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Western New York
Region
Left to right from top:Buffalo's skyline,Rochester's skyline,Niagara Falls in the winter,Letchworth State Park in autumn, the2008 NHL Winter Classic atHighmark Stadium, a nighttime game atFrontier Field.
Western New York counties
Country	United States
State	New York
Region	Western New York
Counties[citation needed]	Allegany,Cattaraugus,Chautauqua,Erie,Genesee,Livingston,Monroe,Niagara,Ontario,Orleans,Schuyler,Seneca,Steuben,Wayne,Wyoming,Yates
Cities	Buffalo,Rochester,Niagara Falls,Batavia,Jamestown,Lockport,Canandaigua,North Tonawanda,Geneva
Area
• Total	15,107 sq mi (39,130 km2)
Population  (2017)
• Total	2,800,878
• Density	185.40/sq mi (71.584/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern Standard Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (Eastern Daylight Time)
Area code	315,585,607,716

Part ofa series on
Regions of New York
Downstate New York New York City Long Island Hudson Valley (Lower)
Upstate New York Hudson Valley (Middle and Upper) Capital District North Country Southern Tier Mohawk Valley Central New York Finger Lakes Western New York
Administrative divisions Counties Cities Towns Indian reservations Unorganized Territory Villages Census-designated places Places (including hamlets)
Timelines of town creation Downstate New York Hudson Valley Capital District North Country Central New York Southern Tier Western New York
v t e

Western New York (WNY) is the westernmost region of theU.S. state ofNew York. The eastern boundary of the region is not consistently defined by state agencies or those who call themselves "Western New Yorkers". Almost all sources agree WNY includes the cities ofBuffalo,Niagara Falls,Jamestown, and the surrounding suburbs, as well as the outlying rural areas ofNiagara Frontier, and Chautauqua-Alleghany (or the westernSouthern Tier). Many would also placeRochester and theGenesee Valley in the region, although these locations are also sometimes included in theFinger Lakes Region.

The State of New York sometimes defines the WNY region as including just five counties:Allegany,Cattaraugus,Chautauqua,Erie, andNiagara. The state's Empire State Development Corporation and state health authorities have both mapped the region this way.^[1] The state has also used this regional boundary to set policy during theCOVID-19 pandemic.^[2]

More commonly, WNY has been defined to include at leastGenesee,Orleans, andWyoming counties as well. Almost all descriptions of WNY in the Buffalo media market define it as this eight county area.^[3] Most organizations that use WNY in their name including the WNY College Consortium, the WNY Genealogical Society, WNY PRISM, the Psychological Association of WNY, and the WNY Land Conservancy describe themselves as working in these eight counties.^{[4][5][6][7][8]}

Others, such as Clarion Publications, the publisher of the WNY Travel Guide and WesternNY.com, have used the term Western New York to describe a much larger area consisting of 17 counties. In addition to those counties mentioned, they addChemung,Livingston,Monroe,Ontario,Schuyler,Seneca,Steuben,Wayne, andYates as well.^[9]

The rest of this article uses that definition. The 17 counties have a land area of 11,764 square miles (30,470 km²).^[9] They include the area of theHolland Purchase and thePhelps and Gorham Purchase.

The area is primarily served by Buffalo and Rochestermedia markets, although there is considerable overlap between these two markets, as well as other American and Canadian media markets (particularly from nearbyToronto)[citation needed]. In terms of thecombined statistical areas used by theUnited States Census Bureau, Western New York consists of theBuffalo–Cheektowaga–Olean, NY area, theRochester–Batavia–Seneca Falls, NY area, and theElmira–Corning, NY area.^[10]

Western New York is in some contexts considered a sub-region of "Upstate New York" (when that term is used to describe all of New York State outsideLong Island and theNew York City metropolitan area); in most cases however, New Yorkers identify by specific regionalities such as Western New York or Central New York in preference to the vague and broader term Upstate New York.

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Western New York is generally considered to have 2–4 subregions:

1. Greater Niagara
2. Chautauqua–Allegheny
3. Genesee
4. Western Finger Lakes (sometimes considered part of Central New York)

The Greater Niagara Region (or the Niagara Frontier), comprises Niagara and Erie counties and parts of Genesee and Wyoming counties. It is named for its major features, the Niagara river andNiagara Falls.Buffalo is its largest urban center.

