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Wetarese language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Austronesian language of Wetar, Indonesia
Wetarese
Wetar
Tutunohan
Native toIndonesia
RegionWetar Island
Native speakers
(11,000 cited 1990–2010)[1]
Austronesian
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
apx – Aputai
ilu – Iliʼuun
wet – Perai
tzn – Tugun
Glottologweta1245
ELPAputai

Wetarese is anAustronesian language ofWetar, an island in the southMaluku, Indonesia, and of the nearby islandLiran.[2]

Background

[edit]

The four identified principal varieties of Wetarese on Wetar – Aputai, Iliʼuun, Perai and Tugun – are distinct enough that some may consider them to be different languages.

Wetarese is closely related toGaloli (spoken on the north coast ofEast Timor and by an immigrant community on the south coast of Wetar) and toAtauran (spoken onAtauro island).

Phonology

[edit]

The following represents the Tugun dialect:[3]

Consonants

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Consonant phonemes[3]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Plosivevoicelessptkʔ
voicedɡ
Fricativevoicelessfsh
voicedv
Nasalmnŋ
Tap/Trillɾ ~r
Laterall
  • /v/ may also be heard as[w] in free variation.[3]
  • /r/ is mainly heard as[r] in word-final position or in slower speech, it is heard as[ɾ] elsewhere.[3]
  • /ʔ/ only occurs in word-medial positions.[3]

Vowels

[edit]
Vowel phonemes[3]
FrontCentralBack
Closeiu
Close-mideo
Opena
  • Sounds/eu/ are also heard asʊ].[3]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^Aputai atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Iliʼuun atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Perai atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
    Tugun atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Hull, Geoffrey (2002),The Languages of East Timor: Some Basic Facts(PDF), Instituto Nacional de Linguística, Universidade Nacional de Timor Lorosa'e, archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2009-10-01, retrieved2014-02-25
  3. ^abcdefgHinton (2000), p. 115

References

[edit]
  • Hinton, Bryan D. (2000). "The languages of Wetar: recent survey results and word lists with notes on Tugun grammar". In Grimes, Charles E. (ed.).Spices from the East: Papers in Languages of Eastern Indonesia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 105–129.doi:10.15144/PL-503.105.hdl:1885/146101.
Aru
Central Maluku *
West
East
Nunusaku
Piru Bay ?
Flores–Lembata
Lamaholot
Kei–Tanimbar ?
Sumba–Flores
Sumba–Hawu
Savu
Sumba
Western Flores
Timoric *
Babar
Central Timor *
Kawaimina
Luangic–Kisaric ?
Rote–Meto
TNS
Wetar–Galoli ?
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  • * indicates proposed status
  • ? indicates classification dispute
  • † indicatesextinct status
Official language
Malayo-Sumbawan
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Ibanic
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Asmat–Mombum
West Bird's Head
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West Bomberai
Dani
Paniai Lakes
Digul River
Foja Range
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East Cenderawasih Bay
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Ok
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Skou
South Pauwasi
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Bulaka River
Kayagar
Border
Senagi
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Unclassfied or language isolates
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Creoles andPidgins
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† indicateextinct languages
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