asking "Secretary of StateMike Pompeo to closely study the South Africa land and farm seizures and expropriations and the large scale killing of farmers".[121]
The manifesto of far-right terroristAnders Behring Breivik, entitled2083: A European Declaration of Independence, devotes an entire section to an alleged "genocide" againstAfrikaners. It also contains several other references to alleged persecution of whites in South Africa and theattacks on white farmers.[117]Mike Cernovich, an American alt-right commentator, has previously stated that "white genocide in South Africa is real".[122] Thesurvivalist group theSuidlanders has claimed credit for internationally publicizing the risks of a race war and ethnic cleansing against whites.[123][51]
Africa Check, afact-checking organisation, rejected these claims as false in 2013: "In fact, whites are less likely to be murdered than any other race group." Africa Check reported that while whites account for nearly 9% of the South African population they represent just 1.8% of murder victims. Lizette Lancaster from theInstitute for Security Studies has said that "Whites are far less likely to be murdered than their black or coloured counterparts."[124][125][126] British journalist Joe Walsh reported that the murder rates in the mainly white suburbs ofJohannesburg were far lower than in the blacktownships of Johannesburg, leading him to conclude: "If there was any kind of genocide being carried out against white people in the country then the safest areas of the continent's most dangerous city would not be predominately white."[50]
South African journalist Lynsey Chutel reported in 2018: "After a peak in 2001/2002, the number of farm attacks—rape, robbery and other forms of violent crime short of murder—has decreased to about half. Similarly, the number of murders on farms peaked in 1997/1998 at 153, but today that number is below 50."[50][127] Chutel stated that although some of the murders of white farmers may indeed beracially motivated, South Africa is a country with a high violent crime rate and white farmers are "isolated and believed to be wealthy".[50][127] In the period July 2017 to July 2018, 47 farmers of all races were killed in South Africa, down from 66 murdered between July 2016 and July 2017.[43] The worst year for farm murders in South Africa was 1998, when 153 farmers were killed. Between April 2016 and March 2017, there were a total of 19,016 murders in South Africa, suggesting that farmers are not especially likely to be killed in South Africa.[43]Gregory Stanton of Genocide Watch has condemned the misuse of his groups' reports of the threat ofpolarization in South Africa to further the idea of "white genocide".[128]
Even mainstream American conservatives who often championed the causes ofRhodesia andapartheid South Africa, seeing both regimes as having supposedly more enlightened policies towards black people than the policy ofintegration in the United States, embraced the variants of the white genocide theory as part of the defense of Rhodesia and South Africa.[129] In 2015, the Canadian journalistJeet Heer wrote: "The idea that whites in America have a natural affinity with white colonialists in Africa did not spring from the neo-Nazi far-right, but rather the conservative movement that coalesced aroundNational Review in the 1950s."[129] In the July 1988 edition ofCommentary, David Roberts, Jr., comparedNelson Mandela toPol Pot and theAfrican National Congress (ANC), the now ruling party in South Africa, to theKhmer Rouge, implying that the ANC would exterminate South African whites if it came to power.[130] Shortly before his death in 2005Samuel T. Francis, the former editor of the conservativeWashington Times, warned about the possibility of a "white genocide" in South Africa.[129]
Simon Roche, an Afrikaner nationalist from South Africa and a spokesman for the survivalist group, theSuidlanders, that exists, in his words, "to prepare a Protestant Christian South African Minority for a coming violent revolution", visited the US in 2017 to promote the thesis that the white minority in South Africa is faced with the threat of ethnic cleansing.[51] Roche stated he went to the US to "raise awareness of and support for the Caucasian Christian conservativevolk [people] of South Africa ... There's a natural affinity with conservative white Americans."[87]
The Afrikaner groupAfriForum's deputy directorErnst Roets has been erroneously linked by Radio 702, which it later apologised for,[131] to false claims of white genocide,[132] and South African government authorization of uncompensated seizures of land from white farmers.[133][unreliable source] Roets' 2018 bookKill the Boer argues that the government is also complicit inattacks on white farmers,[134] and characterizes the events asethnic cleansing.[135] Another South African, Willem Petzer, appeared as a guest onGavin McInnes's podcast, accusing the ANC government of planning genocide.[51]
In a survey conducted byIltalehti, one-third of the voters of the far-rightFinns Party, the second biggest party in parliament, thought that "the European race must be prevented from mixing with darker races, otherwise the European native population will eventually become extinct".[136] Finns Party Minister of the InteriorMari Rantanen wrote that if Finns remain naive on immigration, Finns "will not remain blue-eyed" and shared writings referring to refugees as "parasites".[137][138] Toni Jalonen, at the time deputy-chair of the Finns Party Youth, posted a picture of a black family with the text "Vote for the Finns, so that Finland's future doesn't look like this".[139]
While the Finns Party have brought the white genocide rhetoric into the parliament,[140] it entered politics before them. For example, in the 1990s,Oulu city councillor and former leader ofNordic Realm Party-aligned Patriotic Finnish YouthJouni Lanamäki gained attention with statements that he aims to keep Oulu "a white Nordic city" and the survival of Finns requires "combatting the colored peoples".[141][142][143]
Figures on the right of French politics, such asRenaud Camus, have claimed that a "white genocide" or "Great Replacement" is occurring in France.[144] Camus's definition, which focuses largely on the white Christian population in France, has been used in media interchangeably with white genocide,[33] and described as a narrower, less extreme and more nationally focused version of the broader conspiracy theory.[34][35] Despite his focus on the specificdemographics of France, Camus also believes all Western countries are facing a form of "ethnic and civilizational substitution".[145]
In June 2017, SenatorStéphane Ravier's aide, running as one of theNational Front's candidates, endorsed the conspiracy theory.[146][147] Publishing ablonde girl's photograph with the words "Say no to white genocide" days before the2017 French legislative election, Ravier's assistant gave a political ultimatum "the National Front or the invasion".[148]