The Chautauqua–Allegheny Region (also known as Southwestern New York or the WesternSouthern Tier) comprises Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, and Allegany counties. The region is mountainous. The largest urban center isJamestown, andChautauqua Lake andAllegany State Park are major geographical features.

The third region, the Genesee Region, comprises Monroe, Livingston, Wayne, Orleans, Ontario, and Yates counties and parts of Genesee and Wyoming counties.Rochester is its largest urban center. Letchworth State Park is a major geographical feature.

The fourth region is that of the western Finger Lakes Region composed of parts of Seneca, Steuben, Schuyler, and Chemung counties. While parts of the Finger Lakes are considered within Western New York (as either a region or quadrant) the eastern portions are typically considered a part of Central New York.

The Genesee region and Western Finger Lakes region are often combined and described as theFinger Lakes region.

Western New York also includes severalSeneca Nation enclaves.

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If it were counted as a single area, the population of Western New York would number just over 2.6 million, and would rank as the 24th largestmetropolitan area of the United States, between thePittsburgh metropolitan area and theSacramento, California metropolitan area. However, the U.S. Census Bureau has classified theBuffalo andRochester areas as two different metropolitan areas. If it were counted as a state, the population of Western New York would rank as the 37th most populated state in the United States.

• Allegany County, population 48,357
• Cattaraugus County, population 79,458
• Chautauqua County, population 133,539
• Chemung County, population 88,911
• Erie County, population 954,236
• Genesee County, population 59,977
• Livingston County, population 64,810
• Monroe County, population 759,443
• Niagara County, population 215,124
• Ontario County, population 108,519
• Orleans County, population 42,836
• Schuyler County, population 18,514
• Seneca County, population 35,305
• Steuben County, population 99,063
• Wayne County, population 92,962
• Wyoming County, population 41,892
• Yates County, population 25,344

The following cities are found in the 17 western counties:

Batavia,Buffalo,Canandaigua,Corning,Dunkirk,Elmira,Geneva,Hornell,Jamestown,Lackawanna,Lockport,Niagara Falls,North Tonawanda,Olean,Rochester,Salamanca,Tonawanda.

The following villages are found in the 17 western counties:

Addison,Akron,Albion,Alden,Alexander,Alfred,Allegany,Almond,Andover,Angelica,Angola,Arcade,Arkport,Attica,Avoca,Avon,Barker,Bath,Belmont,Bemus Point,Bergen,Blasdell,Bloomfield,Bolivar,Brockport,Brocton,Burdett,Caledonia,Canaseraga,Canisteo,Cassadaga,Castile,Cattaraugus,Celoron,Cherry Creek,Churchville,Clarence,Clifton Springs,Clyde,Cohocton,Corfu,Cuba,Dansville,Delevan,Depew,Dresden,Dundee,Dunkirk,East Aurora,East Randolph,East Rochester,Eden,Elba,Ellicottville,Elmira Heights,Fairport,Falconer,Farnham,Forestville,Franklinville,Fredonia,Gainesville,Geneseo,Gowanda,Hamburg,Hammondsport,Hilton,Holley,Honeoye Falls,Horseheads,Interlaken,Kenmore,Lakewood,Lancaster,Le Roy,Leicester,Lewiston,Lima,Limestone,Little Valley,Livonia,Lodi,Lyndonville,Lyons,Lockport,Macedon,Manchester,Mayville,Medina,Middleport,Millport,Montour Falls,Mount Morris,Naples,Newark,Newfane,North Collins,North Hornell,North Tonawanda,Nunda,Oakfield,Odessa,Orchard Park,Ovid,Painted Post,Palmyra,Panama,Pavilion,Penn Yan,Perry,Perrysburg,Phelps,Pike,Pittsford,Portville,Randolph,Red Creek,Richburg,Riverside,Rushville,Savona,Scottsville,Sherman,Shortsville,Silver Creek,Silver Springs,Sinclairville,Sloan,Sodus,Sodus Point,South Corning,South Dayton,Spencerport,Springville,Tonawanda,Van Etten,Victor,Warsaw,Waterloo,Watkins Glen,Wayland,Webster,Wellsburg,Wellsville,Westfield,Williamsville,Wilson,Wolcott,Wyoming andYoungstown.

