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TheSouth African refugee program, officially known asMission South Africa, is aUnited States initiative launched in February 2025 by PresidentDonald Trump to grant asylum towhite South Africans, and other minorities[1] in South Africa, primarilyAfrikaners, under claims of systemic violence and racial discrimination linked toSouth Africa's post-apartheidland reform policies.[2] TheTrump administration justified the program by alleging that White South African farmers were victims of what it described as a "genocide" and state-backedpersecution.[3] Claims ofwhite genocide in South Africa have been entirely discredited.[3][4]
The initiative was met with strong opposition from the South African government. South African presidentCyril Ramaphosa rejected the premise of the program, arguing that the white minority was not facing persecution that would meet the threshold for refugee status under international law.[3]
Racial discrimination and inequality againstBlack,Coloured, andIndian people in South Africa dates to the beginning of large-scale European colonization of South Africa with theDutch East India Company's establishment of a trading post in theCape of Good Hope in 1652, which eventually expanded into theDutch Cape Colony. The company began theKhoikhoi–Dutch Wars in which it displaced the localKhoikhoi people, replaced them with farms worked byWhite settlers, and imported Black slaves from across theDutch colonial empire.[5]
Serious political violence was a prominent feature from 1985 to 1989, as Black townships became the focus of the struggle betweenanti-apartheid organizations and theBotha government. Black town councillors and policemen, and sometimes their families, were attacked withpetrol bombs, beaten, and murdered bynecklacing, where a burning tyre was placed around the victim's neck, after they were restrained by wrapping their wrists with barbed wire.Detention without trial became a common feature of the government's reaction to growing civil unrest and by 1988, 30,000 people had been detained.[6] The media wascensored, thousands were arrested and many wereinterrogated andtortured.[7]
On January 23, 2025, South African PresidentCyril Ramaphosa signed into law the controversialExpropriation Act permitting the state to seize property without compensation in certain cases. South African officials framed it as an attempt to address the negative effects ofapartheid.[8] Proponents of the bill point to the fact that white South Africans own farmland covering half the country, despite constituting 7% of the population.[9]
Upon assuming office on January 20, 2025, President Trump signed an executive order shutting down all refugee admissions while making a single exception for white South Africans.[8] On February 7, Trump signedExecutive Order 14204, ending allforeign aid to South Africa, claiming that its government had been engaging in "race-based discrimination".[10] In that same executive order, he said that the U.S. would "promote the resettlement of Afrikaner refugees escaping government-sponsored race-based discrimination, including racially discriminatory property confiscation", and grant Afrikaners rapid pathways to citizenship.[11]
Trump has also raised claims during hisfirst term that white South African farmers are supposedly being killed in large numbers, a claim also echoed by Elon Musk who called it as agenocide. However, updated statistics published by the New York Times show 101 of 225 people killed on farms in South Africa between April 2020 and March 2024 were black workers, while 53 were farmers who are normally white.[12] There are roughly 26,000 people murdered each year in South Africa with about 0.1% on farms and most of those victims identified as black.[13]
In March 2025, Secretary of StateMarco Rubio declared South African Ambassador to the United StatesEbrahim Rasoolpersona non grata for criticizing Trump's2024 presidential campaign and policies.[14][15]
In March 2025, theU.S. Department of State said that it had received 8,000 inquiries into the refugee program.[9] According to reports, theU.S. Embassy inPretoria had been conducting interviews and processing families, while State Department officials began chartering planes for the families scheduled to leave South Africa.[16]
On May 12, 2025, the first group of 59 white South Africans arrived inDulles in northernVirginia under the program. They were welcomed atDulles International Airport by U.S. officials, including Deputy Secretary of StateChristopher Landau, and were provided with resettlement assistance.[8] According to the State Department, all spokeEnglish, and about a third already had relatives in the United States.[16] The refugee applications of the Afrikaner minority were expedited by the Trump administration, which cited "racial discrimination" as the justification for granting priority status.[3]
