"Wesleyan" has been used in the title of a number of historic and current denominations, although the subject of this article is the denomination titled "The Wesleyan Church". For a list of other denominations with Wesleyan in their title, please seeWesleyan Church (disambiguation).
TheWesleyan Church, also known as theWesleyan Methodist Church orWesleyan Holiness Church depending on the region, is a United States-basedChristian denomination headquartered inFishers, Indiana, with congregations across North America, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Namibia,Sierra Leone,Liberia, Indonesia, and Australia. The church is aligned with theHoliness movement and has roots in the teachings of British preacherJohn Wesley. It adheres toWesleyan-Arminian doctrine and is a member of theWorld Methodist Council.Wesleyan Life is the official publication; Global Partners the official nonprofit missions organization.
In 2017, there were 140,954 members in 1,607 congregations in North America, and an average worship attendance of 239,842.[5] In 2020, the number of congregations in the United States was 1,463.[6]
TheWesleyan Methodist Connection was officially formed in 1843 at an organizing conference inUtica, New York, by a group of ministers and laymen splitting from theMethodist Episcopal Church. The split was primarily over their objections to slavery, though they had secondary issues as well, such as ecclesiastical polity.Orange Scott presided as the meeting formed a federation of churches at first calling themselves theWesleyan Methodist Connection, a name chosen to emphasize the primacy of the local church, and the intended nature of the denomination as aconnection of churches.[7] Other leaders at the organizing conference wereLa Roy Sunderland, who had been tried and defrocked for his antislavery writings, Lucious C. Matlack, andLuther Lee, a minister who later operated anUnderground Railroad station inSyracuse, New York.
The denomination sponsored traveling preachers on the frontier and into Canada, where they appealed to workingmen and farmers. Typical was Rev.James Caughey, an American sent toOntario by the Wesleyan Methodist Church from the 1840s through 1864. He brought in converts by the score, most notably in the revivals in Canada West 1851–53. His technique combined restrained emotionalism with a clear call for personal commitment, coupled with follow-up action to organize support from converts. It was a time when theHoliness Movement caught fire, with the revitalized interest of men and women inChristian perfection. Caughey successfully bridged the gap between the style of earliercamp meetings and the needs of more sophisticated Methodist congregations in the emerging cities.[8]
In addition to advocating forabolitionism, the early Wesleyan Methodists championed the rights of women. In 1848, the Wesleyan Chapel inSeneca Falls, New York, hosted theSeneca Falls Convention, the firstwomen's rights convention. It is commemorated by the Women's Rights National Historical Park in the village today. Luther Lee, General President in 1856, preached at the ordination service ofAntoinette Brown (Blackwell), the very first woman ordained to the Christian ministry in the United States. The Alliance of Reformed Baptists of Canada ordained the very first woman to the ministry in Canada in the late 1800s. At General Conference in 1867, a resolution was adopted favoring the right of women to vote (as well as the right of freedmen—blacks). This was 44 years before the US constitution was amended to ensure women voting privileges.[9]
In 1966 the Wesleyan Methodist Church merged with the Alliance of Reformed Baptists of Canada and in 1968 with thePilgrim Holiness Church. It spread through revivals emphasizing a deepening experience with God calledholiness or sanctification. Heart purity was a central theme. During this period of time, many small churches developed through revivals and the emphasis ofentire sanctification (taught by John Wesley, but not emphasized by some mainline Methodists). As many as 25 or 30 small denominations were formed and eventually merged with other groups to enlarge the church. The church was strong in missionary and revival emphasis. The merger took place in 1968 at Anderson University, Anderson, Indiana.[10] Some conferences and local churches of the Wesleyan Methodist Church objected to the merger, thus resulting in a schism of theAllegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection with the Wesleyan Church,[1] as well as the creation of theBible Methodist Connection of Churches andBible Methodist Connection of Tennessee around 1968.[2] ThePilgrim Holiness Church of New York (formed in 1963) andPilgrim Holiness Church of the Midwest (formed in 1967) were also established around this time, with the former in response to the tendency of centralization of the larger Pilgrim Holiness Church and the latter in response to the merger.[11][4]
God's Purpose for Humanity — The divine law is summarized in thecommands to love God with all one's heart and to love one's neighbor as oneself. All persons, therefore, ought to seek to obey God and to preserve and promote for others the exercise of everynatural right.