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Western New York has ahumid continental climate heavily influenced by bothLake Erie andLake Ontario. Winters are long and cold, often lasting from around mid-November to early April. There are often snows before and after that period, as well. Western New York is known for itslake effect snows, which can result in highly localized, sometimes intense and even historic snow events. Lake effect storms are a result of cold air picking up water vapor as it blows over warm lake waters. Lake effect snows are usually most active between November and February and typically diminish when Lake Erie freezes over. Generally, the heaviest amount of snow in Western New York during the winter falls near the southern end of Erie County as well as in Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, and Wyoming counties. Spring and fall in Western New York are usually short and changeable. The presence of the lakes allows for fruit growing and wine production along areas adjacent to both lakes, which retard the development of damaging spring and fall frost, thereby extending the growing season. Lost in its famed winters, Western New York summers are among the sunniest in the Northeast and are generally very pleasant. Thanks in part to breezes blowing over Lakes Erie and Ontario (which are usually cooler than the air temperature in the summer), most of Western New York enjoy generally cooler and more comfortable summers than other regions in the same climatic zone.

Interstate System

• Interstate 90, also known as theNew York State Thruway
• Interstate 86 in the Southern Tier
• Interstate 190 in the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan area
• Interstate 290 in the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan area
• Interstate 390 (the formerU.S. Route 15) in the Genesee Valley region
• Interstate 490 in the Rochester Metro area
• Interstate 590 in the Rochester Metro area
• Interstate 990 in the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan area

U.S. Routes

• U.S. Route 20
• U.S. Route 20a
• U.S. Route 62
• U.S. Route 219

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Western New York has two airports that provide significant regular passenger service,Buffalo–Niagara International Airport andGreater Rochester International Airport.^[18][19] Buffalo–Niagara International Airport is the most patronized airport facility in Western New York. While it primarily serves as the regional airport for theBuffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Area, the facility doubles as a gateway to Canada, and a good portion of its passengers (33%) are Canadian. The second major airport in Western New York,Greater Rochester International Airport, does not see as much traffic as Buffalo–Niagara International Airport. Still, located just three nautical miles southwest of Downtown Rochester, the facility provides convenient access to airline service for many residents of theRochester Metropolitan Area.

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The northern part of Western New York features four railroad stations in service on theEmpire Corridor:Rochester,Buffalo–Depew,Buffalo–Exchange Street andNiagara Falls.^[20] The Buffalo–Exchange Street and Niagara Falls stations do not see as much rail service as the other two Western New York stations due to the fact that, west of Depew Station, Amtrak'sLake Shore Limited leaves the Empire Corridor en route to the Midwest. For a period of time, there were proposals to service these four stations withhigh-speed rail. A major objective of implementing high-speed rail service was to better connect Western New York as well as the rest of Upstate New York with New York City. However, little of substance has come of these proposals.

Service to other parts of Western New York ended from the mid-1960s to 1970. TheErie Lackawanna'sPhoebe Snow served on a southeastern trajectory from Buffalo toElmira,Binghamton,Scranton andHoboken; service ended in 1966. The E-L'sLake Cities originated inChicago, passing through Western New York'sJamestown, then through the rest of theSouthern Tier,Orange County and terminating at Hoboken, NJ; service ended on January 6, 1970. ThePennsylvania Railroad'sBuffalo Day Express was another route serving Western New York, traveling south toBaltimore viaOlean andHarrisburg; this train was discontinued in 1967, but an unnamed Penn Central (PC) successor lasted through April 30, 1971, when AMTRAK assumed most of the remaining U.S. rail passenger service but declined to serve the Baltimore-Harrisburg-Buffalo route of the former PRR/PC.^[21]

TheBuffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad andWNY&P both operate freight service in the region. A few shortline railroads also offer rail service, including theNew York and Lake Erie Railroad and theArcade and Attica Railroad.

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TheNiagara Frontier Transportation Authority runs regular bus service throughout the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area.^[22] TheRochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority serves Rochester and surrounding counties, and theChautauqua Area Regional Transit System serves Chautauqua County.First Transit contracts with theSeneca Nation of Indians, the Olean Area Transit System and Access Allegany to provide public transportation to most of the Southern Tier.

In addition to the public transportation authorities, which provide limited intercity connections, several commercial intercity bus services also operate.Coach USA operates a loop service between Buffalo, Jamestown and Olean; the bus connects to a route to New York City in Olean and toMegabus service to Toronto and New York City in Buffalo. FullingtonTrailways operates a daily rural route between Buffalo and various locations in Pennsylvania;New York Trailways also serves Buffalo and Rochester, connecting to various locations, as doesGreyhound Bus Lines. One discount "Chinatown service" operates in Western New York; Ocean Travel runs anovernight express service between Buffalo, Rochester and New York City.