The2015 New Year's Eve attacks in Cologne resulted in accusations that the federal government and media were deliberately avoiding public interest reporting on 1,200sexual assaults by thousands of young male Muslim immigrants.[149] Apologies for hesitancy by public television channelZDF strengthened claims of aLügenpresse (lying press) by populist and far-right parties as evidence for widespread conspiracy by German institutions.[150] The unprecedented scale of border crossings during 2015 and 2016 compelled ChancellorAngela Merkel to impose "temporary restrictions" on transit across the border with Austria. The alt-right conspiracy websiteZero Hedge listed statistics on migrant crime in Germany alongside statements from politicians and news articles, presented as "contradictions confirming a deep-state level of conspiracy ... to push through a pro-immigration policy in Germany". During the 2017 German election campaign, the far-rightAlternative for Germany party ran advertisements featuring a pregnant woman's abdomen with the slogan, "New Germans? We'll make them ourselves".[83] Events like the 2015 New Year's Eve sexual assaults, and the great replacement conspiracy theory also further radicalized right-wing extremist Stephan Ernst, who in responseassassinated the local politicianWalter Lübcke in 2019. Based on protocols of his first confession, Ernst held Lübcke responsible for letting non-white refugees into the country.[151]
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A state-sponsored campaign led by Hungarian Prime MinisterViktor Orbán has employed a wide range of historical anti-Semitic tropes to accuse philanthropistGeorge Soros of engaging in conspiracies to support and deceive the public about nonwhite immigrants. Orbán has accused Soros, a Jew whose family survived hostile conditions during Hungary's Nazi occupation, of being a Nazi himself, and has introduced legislation known as the "Stop Soros law" to criminalize organized support of immigrants. These fabrications have become popular with the alt-right in Europe and the US.[83] Orbán's 2018 campaign slogan was "Christianity is Europe's last hope",[152] saying, "our worst nightmares can come true. The West falls as it fails to see Europe being overrun."[153]
Hundreds of PolishFacebook groups such as "Stop White Genocide" have produced and disseminated images depicting African and Middle eastern people as belonging to separate "primitive" species, lacking the human intelligence of white Europeans. Websites such as "Conspiracy Files" have fabricated allegations of political compacts to bolster nonwhite immigration against popular will, such as agreements signed by EU leaders and African nations to increase Europe's African population to 300 million by 2068, making native whites, "minorities within their own homeland".[83]
Much of the theory that South African whites are faced with the threat of "genocide" originates with internet rumors started by theGovernment of Russia.Russia-24, a television channel owned by the Russian government, aired a segment in the summer of 2018 about Afrikaner farmers wanting to immigrate to Russia as "brothers in faith". The present government in Russia led byVladimir Putin often attacks the ideology of liberalism for putting the individual before the collective, and promotes "white genocide" stories both as a way of showing the failure of liberalism and to promote the thesis that group identities matter far more than individual identities. The ideology of the Russian state is that the interests of the collective take precedence over the individual, and evidence of alleged failures of liberalism abroad are extensively covered by the Russian media.[9] The Australian historianMark Edele stated: "There is definitely an attempt [by Russia] to support alt-right views and extreme right organisations outside of Russia ... Russia supports groups that will undermine liberal views. That's the logic of sponsorship of alt-right groups by Russia ... There is a longstanding anxiety among Russia's nationalists that Russians are dying out because of falling birth rates compared to non-Slavic peoples. It reverberates with white genocide fears."[9]
The Canadian alt-right personalityLauren Southern had a sympathetic interview with the Russian fascist thinkerAleksandr Dugin, who told her "liberalism denies the existence of any collective identities" and that "liberalism is based on the absence of any form of collective identity". Dugin used the case of white South African farmers allegedly threatened with genocide as proof of the failure of liberalism, for putting the individual ahead of the collective. After the end of apartheid in 1994, South Africa was presented as the "rainbow nation" where henceforward people, regardless of their skin color, would be judged only as individuals. From the viewpoint of the Russian state, presenting liberalism in South Africa as ablood-soaked disaster is a way of discrediting liberalism in general.[9]
The 2017 Swedishneo-Nazi propaganda filmEuropa: The Last Battle claims that Jews are conspiring to engineer the downfall of the white race by encouraging immigration and interracial relationships.[154]
In a 2015Breitbart News article, the anti-IslamicFor Britain party founder and leaderAnne Marie Waters described white genocide as "part of a broad-ranging, virulent, and vicious hatred of white Western people" and claimed that European leaders aimed to "extinguish Western culture".[83]
In December 2015, former EDL leaderTommy Robinson endorsed the white genocide myth.[155] In his 2015 bookEnemy of the State, Robinson claimed how previouslywhite British majority areas of his hometown,Luton, had suffered "ethnic cleansing" and claimed that the United Kingdom was "sleepwalking" its "way towards a Muslim takeover".[156]
A few weeks before the 2016Brexit referendum, an unemployed gardener with links to far-right organisationsmurdered Member of ParliamentJo Cox because of her support of the European Union and work in support of immigrants, saying she was part of a left-wing conspiracy perpetuated by the mainstream media and a traitor to the white race.[83] A March 2016 survey ahead of the referendum found 41% of Britons thought their government was concealing the true number of immigrants.[83]
Katie Hopkins, an English media personality, made a documentary supporting the conspiracy theory of an ongoing white genocide against farmers in South Africa.[157][158] In March 2018, British journalistRod Liddle was identified as promoting the conspiracy theory in an article inThe Spectator, according toVice website.[157] He suggestedLauren Southern, who had made her own documentary about South Africa, would have been greeted positively had it been about "any other brand of genocide".[159]
Katie Hopkins has also promoted the idea that both immigration andmulticulturalism are intended to cause white genocide.[160]Yahoo! News reported that while traveling for the documentary, "her intention was to 'expose' the white genocide" happening to farmers in South Africa.[161][162]
In September 2018, with the arrest of some Neo-Nazi members ofNational Action, the counter-terroristPrevent programme identified the white supremacist group as subscribing to the white extinction conspiracy theory. A governmental co-ordinator stated that the organization "sees the extinction of white people as a very real and likely possibility".[163]
In March 2019,Catherine Blaiklock resigned as leader of theBrexit Party after she shared a photo on social media of a multi-racial primary school in England with the caption "This is a British school. This is white genocide".[164] Another shared post of Blaiklock's claimed that multiculturalism amounted to "the replacement of the indigenous European people".[164] In April 2019, aConservative Party candidate for local elections was revealed to have promoted the conspiracy theory after endorsing online material which claimed that the "destruction of the white race" was being brought about by non-white immigrants who were "flooding" Europe "disguised as so-called 'refugees'" in an alleged plot to "enforcemiscegenation" on white Europeans. He was subsequently suspended from his party but remained on the ballot for the election.[165]
Theidentitarian movementGeneration Identity party leader and neo-NaziMark Collett has been actively promoting the conspiracy theory on Twitter and YouTube.[166][167]