Personal Choice — Humans were created with the ability to choose between right and wrong. But, since thefall, humanscannot choose right on their own, because of original sin. Humans are inclined toward sin and cannot, on their own, call on God or exercise faith. But God, through Christ, provides to each personprevenient grace, allowing each to choose salvation.
Sin: Original, Willful, and Involuntary — All of creation suffers the consequences ofAdam andEve's disobedience and groans forredemption. Each person is born with a bent toward sinning, which manifests itself in outward acts of unrighteousness. Failures in judgment and involuntary flaws are not to be equated with willful sin but still require the atonement of Christ for forgiveness. Willful sin is when a free moral agent volitionally chooses to transgress a known law of God. Such sin will result in a loss of fellowship with God, self-absorption, an inability to live righteously, and, ultimately, eternal separation from God. The atonement of Christ is the only remedy for sin, whether original, willful or involuntary.
The Atonement — Christ's crucifixion allowsredemption for the whole world. It is the only foundation of salvation from sin. The atonement covers those who mentally cannot choose salvation, but individuals who are mentally accountable must accept the gift of salvation of their own free will.
Affirms that faith is theonly condition for salvation. Directly negates any need forgood works to attain salvation. Does not negategood works as evidence of salvation.
Affirms that saving faith publicly acknowledges Christ as Lord.
Affirms that the saved will identify with the church.
Justification, Regeneration, and Adoption — Asserts that when onerepents and has savingfaith in Christ, in that same moment that person is:
Justified: Granted full pardon for all sin, guilt, and penalty of sins.
Regenerated: Reborn spiritual life in Christ with a distinct capacity for love and obedience to God.
Adopted: Given full rights, privileges, and responsibilities of a child of God.
Good Works — Reaffirms that humankind isjustified by faith and affirms thatgood works are evidence of salvation.
Sin After Regeneration — Affirms it is possible for a believer to sin afterregeneration in salvation and that there is grace and forgiveness for repentant believers.
Initial: The work of the Holy Spirit in the moment of conversion in a new believer to be separated from sin to God.
Progressive: The continual work of the Holy Spirit to grow the believer in love and more perfect obedience.
Entire" The perfecting of the believer in love and empowerment for service. It follows in lifelong growth in grace and knowledge.
The Gifts of the Spirit — Asserts that the Holy Spirit gives gifts to people, for the benefit of the Church, but that the Holy Spirit himself is the most desirable gift.
The Church — The Christian Church is the entire body of believers (both living and those died and in heaven). Jesus Christ is the founder and only head of the Church, which is not identified with any particular institution or denomination. The Church is called to preach the Word of God, administer the sacraments, and live in obedience to Christ. A local church is a body of believers formally organized for the purposes of evangelism, discipleship, and worship. The Wesleyan Church is a denomination within the greater,invisible Church, and that invisible church encompasses Christians who hold to a variety of differing beliefs, not just Wesleyan beliefs.
The Sacraments
Baptism — Baptism is a sacrament commanded by our Lord and administered to believers. It works as a symbol and as part of the new covenant of grace.
The Lord's Supper — The Lord's Supper is a sacrament of our redemption by Christ's death, our hope in his return, and a sign of Christian love for one another.
The Second Coming of Christ — Asserts that Christ willreturn, fulfilling numerousbiblical prophecies and that this certain event should inspire proper living andevangelization.
Resurrection of the Dead — Asserts that all will beraised from the dead at Christ's return,damnation for the lost andlife for the saved, and that the resurrection body will be a spiritual body but still personally recognizable.
Judgment of All Persons — Asserts afinal judgment for all humans before God, regardless of the individual's beliefs, and asserts God'somniscience and eternal justice.
Destiny — Asserts that Scripture teaches there is life after death, and the fate of each person is determined by God's grace and their individual response, evidenced through moral character rather than arbitrary decree of God. Heaven and Christ's presence is the place for those who choose God's salvation given through Christ, but hell and separation from Christ is the resulting place for those who neglect the great salvation.
Local churches are organized into a network of districts with equal representation of clergy and laity at their annual conferences. Each has an elected administrator known as the district superintendent and has a district board of administration with both lay and clergy serving. National and multi-national networks are called general conferences and meet every four years. General conferences exist in the Philippines, the Caribbeans, and North America.[citation needed]
According to the 2012 Wesleyan Church Discipline, the official name of the denomination isThe Wesleyan Church. However, different names may be used by different units of the church for practicality and localization. The following are the official names of the denomination, for the various organizational units:[14]
The Wesleyan Church is a part of the holiness movement, and as such, follows many of the same teachings as similar denominations that followWesleyan traditions. At times in its history, it has sought merger with both theChurch of the Nazarene and theFree Methodist Church, both of which practice very similar doctrine.