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In its early history, Western New York was settled by native cultures including the Hopewell. The territory of Western New York, until the 17th century, was held by theNeutral Nation in the northern Niagara region and theWenrohronon andErie Indians around theAllegheny River. TheSeneca nation and their allies in theIroquois Confederacy eliminated those tribes in wars during theBeaver Wars between 1638 and 1701, with any survivors being assimilated into the Senecas (in the case of the Erie and Neutral) or Huron (in the case of the Wenro). The Neutral territory is currently held byTuscaroras, who moved up fromthe Carolinas while refugees from the Erie tribes moved south to the Carolinas.

French forces settled in parts of what is now Western New York through much of the 17th century, beginning withÉtienne Brûlé's pass-through of the region in 1615 andJoseph de La Roche Daillon's missionary journeys in the 1620s; some relics of their presence, includingFort Niagara and aportage road that follows modernNew York State Route 394 betweenLake Erie andChautauqua Lake, are still visible in the region.

Western New York's land was acquired from the Iroquois through theNanfan Treaty, which ceded the territory to England at the end of the Beaver Wars in 1701. At the time, four of the British colonies (Pennsylvania,New York,Massachusetts andConnecticut) laid claim to the unsettled territory, as didNew France until theSeven Years' War. Most of Western New York was officially off-limits to all of the colonies as a result of the establishment of anIndian Reserve over the area following the Seven Years' War. By the 1780s, only New York and Massachusetts still maintained their claims to the territory, which was separated from mainland New York by aPreemption Line.

Under federal policy designed to extinguish the states'Revolutionary War debts, the states were required toextinguish their western land claims. Massachusetts extinguished its claim to the territory in exchange for receiving the profits from its sale to settlers. New York was the only colony not to extinguish its western claim, and by way of the1786 Treaty of Hartford, the land, with the exception of asmall triangle that was ceded to Pennsylvania in 1792, officially became Western New York. (Had New York extinguished its claim, it would have likely become part of theNorthwest Territory established the next year and formed part of a new state.) Native title, with the exception of several reservations, was extinguished in theTreaty of Canandaigua in 1794, while thePhelps and Gorham Purchase andHolland Purchase opened the territory for settling. During theWar of 1812 Western New York was part of theborderland frontier between the United States and British Canada and became the scene of various military actions.

The two major Western New York cities, Buffalo and Rochester, benefited greatly from the opening of theErie Canal. With its strategic position at the western end of the Erie Canal, the eastern end of Lake Erie and proximity to Niagara Falls and Canada, Buffalo emerged as a major port.Niagara Falls provided Buffalo with a ready supply of power, so much so that one of its enduring nicknames is "The City of Light". Buffalo experienced steady growth during the 19th century and at one point was one of the 10 most populated cities in the United States. According to some, Rochester was "America's First Boomtown"^[23] and was a key player in the flour industry (hence its initial nickname "Flour City"). Its growth was attributed to both the completion of the Erie Canal and its resulting significance in the flour industry. Olean was originally planned to be a similar major hub, but it proved to be at a major disadvantage: located near the headwaters of theAllegheny River (a factor its planners had hoped would make the city a gateway to the Midwest), the river was too shallow to support large boat travel or shipping on a consistent basis.^[24] As a region, Western New York played a significant role in the American economy during the 19th century. Large scale immigration from Ireland, Italy, Poland, Great Britain and Germany soon followed into the region.

TheNew Religious Movement known asSpiritualism was among several that arose in the early 19th centuryburned-over district of Western New York. Its major center isLily Dale, one of the largest spiritualism communities in the United States. The original house of theFox sisters was relocated to Lily Dale in 1916.Joseph Smith Jr., founder of theLatter Day Saint movement, reported receiving the Book of Mormon in Palmyra, Wayne County. The women's civic organizationZonta was founded in Buffalo in 1919.