According to Erika Lee, in 1894 the old stock Yankee upper-class founders of theImmigration Restriction League were "convinced that Anglo-Saxon traditions, peoples, and culture were being drowned in a flood of racially inferior foreigners from Southern and Eastern Europe."[168]
In 2007, conservativeAnn Coulter described non-white immigration to the United States as "white genocide" in her article titled "Bush's America: Roach Motel".[169][170][171]Vox has reported on Coulter as one of many providing a platform for "the 'white genocide' myth".[61] She has been described as a "champion" of the ideas behind the conspiracy theory following a book she wrote on the subject.[172] She has also claimed that "a genocide" is occurring against white South African farmers.[9]
In October 2014, white nationalistGreg Johnson promoted the white extinction conspiracy theory, suggesting that "the organized Jewish community is theprincipal enemy—not the sole enemy, but the principal enemy—of every attempt to halt and reverse white extinction. One cannot defeat an enemy one will not name. Therefore, White Nationalism is inescapablyanti-Semitic."[173]
In December 2014,Ku Klux Klan leaderThomas Robb proposed that white genocide was occurring due to the immigration and high birth-rates of non-whites. He claimed that demographic change was affecting the economic, racial and social landscape ofHarrison, Arkansas, and the US at large, and that this amounted to "white genocide being committed against our people".[174] Around that time, the concept appeared on billboards in the United States nearBirmingham, Alabama,[175] and Harrison, Arkansas.[176]
In October 2015,Mike Cernovich, a social media personality, published the white nationalist catchphrase "diversity is code for white genocide", claiming that his discovery of the concept had caused him to cease being a libertarian and instead become analt-right activist.[177][178] Days later, he invoked the conspiracy theory again, warning that "white genocide will sweep up the SJWs", a prediction that Muslims would murder what he labelledsocial justice warriors in the United States.[179] In November 2015, Cernovich insisted that "white genocide is real" in relation to South Africa.[180] After a public backlash, he deleted several tweets referring to the conspiracy theory.[181][182][43]
During the2016 US presidential election, there were allegations that aspects of the conspiracy theory had been adopted asdog-whistling by some mainstream conservative political figures. In January 2016,Donald Trump garnered controversy after retweetingTwitter user @WhiteGenocideTM,[183] and @EustaceFash, whose Twitter header image at the time also included the term "white genocide".[184] A 2016 analysis of his Twitterfeed during theRepublican presidential primaries showed that 62% of those that he chose toretweet in an average weekfollowed multiple accounts which discussed the conspiracy theory, and 21% followed prominent white nationalists online.[185]
By March 2016, Trump's eldest son,Donald Trump Jr., had been accused by mainstream media of being an advocate of the conspiracy theory,[186] or pretending to be an advocate for political gain,[187] after his interview with white supremacistJames Edwards during the2016 Trump presidential campaign.[188] The following month,Jack Posobiec, a leadingalt-right Trump activist and, at the time, USnaval intelligence officer with military security clearance, began frequently tweeting about white genocide.[189]
While Donald Trump supporters on theReddit discussion forumr/The_Donald generally agreed that white genocide is occurring, they disagreed about the responsible parties. TheSouthern Poverty Law Center said "Tea Party conservatives characterize it as a scheme by Democrats to gain voters. For the white nationalists, the main villain is 'international Jewry.'InfoWars fans blame 'globalists'—a label that is often interchangeable with 'Jews'—seeking to dumb down Western populations with 'low-IQ migrants' who are more easily controlled." In August 2017, at least 330 r/The_Donald posts referred to the "Kalergi plan", a purported conspiracy to replace the European population with African migrants.[33]
The month before the US presidential election, white supremacistRichard B. Spencer declared that whatever the upcoming result, that he would be "profoundly grateful to Donald Trump for the rest of my life". Invoking "white genocide" in the same interview, he labelledanti-discrimination laws "the enemy of all tradition, not just the Anglo-Saxon American society it has helped destroy", andMartin Luther King Jr. as "the god of white dispossession".[190] The same month,William Daniel Johnson, leader of theAmerican Freedom Party, was pushing the theory in support of Trump for president; denouncing "the death of the white race, caused by the concepts of diversity and multiculturalism", he said that America needed a "strong leader" like Trump, likening the Republican candidate favorably with Philippine presidentRodrigo Duterte.[191]
By early November, one week before the election, KKK leaderThomas Robb was invoking the conspiracy theory in support of Trump'sMake America Great Again message, claiming that the concept was inextricably linked with the restoration ofwhite power in the US[192] In February 2017, it was reported thatneo-Confederate activistMichael Hill was usingRhodesia to reference and warn against an apparent "racial genocide" of whites in the United States.[193] Hill, a co-founder of theLeague of the South, equatesmulticulturalism within the country as part of an ongoing white genocide.[194]
By March 2017, Republican congressmanSteve King was using rhetoric thatMother Jones andPaste writers described as invoking the conspiracy theory, saying that "We can't restore our civilization with somebody else's babies" and using the phrase "cultural suicide".[195]Vox andThe New Republic have described him as an adherent of the theory that immigration and other forms of population shift represent a slow genocide against white populations.[61][196] In the same month, white supremacistDavid Duke, a former RepublicanLouisiana State Representative, posted YouTube videos stating that Jews are "organizing white genocide".[197][198][199][200][201] The former Grand Wizard of theKKK also accusedAnthony Bourdain of wanting a genocide of white people.[202][203]
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In August 2017, a white supremacist protest named theUnite the Right rally was held inCharlottesville, Virginia, largely driven by the ideology of the "white genocide" narrative. The protest was ostensibly centered around the impending removal of astatue of Robert E. Lee, who was the commander of theConfederate States Army during theAmerican Civil War. The night before the rally, leaflets were distributed en masse in the city, bearing the recurrent slogan "Diversity is a code word for white genocide".[106]
Speaking at the event in Charlottesville,Jason Kessler, the primary organizer behind the rally and a white nationalist blogger, claimed that "the first and foremost reason that we're having this rally, is for that park and for that statue. It's about white genocide. It's about the replacement of our people, culturally and ethnically".[204] Kessler has repeatedly promoted the conspiracy theory, using his website to criticize what he called "white genocide" and an "attack on white history".[205][206][207]
Other prominent white nationalists also tied the conspiracy theory to the motivations behind Unite the Right. Giving a speech at the rally, Neo-naziMike Enoch said "We're here to talk about white genocide, the deliberate and intentional displacement of the white race".[208]