The Wesleyan Church is a member of the following organizations:
The Wesleyan Church runs its own publishing house located in Indianapolis, Indiana. Its mission is to "be a leader in communicating the message of holiness through the publication of quality resources for local churches and ministries around the world."[16]
The Wesleyan Church in North America is organized in the following 22 districts:[17]
Atlantic (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, and the US state of Maine)
Central Canada (central and western Canada)
Chesapeake (Delaware, Maryland, Northern Virginia, Washington D.C.)
Crossroads (North and Central Indiana)
Florida
Great Lakes (Michigan, Illinois and Wisconsin)
Greater Ohio
Indiana South
Kansas
Kentucky-Tennessee
Mountain Plains (Colorado, Nebraska, Texas, Louisiana, and New Mexico)
North Carolina East
North Carolina West
Northeast (Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Eastern New York (including the NYC Metro Area & Long Island), Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Vermont & Massachusetts)
Northwest (Alaska, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming)
John Augustus Abayomi-Cole, acreole fromFreetown attended the 1887 General Conference of theWesleyan Methodist Church of the United States. He implored the Connection to send missionaries to Sierra Leone. This led to a small mission led by Rev. Henry Johnston being dispatched there in 1889.[18] This was the first step towards the foundation of the Wesleyan Church of Sierra Leone.
Laura Smith Haviland – co-founder of the first racially integrated school in Michigan, abolitionist, suffragette, "superintendent" of the Detroit Underground Railroad
Jerry Pattengale – founder of purpose-guided education, director of Green Scholars Initiative, executive director at the Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C.,Indiana Wesleyan University graduate
Adam Crooks – early Wesleyan Methodist minister, responsible for a number of early church plants in the denomination.
Frank Ritchie – Pastor of Commoners Church, A Wesleyan Methodist Community in New Zealand. "Rev. Frank is an ordained Wesleyan Methodist minister. He’s convinced that as we open our lives to the presence of God, the natural outcome is a world more tuned towards justice."[20]
Rufus Lumry – American circuit preacher, outspoken abolitionist and leading Illinois organizer of the Wesleyan Methodist Connection, which eventually became the Wesleyan Church.
Jo Anne Lyon – pastor, author, international leader, founder of World Hope International, global advocate, general superintendent emeritus.
Lettie Cowman - ordained minister, co-founder of Oriental Missionary Society (now known as "One Mission Society"), President of Oriental Missionary Society 1924 to 1949, author of devotional books "Streams in the Desert" and "Springs in the Valley"
Thomas Bramwell Welch – a Methodist Episcopal pastor, developed a pasteurization process to prevent grapes from fermenting, thus creating grape juice instead of wine[21]
^abKurian, George Thomas; Lamport, Mark A. (10 November 2016).Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 45.ISBN9781442244320.The merger between the Wesleyan methodist Church and the Pilgrim Holiness Church passed unanimously. The newly formed denomination took the name 'The Wesleyan Church.' The Allegheny Conference refused to join the merged group.
^abcLewis, James R. (2002).The Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions. Prometheus Books, Publishers. p. 356.ISBN9781615927388.The Bible Methodist Connection of Tennessee, the Bible Holiness Church, and the Bible Methodist Connection of Churches were formed as a result of the opposition to the merger of the Wesleyan Methodist Church and the Pilgrim Holiness Church into the Wesleyan Church (1968).
^Melton, J. Gordon (7 December 2018).Religious Bodies in the U.S.: A Dictionary. Routledge.ISBN978-1-135-52353-4.
^Haines, Lee M; Thomas, Paul William (2000). "History of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of America, 1843–1968".An Outline History of the Wesleyan Church. Wesleyan Publishing House. p. 72.ISBN0-89827-223-8.
^Peter Bush, "The Reverend James Caughey and Wesleyan Methodist Revivalism in Canada West, 1851–1856",Ontario History, Sept 1987, Vol. 79 Issue 3, pp 231–250
^Caldwell, Wayne E. ed. Reformers and Revivals: History of the Wesleyan Church. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wesley Press, 1992
^An Outline History of the Wesleyan Church 5th revised edition, (2000) by L.M. and Thomas, P.W. Haines