In the late 20th century this area became part of theRust Belt of the United States, being a focal point for the transportation of grain, steel, and coal. The opening of theWelland Canal in 1957 effectively rendered the narrower Erie Canal obsolete, further exacerbating economic problems in the region. The area saw an economic decline during the period ofdeindustrialization, leaving many empty steel mills including those ofBethlehem Steel, which was the 2nd largest steel mill in the world. The plant located inLackawanna, New York provided nearly 25,000 jobs to the local economy.Republic Steel also had a large integratedsteel mill located inSouth Buffalo.General Motors in Tonawanda is the largest vehicle engine plant in the world, which still is a major contributor to the Buffalo area economy.Ford Motor Company also maintains a large manufacturing facility inWoodlawn, New York, which is just south ofBuffalo.

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Western New York is culturally a Great Lakes/Interior Northeastern area, with a dose ofAppalachia in theSouthern Tier, an overlapping region of the state.Buffalo appears to have similarities to other Great Lakes cities/areas, while having Northeastern proclivities. The similarities with Chicago and Milwaukee run the list from sharing a common industrial base traditionally built aroundsteel andautomobile manufacturing. The cities were both developed during the same period inAmerican history, so the street patterns,architecture, and ethnic communities share a similar appearance. Linguistically, Western New York is part of theInland North region of American English, which means it is subject to theNorthern Cities vowel shift; a distinct variant of that accent, "Buffalo English", is heard in many parts of the region.

Finally, most Western New York sports fans support theBuffalo Bills andBuffalo Sabres. Team loyalties of sports fans in the rest of upstate New York are more divided. Most baseball fans support theCleveland Guardians,New York Yankees andNew York Mets, although theToronto Blue Jays have seen an increase in support due to the influx of Canadians in the area - as well as the region's proximity to Toronto, the Blue Jays' increased on-field success in the mid-2010s, the affiliation with the longstanding minor leagueBuffalo Bisons, and the Blue Jays playing much of their 2020 and 2021 schedule in Buffalo.^[25][26] ThePittsburgh Pirates have some following in southwestern New York, and teams with national fanbases such as theBoston Red Sox andChicago Cubs also have followings. The region has no clear favorite professional basketball franchise, with theBrooklyn Nets,Cleveland Cavaliers,New York Knicks andToronto Raptors all claiming parts of the region as part of theirregional broadcasting territories. (Western New York puts more emphasis oncollege basketball, where the "Big 4" Division I programs—Canisius, Niagara, St. Bonaventure and UB—all have strong followings and rivalries; while most attention has been centered around the men's college basketball teams, the recent success of UB and St. Bonaventure's women's teams has led to increased attention to women's basketball in the region. The college basketball scene once had enough clout to help drive Buffalo's NBA team, the 1970s-eraBuffalo Braves, out of the city.) Syracuse University sports, being the closestmajor-conference school to the region, also has a sizable following in western New York, particularly in basketball.College football interest is minimal, with no team having a major following (not even UB, who has struggled to maintain its Division I football program despite modest success). For hockey, other than theBuffalo Sabres, the region is also home to a number ofToronto Maple Leafs,New York Rangers andPittsburgh Penguins supporters.

"Friday nightfish fry" is popular regionally, a holdover from when Catholics were forbidden to eat meat on Fridays. It is usually skinless cod although most restaurants in the area claim they use the higher quality haddock, and is frequently beer-battered, deep fried, and served with French fries and cole slaw. Numerous restaurants in Western New York have a Friday fish fry special. The fish fry retains particular popularity duringLent, when Catholics are still barred from eating meat on Friday.^[27]

Italian-American food is a specialty in western New York. Most towns in the region have pizzerias.^{[citation needed]} TheTexas hot, introduced by Greek immigrants in the 1920s, has a strong following in the region, and several hot dog stands offer the dish. Longstanding Texas hot stands includeTed's Hot Dogs in Buffalo (1927),Rigas Texas Hot inWellsville (1921),^[28] and Johnny's Lunch inJamestown^[29][30] (1936; the Colera family is also tied to several other Jamestown stands such as AJ Texas Hots, which launched in 1968, and Michael's, which operated from 1976 to 2021).^[31][32]

The region produces many agricultural products, including milk, maple syrup, apples, cherries, potatoes, sweet corn, strawberries, raspberries, peaches, and grapes. As with the rest ofUpstate New York,dairy farming is an important part of the economy. New York State is a leading producer among the states of dairy, maple, and wine.^{[citation needed]}

Pizza logs, consisting of a deep-friedegg roll with pizza filling, originated in and are still manufactured inSanborn.^[33]