In the fall of 2017, it was reported broadcasterAlex Jones and his fake news organizationInfoWars were promoting the white genocide myth. TheSuidlanders (avölkisch group involved in spreading the conspiracy theory in South Africa) accepted invitations to contribute to the platform on multiple occasions.[102] Around the same time, Jones claimed white genocide was a serious threat in the US; on a cultural front, with what he asserted were black NFL players advocating for "white genocide" byrefusing to stand for the national anthem, and the apparent physical threat of Democrats and communists plotting genocidal attacks specifically againstwhite Americans.[209]
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Jones has been described as particularly instrumental in the American spread of conspiracy theories about white genocide in Africa,[102][210] while his long-time political ally, radio hostMichael Savage, has devoted an episode of his show to conspiracy theories about white genocide in the region.[51]
In August 2018, US PresidentDonald Trump brought the concept of "white genocide" in relation toSouth Africa significantly further into mainstream media discourse, after he publicly instructed Secretary of StateMike Pompeo to investigateSouth African farm attacks,[39] an instruction which was broadly portrayed in media as Trump and his administration advocating for an unfounded conspiracy theory.[49][211][212][213]
Trump had apparently gained his information fromTucker Carlson, a conservative political commentator forFox News, who has been described as bringing the conspiracy theory of an ongoing "white genocide" in South Africa into the mainstream after a piece about the topic on his show caught the attention of president.[214][215][51][216][217]Vox described him as having "taken up the cause" of the "virulent, racist conspiracy theory" of white genocide.[50]Amanda Marcotte, writing inSalon, has said that Carlson avoids using the specific phrase "white genocide", but that "its basic premise is embedded throughout his show".[214] TheSPLC has accused his website,The Daily Caller, of promoting the theory in relation toSouth African farm attacks.[218][51] Carlson asserted he was shocked his statements could be considered an appeal to white nationalists, dismissing questions about his show's high support among them as "stupid" and saying he knew nothing about them.[215]
New York magazine had claimed Trump was attempting to "change the conversation – to one about 'white genocide' in South Africa";[41]Esquire reported that the "President of the United States is now openly promoting an international racist conspiracy theory as the officialforeign policy of the United States."[219] According to theSPLC, Trump had "tweeted out his intention to put the full force of theUS State Department behind a white nationalist conspiracy theory".[220]
In August 2018, many politicians and public figures responded critically to US PresidentDonald Trump's foreign policy initiative to investigate the seizure of land from white farmers and apparent evoking of the conspiracy theory. These included multiple members of theSouth African Parliament and RSADeputy PresidentDavid Mabuza, who rejected the conspiracy theory, calling it "far from the truth". He stated that "we would like to discourage those who are using this sensitive and emotive issue of land to divide us as South Africans by distorting ourland reform measures to the international community and spreading falsehoods that our 'white farmers' are facing the onslaught from their own government."[40]
Julius Malema MP reacted, saying "there is no white genocide in South Africa",[46] that Trump's intervention into their ongoingland reform issues "only made them more determined ... to expropriate our land without compensation",[221][40] and that there is ablack genocide in the US.[221]Jeremy Cronin MP stated that the South African government needed to "send a signal to the courts, to Trump, toFox News Agency" over the issue. The deputyMinister of Public Works spoke against the conspiracy theory; in a committee meeting in theSouth African parliament, he indicated that land expropriation without compensation should not be viewed as a white genocide.[222] Whereas Minister of International Relations and Cooperation,Lindiwe Sisulu, claimed that his foreign policy tweet was "regrettable" and "based on false information",[43] and that the conspiracy theory in general was "aright-wing ideology, and it is very unfortunate".[223]
In the US, formerUS Ambassador to South AfricaPatrick Gaspard, and American media personalitiesChris Cuomo,Mika Brzezinski andAl Sharpton spoke out against the US President on the issue. Labelling Trump's actions as "dangerous and poisoned",[40] Gaspard opposed the concept, claiming the conspiracy theory was "trafficking in awhite supremacist story line",[224] and that the concept is a "white-supremacistmeme from the darkest place".[40]
Cuomo, a television journalist, while stating that "like all conspiracy tripe, there's a kernel of truth" to the theory (in relation toland reform in South Africa) but concluded that the concept was a "bogus cause that white nationalists are selling".[225][226] He rejected what he said was Donald Trump, and his administration, claiming "white farmers" were "being hunted down and killed and having their land stolen".[226]
With a substantive response, American anti-racism activist,Tim Wise, critically analyzed the conspiracy theory further; stating that it was a form ofnegrophobia, being directed politically to "scarewhite Americans" about non-whites within the US.[227] Wise has proposed that the paranoia around the conspiracy theory dates back to theHaitian Revolution and North Americanslave rebellions, but that changing demographics of the United States have heightened existing anxiety, stating that "the reason it is amplified today is that in the recent past the cultural norm of the country was still dominantly white."[228][better source needed]
Mika Brzezinski, co-host ofMorning Joe, spoke out against the concept,[229] labelling it as "a racist conspiracy theory".[230] American civil rights activist,Al Sharpton joined Brzezinski in her opposition, labelling it as "neo-Nazi propaganda". Discussing the issue on anMSNBC segment withKaty Tur and foreign correspondentGreg Myre, Sharpton stated that it is "not true" that "white farmers are being killed in South Africa" for racial reasons.[231][232] A year later, Trump administration speechwriterStephen Miller claimed US citizens were facing the same threat, saying that nonwhite congresswomen want to "destroy America with open borders", even if "American citizens lose their jobs, lose their homes, lose their livelihoods, lose their health coverage, and lose their very lives".[233]
In November 2018,Matthew Heimbach, former leader of the neo-NaziTraditionalist Worker Party, led a protest inLittle Rock, Arkansas, over an alleged white genocide occurring in South Africa.[18] He called on the US government tosanction South Africa for the "violation ofinternational law" in its treatment ofwhite South Africans.[155] In January 2019, theKKK distributed business cards inPhiladelphia with various racist slogans such as "White People are a World Wide minority and there are programs of Genocide against white children",[194] in what appeared to be deliberately targeting African-American neighborhoods with material which promoted the conspiracy theory.[234]