On June 2, 2025, U.S. officials reported that a second group of nine white South Africans arrived a few days prior.[17]
In October 2025, the Trump administration announced that it was restricting the number of refugees admitted annually into the United States at 7,500 for the 2026 budget year. There was no mention of any other specific groups to be admitted outside of white South Africans.[18]
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On May 21, 2025, South African president Ramaphosa madea state visit to the US to meet with President Trump. During the press conference, Trump confronted Ramaphosa with false[19][20] claims ofwhite genocide againstAfrikaners in South Africa, which Ramaphosa strongly denied.[21] During the meeting Trump displayed an aerial shot of thousands of white crosses lining the side of a rural road, that he termed a burial site of thousands of Afrikaners that had been murdered. While Trump did not indicate where the road was, local South Africans identified the site as a roadside memorial for two Afrikaner farmers that were murdered five years prior along with all murder victims that occurred on farms regardless of skin color.[22]
Trump also played two separate clips to Ramaphosa of two controversial South African opposition politicians, includingEFF leaderJulius Malema, singing songs that were popular during thestruggle against apartheid, such as "Kill the Boer," which called for violence against the descendants ofBoers.[23] Trump printed out articles in which he claimed showed death and violence but were found by third party checkers were either unsubstantiated, from partisan blog postings or the wrong country.[24] The following day, a screenshot Trump displayed during the meeting which he claimed showed "all white farmers that are being buried" was revealed to be taken from aReuters video shot in theDemocratic Republic of Congo, following arebel offensive inGoma.[25]
U.S. President Donald Trump defended his actions, stating that "it's a genocide that's taking place" and added, "Farmers are being killed, they happen to be white, but whether they're white or black makes no difference to me."[3]
Senior advisor to the president at the time,Elon Musk—who is a white South African, also amplified the claims of "white genocide" in South Africa.[26]
Deputy Secretary of StateChristopher Landau welcomed the Afrikaners, claiming that they were experiencing "threatening invasions of their homes" and that they could easilyassimilate intoAmerican culture.[27]
A white South African famer who lost seven farms but due to droughts and bad business decisions, was angered by the "racist" South African Expropriation Act and by actions of the banks. He claimed the program was a "fantastic opportunity" and that if he went his family would as well as he is currently unemployed. The farmer is part of a group of Trump supporting white South Africans, such as Willem Petzer a social media influencer who stated "With the support of the West, we can make South Africa great again" and echo the white genocide narrative.[13] One white South African refugee stated in an interview in the US that due to the new land rules "Your land becomes worthless" and that he had fled due to threats onWhatsApp, machinery being damaged andlocal police reportedly failing to act of reports.[28]
SeveralDemocrats have condemned the resettlement plan, includingMaryland senatorChris Van Hollen, who described it as part of the Trump administration's "global apartheid policy".[29]New Hampshire senatorJeanne Shaheen called it an attempt to "rewrite history."[27]Gregory Meeks of theHouse Foreign Affairs Committee said it is "not just a racistdog whistle, it's a politically motivated rewrite of history".[3]
TheEpiscopal Church of the US responded by terminating their partnership with the federal government, as they were morally opposed to resettling the white Afrikaners.[30][31]
South African officials claimed that the initiative was "politically motivated and designed to question South Africa's constitutional democracy", citing Trump's criticism of South Africa's ties toIran andits genocide case against Israel at theInternational Court of Justice.[9] President Ramaphosa criticized the U.S. assessment as "not true". He also criticized the white South Africans that resettled in the U.S., calling them "cowards" and stating that "they'll be back soon."[32]
A group of prominent Afrikaners, including business leaders, academics and descendants of apartheid-era figures, wrote an open letter, rejecting Trumps assertions that there was systematic persecution of white South Africans. The letter "Not in Our Name" was sent to multiple US senators and raised challenges to Trumps claims.[33] A white South African farmer stated that those who went to the US were "not real farmers" and were just "opportunists."[13]
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