Perhaps the best-known food specialty of Western New York isBuffalo chicken wings (known locally simply as 'wings' or 'chicken wings'). The two best-known places to get wings areDuff's and theAnchor Bar, which have a strong local rivalry in Buffalo and both are expanding outside the city.^[34]

At the 1885Erie County Fair (known as the Hamburg Fair) inHamburg, New York, Frank and Charles Menches sold a ground beef sandwich, which is one of the earliest claims of the invention of thehamburger.^[35]

Beef on Weck is a regional favorite and a local invention in which sliced warm roast beef is piled high on aKummelweck roll topped with caraway seeds and large grained salt,au jus and horseradish are often added to the sandwich.^{[citation needed]}

Butter lambs are a popular tradition in Buffalo during the Lenten season leading intoEaster. The Broadway Market, a market in Buffalo, is famous for this product.^{[citation needed]}

The Rochester area is known for theGarbage Plate. It was created and continues to be served byNick Tahou Hots on West Main Street. The name "Garbage Plate" is trademarked by Nick Tahou's, but other Rochester restaurants serve the same or similar dish under other names, usually containing the word "plate". TheRochester Red Wings baseball team concessions atFrontier Field, for example, offer the "Home Plate".

A component of the garbage plate and many other local dishes is a topping known in Rochester as "hot sauce." The term in this context does not refer to apepper sauce, but to a spiced sauce containing bits of meat.^[36]

Another food associated with the Rochester area is the "white hot", ahot dog with a slight variation of ingredients that appears without the distinctive pink color of most hot dogs; when ordering a hot dog in Rochester it is common to be asked to clarify whether it should be "red or white".^[37]

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In urban areas in Western New York, education, business, light manufacturing and tourism have replaced heavy manufacturing which left the area at the end of World War II. Rochester and Buffalo were especially hard-hit with the exodus of manufacturing jobs to other areas of the United States and nations like China and Mexico.Niagara Falls was also hard-hit and has shed half of its population since its peak in 1960. Today, major corporations in Western New York includeKodak,Wegmans,Bausch & Lomb,Xerox,M&T Bank,KeyBank andMoog, among many others.General Motors continues to operate three facilities in the region. Rochester Components Operations, formerly known as Rochester Division, produces fuel system components. Lockport Operations, formerly Harrison Thermal Systems, produces cooling system components and was awarded $154 million for additional and future products in 2022.^[38] Finally, Tonawanda Power Train originally opened in 1938 as aChevrolet engine plant and continues producing 4 and 8 cylinder engines in the Buffalo area.

Outside of the cities, agriculture has always been a major factor in the economy, especiallydairy farming.

Ski country runs through Western New York.Glenwood andEllicottville both have multiple ski resorts within their boundaries; Ellicottville, in particular, has seen massivegentrification from the development of the large ski resorts within the town boundaries and has attempted to build on that growth by branding itself as a year-round destination with numerous festivals. At their peak in the 1960s, over a dozen ski resorts were in Western New York, most of them in Cattaraugus County.

InNiagara County,viticulture, or wine culture, is also becoming a driver of the economy. In order to take advantage of this, the state has created the Niagara Wine Trail. To a certain extent, viticulture is also prominent inChautauqua County, whereWelch's has a long history; the western Finger Lakes also have a wine industry.

American Rock Salt, the largest operatingsalt mine in the United States, is located in Livingston County.^[39]

During the late 1990s, then-GovernorGeorge Pataki signed an agreement granting theSeneca Nation of New York the right to acquire and build three full-scalecasino gaming operations. The three casinos (Seneca Niagara Casino in Niagara Falls,Seneca Allegany Casino in Salamanca and the controversialSeneca Buffalo Creek Casino in Buffalo) are the only casinos that operate over all of Western New York as part of the agreement, for which the Senecas pay a portion of revenues to the state of New York (which, in turn, returns part of that money to the host municipalities). Twice over the course of the compact's history have the Senecas stopped paying their exclusivity payments: once in a dispute over whethervideo lottery terminals constituted the breach of the agreement, and again in 2017 after the Senecas claimed they are no longer required to pay the exclusivity payments but still maintain exclusivity under the language of the agreement.