Three independent analyses of Trump re-election campaign advertisements shown in 2019 found 2,200 ads warning of an "invasion" by immigrants. In asking for help to fund a wall along the US–Mexico border, the ads included all-caps warnings of a "state of emergency", saying, "America's safety is at risk", and that it is "critical that we stop the invasion".[235] Other ads said Trump has "taken multiple trips to the border to show the true invasion happening but the Democrats and the Fake News Media just won't listen".[236] In remarks in the Oval Office in March 2019, Trump said immigrants were trying to "rush our borders. ... People hate the word 'invasion', but that's what it is. It's an invasion of drugs and criminals and people." In an interview on 6 June, Trump told Fox News, "I told Mexico, if you don't stop this onslaught, this invasion—people get angry when I use the word 'invasion'—people like Nancy Pelosi that honestly they don't know what the hell they're talking about."[237]
In May 2025, Trump confronted South African presidentCyril Ramaphosa with false claims of white genocide during an Oval Office meeting, and played a video of killings he said supported his position. During the meeting, Trump brought upElon Musk, who was standing behind him and has previously endorsed claims of South African white genocide, stating that: "Elon is from South Africa. I don't want to get him involved. That's all I have to do. Get him into another thing. But Elon happens to be from South Africa."[52] To support his claims of white genocide, Trump showed footage ofbody bags, claiming that these were "all white farmers that are being buried" in an incident in South Africa, however in actuality the footage was from theDemocratic Republic of Congo where there wasa conflict involving Rwandan-supported M23 rebels.[238][239]
The American news channelFox News is described by multiple mainstream media sources as aligned with the concept and narrative of the white genocide conspiracy theory and using its prominence to bring rhetoric of demographic threats to white Americans further into the center of US discourse.[240][241]Amanda Marcotte, writing inSalon, has stated that Fox's default ideology is "strikingly similar" to "fascistic replacement theory" and "white genocide". Marcotte wrote that this ideology is especially the case for the network's prime-time commentators, such asTucker Carlson andLaura Ingraham.[242]Paste magazine has argued that "far-right"Great Replacement rhetoric is not only a nightly fixture ofTucker Carlson Tonight, but a "foundational" principle ofRupert Murdoch's media empire.[243]
GQ has reported that Fox News' "popular primetime" shows are an important pipeline to PresidentDonald Trump's political positions, such as the investigation into land reform in South Africa, and that Carlson's show in particular dedicates segments to"'great replacement' propaganda".[4] The warnings delivered by "conservative pundits on Fox News" are driving fears of an "existential threat" of a white genocide, according toThe Atlantic, who particularly analyzed Laura Ingraham's nativist remarks, such as "massive demographic changes" apparently being inflicted uponwhite Americans against their will.[64] WhileThe New York Times identified Carlson as engaging in replacement theory fear-mongering, in relation to family birthrates in the US,[244]ThinkProgress accused him of using the popularity ofFox News, as a platform, to push fears of demographic change through immigration and feminism, causing a so-called "genocide" of American white men.[245]
In June 2017, far-right political commentatorFaith Goldy endorsed the conspiracy theory. Publishing a video forThe Rebel Media called "White Genocide in Canada?",[246] Goldy compared the shiftingdemographics of Canada and its immigration policies to "white genocide".[247][248] Goldy has been described byGQ magazine as "one of Canada's most prominent propagandists" for the theory.[249] Later that month,Vice Media co-founderGavin McInnes promoted the conspiracy theory after stating that white women having abortions and immigration is "leading to white genocide in the West". He also claimed "white genocide" was "much more intense" in South Africa.[250][251][252] McInnes is one of the main leaders of a far-right faction that believes in the conspiracy theory.[252]
In December 2017, YouTuberStefan Molyneux pushed the conspiracy theory, claiming there was a "demographic decline among the whites that is happening in Europe and in North America", that supposedly predicted a "quasi-extinction" ofwhite people.[253] Molyneux, an advocate of the theory,[254] in February 2018 published a video regarding the concept, titled "White Farmers Slaughtered in South Africa", which interviewed fellow white genocide conspiracy theoristLauren Southern.[157] Southern, a far-right activist, has frequently pushed white genocide rhetoric, using it as an argument against immigration.[255][256][127] She has advocated for European countries to refuserefugees from Africa and Asia, saying that immigration would lead to white genocide,[256] and has been labelled in media as a "booster" for the conspiracy at large.[9] In 2018, Southern produced a documentary calledFarmlands aboutpost-Apartheid farm violence in South Africa.[257]
In March 2019, white supremacistPaul Fromm was reported to have endorsed the "white genocide" themed (The Great Replacement) manifesto of theChristchurch mosque shooting perpetrator.[258] Referring to it as "cogent" and a "historical document", Fromm republished the manifesto on his website, stating that he agreed with its analysis.[259]
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American Neo-Nazi literature such asThe Turner Diaries and Lane'sWhite Genocide Manifesto have spread online to right wing groups in Australia. A collection of writings calledSiege byJames Mason was cited as an inspiration by some of the twenty-two neo-Nazis who infiltrated the New South WalesYoung Nationals party from which they were banned for life for trying to advance the creation of an ethno-state.[260] Themes of the "defense of Western civilization" and the achievements of ethnic Whites have become racistdog whistles for groups advancing theories of an impending white genocide.[261]
In March 2018, several Australian tabloids owned by the News Corporation ran articles alleging that South African whites were faced with genocide and which led the Australian home affairs ministerPeter Dutton to promise fast-track visas for any South African white wishing to emigrate to Australia.[51] Dutton is known for his anti-immigrant and anti-refugee stance, which led to questions about his willingness to accept South African whites into Australia as refugees, since he normally opposes Australia accepting refugees.[9] One News Corp columnist,Miranda Devine, wrote about the ties as she saw them between the Australian people and "our oppressed white, Christian, industrious, rugby and cricket-playing Commonwealth cousins" threatened by South African blacks whom she promised would integrate "seamlessly" into Australia as opposed to immigration from Third World countries.[262]
Another Australian News Corporation columnist Caroline Marcus connected the alleged plight of South African whites to what she saw as a broader attack on whites across the world, writing "the truth is, there are versions of this anti-white, vengeance theme swirling in movements around the western world, from Black Lives Matter in the US to Invasion Day protests back home."[262] The British journalist Jason Wilson noted that the News Corporation run by the Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch also owns Fox News, which has aired stories portraying South African whites as a persecuted minority, leading him to accuse the News Corporation of promoting this narrative around the world.[51]
