Wheelchair rugby league is a wheelchair-based version ofrugby league football, one of two recogniseddisability versions of the sport. It was developed in France in 2000. Unlike other wheelchair sports, people without disabilities are allowed to compete in top-level competition.[1] The sport is also unique in the fact that men and women of any age can play against each other in top-level competition.
Wheelchair rugby league was developed by French rugby league players and coaches, Robert Fassolette and Wally Salvan, in 2000.[2][3][4] The first competition was played by three teams, Vichy, Roanne and Beauvais, as part of aFrench Téléthon.[4] Meetings establishing the official rules of the sport took place in 2002.[5] The sport spread to the south of France with the establishment of teams from Perpignan, Cahors, and Montauban in 2004,[4] and internationally after a tour by a French team to Australia[6] and two exhibition matches played in England in 2005.[7][8] In May 2006, the RLIF accepted a proposal by France to endorse wheelchair rugby league[9] and a month later the first test match was played between France and a touring Great Britain team.[8] The first international betweenEngland and France took place in 2007 and the following year the inauguralWorld Cup was held in Australia.[7]
From its inception, until very recently, the top level of the sport was played no differently to other levels of the game. All matches took place in community sports halls, including international games, often with no-one in attendance.[10] In 2013, the venue for the World Cup, Medway Park, had a crowd capacity of 500.[11] Following France's win at that World Cup, a crowd of 2,700 was recorded for their next home match against England in 2014.[12] In Australia, the attendance of 1,000 at theWheelchair State of Origin match in 2019 was estimated to have been twice the size of the previous year.[13] However, following the2021 World Cup (played in 2022), where the competition was given equal prominence with themen's andwomen's game,[14][15] the popularity of the sport, both during and after the tournament, exploded. Games of the 2021 tournament, and following matches, have since been played in major arenas in countries such as Australia, France, and the United Kingdom, often with several thousand in attendance. In the year following the 2021 World Cup, participation of the sport also rose by 71%.[10]
In March 2024, wheelchair rugby league's first evervarsity fixture was played betweenBrunel University London andSt Mary's University, Twickenham.[16]
New Zealand made their international debut on 1 November 2024, marking the tenth nation to participate in the sport at international level.[17]
There are only ten countries with national wheelchair rugby league teams registered with theInternational Rugby League.
| Official rankings as of November 2025 | |||
| Rank | Change | Team | Pts % |
| 1 |  |  England | 100 |
| 2 | |  France | 86 |
| 3 | |  Ireland | 63 |
| 4 | |  Australia | 62 |
| 5 | |  Wales | 46 |
| 6 | |  Scotland | 41 |
| 7 | |  Spain | 25 |
| 8 | |  United States | 23 |
| 9 |  |  New Zealand | 5 |
| 10 |  1 |  Italy | 0 |
| Complete rankings at www.internationalrugbyleague.com | |||
The game shares many features with the regular rugby league:[18]
The game then sees its own particular rules:
The inaugural Wheelchair Rugby League World Cup was held at indoor venues in Sydney, Australia in 2008.
The 2013 Wheelchair RL World Cup was held in Gillingham, England in July. It saw a tightly fought game with big collisions culminate in a victory for France.
The 2017 World Cup was held in the south of France in July. The holders, France, triumphed over a strong England side in another tightly fought contest.
The 2021 World Cup (played in 2022 due to theCOVID-19 pandemic) took place inEngland with 8 teams, England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, France, Spain, USA and Australia. For the USA this was to be their first major tournament. England defeated France 28–24 in the final in Manchester with an attendance of 4,526, the largest in the sport's history.[21] Also, in a world first, all matches were broadcast by the BBC.
| Year | Host nation(s) | Teams | Final result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winner | Score | Runner-up | |||
| 2008 | Sydney,Australia | 4 | England | 44–12 | Australia |
| 2013[22] | Gillingham,England | 6 | France | 42–40[23] | England |
| 2017 | France | 7 | France | 38–34 | England |
| 2021 | England | 8 | England | 28–24[24] | France |
TheWheelchair Rugby League European Championship was first held in 2015 as a one off tournament. It is expected to occur every four years from 2023.
| Year | Host nation(s) | Teams | Final result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winner | Score | Runner-up | |||
| 2015 | Gillingham,England | 5 | England | 28–24 | France |
TheCeltic Cup has been held annually since 2015 and features the threeCeltic nations of theBritish Isles –Ireland,Scotland, andWales.
TheFassolette-Kielty Trophy is a challenge competition betweenEngland andFrance, and is played for during all non-tournament tests.
TheAshes is a competition betweenAustralia andEngland. It was first contested in 2019.[25]
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The British domestic league is one of the more established in the world with over twenty teams from across the country taking part. They feature in theRFL Wheelchair Super League,Championship League and regional development leagues. Teams in Britain include:[28][31]
As with the running variant of the sport, most of the French wheelchair rugby league teams are situated in the south of the country. A list of clubs include:[27]
Unlike the running game, the Scottish league is not integrated into theBritish rugby league system, however the teams have played in the all Great BritainWheelchair Challenge Cup.
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