The three native tribes in the region (Seneca Nation,Tonawanda Band andTuscarora) also have a large influence in theconvenience store sector. The tribes have long maintained that they are exempt from stateexcise taxes on gasoline and tobacco products, which allows native-owned convenience stores to provide lower prices than their non-native counterparts. Gasoline tax advantages were most pronounced in the 1990s, when low overall gas prices made the tax advantage far more noticeable. In the 1990s and 2000s, a mail-order tobacco industry thrived on Seneca reservations, an industry that has mostly been cut off since then. Increasing regulations now prohibit Senecas from receiving or selling name-brand cigarettes without taxes, sending tobacco products by mail (Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking Act) or private delivery, or accepting credit cards for remote purchases; the Senecas still sell native-produced tobacco products in brick-and-mortar stores on the reservations. Large tobacco farms can be seen in much of theCattaraugus Reservation to meet the demand for native-grown, tax-exempt tobacco.

Western New York is home to many small, medium and large corporations, including:

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Western New York is home to two significant scenic attractions.Niagara Falls is undoubtedly the most famous attraction in Western New York. Forming part of Western New York's border with Canada, the Falls has evolved into a major destination for tourists and locals alike.

Another, less famous scenic attraction, isLetchworth State Park. Located 35 miles south of Rochester, Letchworth State Park has been termed "The Grand Canyon of the East".

Allegany State Park in southern Cattaraugus County offers 65,000 acres of recreation space for camping, hiking, cabin rentals, swimming, and (during the winter) snowmobiling and cross-country skiing. It is mostly surrounded by theAllegany Indian Reservation and to the south by theAllegheny National Forest.

Western New York is also known as the home of theChautauqua Institution nearJamestown, New York. Jamestown is also home to the Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Museum.

A small, but important, historic site is theHolland Land Office inBatavia, New York.

Many towns along a nationally important historic site, theErie Canal, have lovely waterfront parks and bike trails.

TheGenesee Country Village and Museum inMumford, New York is a well-known living history museum.

TheGeorge Eastman House is in Rochester, and is the world's oldest photography museum.

TheTheodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site, known locally as the Wilcox Mansion, is in Buffalo. It is the site of the first presidential inauguration ofTheodore Roosevelt following the assassination of PresidentWilliam McKinley who had been attending thePan-American Exposition in Buffalo in 1901.

Darien Lake, a theme park and concert venue in Genesee County, is also a popular summertime destination, drawing in crowds from all over Western and Central New York, as well as from southern Ontario.^{[citation needed]} It has benefited from its location about halfway between Buffalo and Rochester and is one of the region's most successful concert venues.

Western New York is represented by two major league sports teams: theBuffalo Bills of theNFL and theBuffalo Sabres of theNHL. The Bills play their home football games atHighmark Stadium, the largest sports stadium in all of New York State, located just south of the city of Buffalo inOrchard Park. The Bills are the only team to reach theSuper Bowl in four consecutive seasons (1990–1993) in NFL history.

TheBuffalo Sabres also have a strong following in Western New York, and are consistently ranked among the highest-rated local TV hockey markets and the highest-rated markets for NBC/NBCSN regular season games.^[40][41][42] Primarily because of the strong regional interest in the team, in 2016MSG Western New York was launched. Theregional sports network is a sub-feed of theMSG Network, but is tilted towards Western New York sports and controlled byPegula Sports and Entertainment. The Sabres reached theStanley Cup Finals in1975 and1999. TheToronto Maple Leafs andOttawa Senators are the Sabres' biggest rivals. On January 1, 2008, the Sabres played thePittsburgh Penguins in the inauguralWinter Classic at Ralph Wilson Stadium (now Highmark Stadium). This was the first ever regular-season NHL game held outdoors to be played in the United States.^[43]

Rochester is the 10th largest metropolitan area in the United States to not include a major professional team.^[44]

ThreeMinor League Baseball teams play in Western New York: theBuffalo Bisons andRochester Red Wings, both in theTriple-AInternational League North Division, and affiliates of theToronto Blue Jays andWashington Nationals, respectively.^[45][46]

Collegiate summer baseball has an extensive presence in the area. TheNew York Collegiate Baseball League has several teams in Western New York (theNiagara Power,Wellsville Nitros, Alfred Thunder, Geneva Red Wings,Olean Oilers and Webster Yankees), as does thePerfect Game Collegiate Baseball League (theJamestown Tarp Skunks and the formerly-professionalBatavia Muckdogs).