In 2018, a resolution declaring "It's OK to be white", and decrying "the deplorable rise of anti-white racism and attacks on theWestern civilization", was introduced in the Australian Senate byPauline Hanson, an anti-immigrant Senator who leads theOne Nation Party. The motion was narrowly defeated.[263] The same slogan, which is associated with white supremacist rhetoric, was also depicted on a shirt worn by the far-right Canadian YouTuberLauren Southern during a visit to Australia.[260][263]
After Australian white-genocide conspiracy theorist Brenton Tarrant carried out the March 2019Christchurch mosque shootings, Queensland SenatorFraser Anning released a statement saying the cause of the attacks was "the immigration program which allowed Muslim fanatics to migrate to New Zealand in the first place". Anning has called for a "final solution" to nonwhite immigration to Australia,[264] and frequently issues calls to stop white genocide on social media.[non-primary source needed] Other politicians such as Home Affairs MinisterPeter Dutton have helped propel the idea of white genocide into the mainstream.[261]
The accused perpetrator of theChristchurch mosque shootings alluded to "white genocide" and ethnic and racial "replacement" in a 74-page manifesto posted shortly before the attacks.[265]
South African expatriates in New Zealand have been spreading white genocide myths on Facebook and by demonstrating in marches.[261]
| Year | Location | Killed | Injured |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | Pittsburgh | 5 | 1 |
| 2011 | Norway | 77 | 241 |
| 2014 | Kansas | 3 | 0 |
| 2015 | Charleston | 9 | 1 |
| 2017 | Charlottesville | 1 | 28 |
| 2017 | Quebec City | 6 | 5 |
| 2018 | Pittsburgh | 11 | 7 |
| 2019 | Christchurch | 51 | 40 |
| 2019 | Poway | 1 | 3 |
| 2019 | El Paso | 23 | 23 |
| 2022 | Buffalo | 10 | 3 |
Richard Baumhammers, the perpetrator of a 2000 shooting spree inPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that killed five people and injured a sixth, complained that European Americans are being outnumbered by minorities and immigrants, calling on a website for "an end to non-white immigration" because "almost all" present day immigration "is non-European."[266][267]
Frazier Glenn Miller Jr., the perpetrator ofa shooting spree that killed three people at a Jewish community center and retirement home inOverland Park, Kansas, had supported the slogan: "Diversity is code for white genocide."[268] He stated that the "systematic genocide of white people by Jews" was his motive,[269] and that he, "had a patriotic intent to stop genocide against my people".[270] OnEaster Sunday, the day after the shooting, white supremacists delivered "white genocide" themedEaster eggs to several houses inHenrico County, Virginia, repeating the "Diversity = white genocide" mantra.[271][272]
Dylann Roof, the perpetrator of theCharleston church shooting that killed nine people and injured a tenth, included a photo on hisFacebook page of him wearing a jacket decorated with twoemblems that are popular among Americanwhite supremacists: theflag of the former Rhodesia (now known as Zimbabwe) andthe flag ofapartheid-era South Africa.[273][274][275] He had been blogging on a website called "The Last Rhodesian" (www.lastrhodesian.com) registered on 9 February 2015,[276][277][278] which included an unsigned manifesto containing his opinions of "Blacks", "Jews", "non-whiteHispanics" and "East Asians".[279][280] Saying he became "racially aware" as a result of the 2012killing of Trayvon Martin, he wrote that because he kept hearing people talk about the incident, he "decided to look him up" and read theWikipedia article about it. He concluded thatGeorge Zimmerman had been in the right, and was unable to comprehend why the case had gained national attention. He said he then searched for black on white crime onGoogle and found the website of theCouncil of Conservative Citizens, where he read "pages upon pages" of cases involving black people murdering white people, stating that he had "never been the same since that day."[278] For these reasons, Federal prosecutors said he was "self-radicalized" online, instead of adopting his white supremacist ideology through personal associations or experiences with white supremacists.[281]
The driver responsible for theCharlottesville car attack against protesters at theUnite the Right rally had previously espousedneo-Nazi and white supremacist beliefs.[282][283] He had driven from Ohio to join the rally in which participants chanted, "Jews will not replace us."[284] He killed one person and injured 28.
The perpetrator of thePittsburgh synagogue shooting that killed eleven and injured another seven wrote "Jews are the children of Satan" in his social media profile, using neo-Nazi and white supremacist symbolism associated with David Lane, along with the Nazi slogan, "Heil Hitler".[285] He supported white genocide conspiracy theories, writing in one instance, "Daily Reminder: Diversity means chasing down the last white person."[286] He also wrote diatribes against white women who have relationships with black men.[287] In the weeks before the shooting, Bowers made anti-Semitic posts directed at theHebrew Immigrant Aid Society[288][289] who sponsor the National Refugee Shabbat.[290] Shortly before the attack, in an apparent reference toimmigrants to the United States, he posted onGab that "HIAS likes to bring invaders in that kill our people. I can't sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw your optics, I'm going in."[291][292]
The perpetrator of thePoway synagogue shooting that killed one and injured three others blamed Jews for white genocide, which he described as the "meticulously planned genocide of the European race" in his manifesto.[293][294]
The perpetrator of the2019 El Paso shooting that killed 23 and injured another 23[295] had published a manifesto expressing support for the Christchurch shooter and his manifesto, saying the El Paso attack was in response to a "Hispanic invasion of Texas ... defending my country from cultural and ethnic replacement.... the Hispanic community was not my target before I readThe Great Replacement."[296] Several commentators noted that the manifesto echoed themes inDonald Trump's campaign speeches, including repeated claims of a Hispanic invasion along with general extremism and hateful language, whose proponents have been emboldened and mobilized by Trump's rhetoric[23][297][298] and increasingly frequent talking points in right-wing media outlets.[22] Trump, in turn, called for "strong background checks, perhaps marrying this legislation with desperately needed immigration reform", which some commentators said blamed immigration for the massacre.[299]
The suspect in the2022 Buffalo shooting that killed ten people and injured three others blamed Jews and African-Americans for white genocide in a manifesto, according to law enforcement officials. He had taken inspiration from other far-right mass shooters, whom he regarded as "heroes".[300]
Anders Behring Breivik, the perpetrator of the2011 Norway attacks, had participated for years in debates on Internet forums and spoken against Islam and immigration.[301] He wrote a 1,518-pagecompendium including frequent mentions of alleged ongoing genocide against white Europeans.[77][302] Analysts described him as havingIslamophobic views and a hatred of Islam,[303][304] and as someone who considered himself as a knight dedicated to stemming the tide of Muslim immigration into Europe.[305][306]
The perpetrator of theChristchurch mosque shootings that killed 51 and injured 40 explained in a manifesto that he carried out the attack to fight ongoing "white genocide" by foreign "invaders".[307] He had forwarded stories about white women's low fertility rates on his social media accounts. Photographs from his initial court appearance showed him making the"OK" symbol appropriated by white supremacists with his fingers.[308]
White genocide is a myth based on false science, false history, and hatred.[25][26][27] White people are not dying out, and are not facing extermination.[27][309][better source needed][228][better source needed] White supremacists claim that diversity is equivalent to white genocide.[310] Scholars describe white supremacists as fabricating paranoid claims that their survival as a race is threatened, for example by, "individualism, celibacy, feminism and other forms of sex-role confusion, misplaced environmentalism, and white demonization and guilt," all of which are claimed to promote reproductive failure.[311]
White genocide conspiracy theory frames evidence of declining birth rates in support of extremist views and calls to violence.[312] White supremacists are successfully constructing false narratives of genocide to incite violence at an increasing rate.[25] The US Republican Party as led by Donald Trump has repeatedly and openly courted white supremacists and endorsed the falsehoods they promote, including those of white genocide.[31]
In October 2016, British journalistSanjiv Bhattacharya analyzed the belief in the conspiracy theory amongst thealt-right. While considering the prospect that non-Hispanic whites will be less than 50% of the US population by 2044; Bhattacharya pointed out the racist hypocrisy in the statement "Diversity equals white genocide", discussing how the "alt right loves to evoke genocide while harbouringHolocaust deniers".[313]
Around the Christmas period of 2016,George Ciccariello-Maher, an American political scientist, satirically tweeted "All I Want for Christmas is White Genocide". As a result of the ensuing controversy, Ciccariello-Maher resigned from his job as an associate professor ofpolitics andglobal studies atDrexel University.[314] Ciccariello-Maher continued to strongly oppose the conspiracy theory, claiming that it was "invented by white supremacists and used to denounce everything frominter-racial relationships to multicultural policies."[315] He has labelled the concept as a "figment of the racist imagination" and claimed that "it should be mocked."[316]
Adrianne Black, an American former white supremacist and goddaughter ofDavid Duke, after initially supporting and helping to popularize the concept,[317][318] has renounced and opposed the white genocide conspiracy theory.[319] Black has claimed that the concept was about pushingwhite nationalists into a false and overtparanoia aboutdemographics of the United States.[309][better source needed]Eli Saslow, an American journalist who worked with Black on her 2018 bookRising out of Hatred, has spoken against the conspiracy theory, labelling it as a "really effective" form of propaganda or indoctrination. He stated that "unfortunately, in part because it's built upon a very real and dark truth inAmerican history—which is thatwhite supremacy has always been a big part of what this country is—white nationalists were able to start capitalizing on that."[320] Saslow has claimed the conspiracy theory is a way to "sanitize"white America's history of racism and violence, by focusing on the "ways that white people are under attack in this country," including "white genocide" and "building a wall".[318]
In January 2019, DemocraticPhiladelphia City Council memberKenyatta Johnson labelled theKu Klux Klan's distribution of "white genocide" promotional material in black neighborhoods of Philadelphia as an "upsetting and disgusting" act.[234] In June 2019, Canadian authorNaomi Klein addressed the narrative of "white genocide", criticizing the concept as an attack on women's reproductive freedom, in that it wished to denyabortion rights to white women having white children, while seeking to suppress non-white immigrant birthrates.[321] The following month, critical theoristBernard Harcourt detailed how the AmericanNew Right was seeking to orient its political message around the fear of a white genocide occurring. He proposed that "neo-fascist, white supremacist, revolutionary language" was becoming mainstream and was in effect "starting to change the way people are willing to express themselves", including President Trump.[322][better source needed]
In March 2019, journalistAdam Serwer suggested that the conspiracy theory did not sincerely refer to "mass murder, ethnic cleansing, or even violence," but rather to a perceived "loss of political andcultural hegemony in countries that white supremacists think should belong to white people by law." Serwer proposed that the conspiracy was "a kind of projection, a paranoia that the past genocide, colonialism, andethnic cleansing forced on the West's former subjects will be visited upon it."[66][62] The same month,Farhad Manjoo detailed how "white-extinction theory" was nonsense. Proposing that the "white genocide" label had "failed to take off", proving ineffective for conspiracy theorists attempting to push the narrative. Manjoo, an American journalist, suggested that the "Great Replacement" (which the Christchurch mosque shooter used for a manifesto title) was a softer reinvention, being to the white genocide conspiracy theory what the termIdentitarian is to "white supremacist".[323]
In April 2019, British academicElif Shafak detailed howRenaud Camus' theory of theGreat Replacement has created an ideological worldview for the far-right to amplify into a "white genocide" narrative in the West. Shafak argues that the conspiracy theory is also embedded in the works ofThilo Sarrazin, such asGermany Abolishes Itself and 2018'sHostile Takeover.[324] Later that month,Jonathan Freedland andMehdi Hasan released a joint analysis of far-right extremism and the ideology behind "white genocide". Discussing Pittsburgh synagogue shooter,Robert Gregory Bowers, and his rhetoric, Freeland and Hasan, both political journalists, labelled the conspiracy theory as racist and unhinged and argued that it had both the Muslim and Jewish "communities in its murderous sights". They concluded that both groups should "stand and fight it together".[325]
In May 2019, political commentatorNick Cohen analyzed how "white genocide" narratives created anti-immigrant and societal sexual tension. He argued that the conspiracy theory was an effective form of racism and propaganda, which had penetratedViktor Orbán's Hungarian government, but revealed a far-right paranoia that European men were notvirile enough.[326] In June 2019, professor of economicsJonathan Portes, while describing the concept as a "lunatic" conspiracy theory, detailed how more respectable versions of "white genocide" were being promoted by academic and media figures, and therefore pushing the idea further into mainstream discourse.[327]
Andre S. (Hannibal) has views that echo the white extinction conspiracy that the Christchurch shooter propagated: when officials went to his barracks in 2017 to question him, he told them that 'Islam will be the No. 1 state religion in the Netherlands in 10 years time.'
Many white supremacists subscribe to the bogus conspiracy theory that white people are going extinct due to immigration and falling birthrates among white women.
The words under 'Soros' in the graffiti are 'white extinction,' and this refers to a conspiracy theory that is common on the far right. One might even say on the alt-right, and among white supremacists and neo-Nazis, that George Soros is the frontman for some sort of Jewish plot to exterminate the white race.