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Western New York has several teams that participate insemi-professional and amateur football. The Northeastern Football Alliance hosts teams in Buffalo, Jamestown, Olean and Lyndonville; the Premier Amateur Football League operates a team in South Buffalo.^[47]

The Buffalo Sabres minor league affiliate, theRochester Americans, play in theAmerican Hockey League.^[48]

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Lacrosse, the national sport of the native Iroquois, is popular in the region, with theBuffalo Bandits andRochester Knighthawks both perennial contenders in theNational Lacrosse League. From 2008 to 2017 lacrosse fans could also watch theRochester Rattlers ofMajor League Lacrosse during the summer months or attend box lacrosse games in arenas on the Seneca reservations.

Western New York currently does not have a team inMajor League Soccer (occasionally considered the fifth major league on the American sporting landscape), although Rochester had been mentioned in the past as a candidate for a new expansion franchise and previously hosted theRochester Lancers in MLS's predecessor, theNASL. The speculation of Rochester getting an MLS team was due to the relative success of theRochester Rhinos. However, the Rhinos later a downturn in attendance due to a number of factors leading to the team going dormant in 2018 and re-emerging as Rochester, NY FC in a lower division of soccer in 2022.^[49] Such speculation has also decreased in the 21st century, in part because of MLS's refusal to put teams in metropolitan areas without any other major league teams and greatly increased competition for MLS expansion franchises. The former Rhinos franchise are best known as being the only non-MLS team to win theUS Open Cup since that competition was opened to MLS teams.

Western New York was represented inNational Women's Soccer League by theWestern New York Flash, a team that originally began play in the W-league in 2008. The Flash, like the Rhinos, played its home games atSahlen's Stadium in Rochester but were based out of suburban Buffalo. U.S. soccer starAbby Wambach was a member of the Flash. In 2017 the team transferred its NWSL rights to North Carolina and self-relegated to an amateur team. The Western New York region is home toFC Buffalo and the current incarnation of theRochester Lancers, both of whom compete in theNPSL.

Noindoor soccer teams currently play in the region. The region had previously been represented by theBuffalo Stallions,Buffalo Blizzard and anotherRochester Lancers.

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Western New York is home to many differentgolf coursees andcountry clubs including:Oak Hill Country Club,Grover Cleveland Golf Course,Niagara Falls Country Club,Hyde Park Golf Club,The Park Country Club,Beaver Island State Park Golf Course, andRiver Oak Golf Club,Locust Hill among others.

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A number of Motorsports tracks operate in Western New York. The most prominent of these isHolland Speedway, aNASCAR-sanctioned track (currently hosting races in theWhelen All-American Series). Other, generallydirt, tracks includeStateline Speedway inBusti,Little Valley Speedway inLittle Valley,Freedom Raceway inFreedom, Chapel Hill Raceway inHumphrey,Ransomville Speedway inRansomville andCanandaigua Motorsports Park inCanandaigua. The last of these is the location in which NASCAR driverTony Stewart was involved in a fatal accident with fellow racer Kevin Ward Jr. in 2014 during asprint car race.

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College hockey also has a following, withCanisius College,Niagara University, andRochester Institute of Technology competing at theDivision I level and several other teams (including most of the SUNY schools) competing inDivision III and/or theACHA.

College basketball has several teams in the area. The four teams in Division I are known as the "Big 4" and include the Canisius Golden Griffins,Niagara Purple Eagles,UB Bulls, andSt. Bonaventure Bonnies. Prior to UB's ascension to Division I, the three other schools—allRoman Catholic institutions—were known as theLittle Three. In addition to the men's teams, thewomen's basketball teams ofUB andSt. Bonaventure have earned national success in the 2010s.

College football is much more sparse; only one team competes at the Division I Bowl Subdivision, the State University of New York at Buffalo'sUB Bulls.Erie Community College fields a team in junior college football known as the Kats, while Buffalo State, Brockport State, TheUniversity of Rochester,St. John Fisher College, Alfred State and Alfred University field teams at the Division III level.

Greater Rochester is the largest metropolitan area in the United States to not include a college or university with a fullNCAA Division I athletic program.Rochester Institute of Technology competes in Division I only in men's and women's ice hockey, and therefore cannot offerathletic scholarships.

Public high school athletic teams compete in sections 5 (Rochester area) and 6 (Buffalo area) of theNew York State Public High School Athletic Association. Western New York Roman Catholic high schools compete in theMonsignor Martin Athletic Association.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide forWestern New York.

• Aerial Photographs of Western New York

• Western New York
• Regions of New York (state)
• Upstate New York

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