The Trump administration – supported by many adherents to the white supremacist conspiracy theory that whites are threatened with extinction due to an assault by inferior people of colour through immigration, affirmative action and demographic changes
One of the graffiti here mentions Soros and then spoke about white extinction, and that's a very interesting trope which is being used by a number of far-right groups these days, to claim that there is a so-called white genocide that is being orchestrated by the government through immigration policies, by anti-racists, human rights activists and so on.
But for others, the changes have fueled talk about 'white replacement,' a racist conspiracy theory tied to the declining birthrates of white Americans that has spread in far-right circles and online chat rooms and is now surfacing in some communities.
'White replacement' does not just refer to a demographic change. It is a conspiracy theory spread by white supremacists who believe international governments are intentionally 'replacing' white people with non-white immigrants through liberal immigration policies.
The 'great replacement,' also known as 'white genocide,' is summed up by its name: a secretive cabal of elites, often Jewish, is trying to deliberately destroy the white race through demographic change in importing immigrants and refugees.
What is new is the concept of 'White Replacement' (sometimes called 'White Genocide') which claims that there is a global Jewish plot to 'import' non-Europeans ― especiallyAfricans,Asians andArabs ― intoEurope,North America andAustralasia for the express purpose of 'destroying'European culture, subjugating and ultimately decimating people who are of European ethnicity.
Crusius claimed to be fighting a 'Hispanic invasion of Texas. They are the instigators, not me,' he wrote. 'I am simply defending my country from cultural and ethnic replacement brought on by an invasion.'
In French, introduced by Renaud Camus, it is called Le Grand Remplacement (The Great Replacement). It comes in different guises, such as the Eurabia thesis that argues that Muslims are 'invading' Europe and are a fifth column waiting to take control of the continent. In English, the most famous iteration is 'white genocide'
Breivik wrote in his 1,518-page manifesto that Islamic immigrants and the European Union were on a mission to create 'Eurabia.' The idea was a variation on the white genocide conspiracy theory, which purported that anti-Israel powers were attempting to 'Arabise' Europe.
White nationalists in the West love the idea that their 'people' are facing imminent threat of oppression and/or genocide. This fantasy serves to justify white supremacy, by positing white dominance as the only alternative to white subjugation.
Carlson had been flogging the issue of land seizures in South Africa – a known proxy issue for those who believe in 'white genocide'.
...South Africa and Zimbabwe in particular have exerted a fascination on the racist far right because in the mind of white nationalists, they show what happens to a white minority after they lose control of countries they once ruled.
The manifesto itself was soon reduced to the simple phrase 'white genocide', which proliferated at the start of the 21st century and has become the overwhelmingly dominant meme of modern white nationalism.
Duke's current website hosts a variety of essays that develop the idea that white people are being subjected to a genocide. Again we see a key linkage here between raising the idea of a white genocide and decrying liberal political ideals. In one such essay, 'The Genocide of the White Race is Promoted by Liberals', the point is set out as follows: ... The actions being taken by liberal governments to force non-White into every White nation will eventually eliminate the White race itself.
Smith faces the trials ahead with some considerable assets. Perhaps his most potent support lies in the siege mentality of the white Rhodesians. For the present, Smith has succeeded in convincing them that the only choice is the Rhodesian Front and UDI or black African dictatorship and white genocide.
Race categories are organized hierarchically to reflect differences that are inherent in the essence of these categories. These differences justify and underlie the hostility that is expressed toward inferior groups. This hostility further fuels the drive for racial purity. 'Race-mixing' is treated as genocide and is understood to be the goal of all non-whites.
Jesse Daniels argues that white nationalists discursively link Jews and their purported promotion of race mixing through their control of the media with their goal to commit 'the genocide of the white race'
According to White Power article entitled 'Jews Planning White Genocide', 'world Jewry's chilling Final Solution [is] the physical and spiritual genocide of the White race they despise'
Duke believed Jews were engaged in a conspiracy to weaken the white race by using the media to promote integration and race mixing ... race mixing, Duke believed, meant white genocide
Unlike many other white supremacists, Taylor is not anti-Semitic, and in fact encourages Jews to join his fight ... however many within the white supremacist/anti-immigration movement disagree with Taylor, most notably David Duke, and he has been under tremendous pressure to break ties with the Jewish community. Taylor, at least for now, has refused to submit to this pressure and continues to work with Jews to further his platform.
While the Great Replacement is at its core an Islamophobic belief, Lane's ideology is anti-Semitic.
President Trump is adept at addressing the 'white genocide' anxiety. On his recent trip to England, he said that immigration had 'changed the fabric of Europe. And unless you act very quickly, it's never going to be what it was.'
In Blow's analysis, the heavy white support for Trump is due to 'white extinction anxiety,' the fear expressed by Buchanan that non-white people will soon become the majority in the United States, causing whites to lose their privileged status based on their skin color.
Shockingly, almost I might say unbelievably, a Canadian libertarian blogger has been refused entry to the UK because she subscribes to the narrative which I outlined above. Lauren Southern believes that genocide is being enacted against the whites in South Africa. Any other brand of genocide and she'd have been courted and asked to give evidence to a select committee, and probably be guest-editingNewsnight and presentingWoman's Hour right now.
Greg Johnson is the editor-in-chief of the white nationalist publishing house Counter-Currents, an epicenter of 'academic' white nationalism
fascistic 'replacement' theory, which holds that white people are entitled to cultural dominance and that racial diversity and immigration are equivalent to a 'white genocide' ... Replacement theory is an idea that's been coursing through the burgeoning neo-Nazi and white nationalist movement for some time ... Sadly, this toxic notion is not limited to the dregs of the internet, where it appears Earnest was radicalized. These days, anyone who flips on Fox News, especially if they watch prime-time commentators like Tucker Carlson or Laura Ingraham, will hear strikingly similar ideas.
Fantasizing about this far-right 'Great Replacement' conspiracy theory has been practically a nightly fixture of Carlson's program since its inception, it's a foundational part of right wing media from the Rupert Murdoch empire
Though these fears fester in online message boards, it is spreading to more mainstream right-wing conversations. The Fox News host Tucker Carlson, for one, has engaged in some of these conversations. In January, he opened his show with a segment he said was one 'the biggest issue facing this country going forward,' bigger than wars and G.D.P.: the collapse of families.
And Fox News host Tucker Carlson, who inherited the prime time Fox News slot vacated by Bill O'Reilly, has used his new prominence to warn viewers about a feminist 'genocide' of white men, and to depict immigration as a stalking horse for 'demographic change' intended to replace the America you know with a different, worse, 'dirtier' one.
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