| Welton | |
|---|---|
 Welton Green | |
  Welton Location within theEast Riding of Yorkshire | |
| Population | 2,176 (2011 census)[1] |
| OS grid reference | SE960273 |
| Civil parish |
|
| Unitary authority | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BROUGH |
| Postcode district | HU15 |
| Dialling code | 01482 |
| Police | Humberside |
| Fire | Humberside |
| Ambulance | Yorkshire |
| UK Parliament | |
| 53°44′00″N0°32′43″W / 53.733343°N 0.545157°W /53.733343; -0.545157 | |
Welton (orWelton with Melton) is a village andcivil parish in theEast Riding of Yorkshire, England. The parish extends to the bank of theHumber Estuary at its southern extreme, and into theYorkshire Wolds in the northern part. TheA63 road andHull to Selby railway line both bisect the parish east–west, south of Melton and Welton.
The civil parish is formed by the villages of Welton andMelton and thehamlet ofWauldby. According to the2011 census, Welton parish had a population of 2,176,[1] an increase on the2001 UK census figure of 1,560.[2] Welton village is situated approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) north-east of the town ofBrough on the north side of theA63 road toKingston upon Hull. It is on theYorkshire Wolds Way National Trail, along distance footpath.
Major landmarks in the parish include Welton Waters, a former clay pit, and home of Welton Waters Adventure Centre and Welton Sailing Club; Melton Bottom Quarry, a chalk quarry inMelton; and theMelton West andMelton Park industrial estates. The exposed boulder clay at Red Cliff on the Humber bank is an archaeological site returning Roman deposits. Minor landmarks and sites of interest include Nut Wood and Wauldby Scrogs (now aWoodland Trust property) inWauldby, and theRaikes mausoleum within the wooded valley of Welton Dale.
Welton village lies at the southern end of Welton dale; both village and valley have been long appreciated for their picturesque qualities.[3][4][5] The Church of St Helen is at the centre of the village, with a defunct mill pond to the north and west.[a] Most of the village's housing is of brick, predominantly red, some painted or rendered in with most buildings two storied, eitherGeorgian orVictorian in style.[6][7]
Welton was recorded inDomesday Book in the 11th century as "Welleton", then a small village with 53 persons recorded and no church.[8] The name derives from theold Englishwella (spring) andtūn meaning "farm by the spring(s)";[9][b] the area is the site of several springs, (see alsogipseys) including St Annes Well in the grounds of the former Welton House.[10][11][12]
The name 'Welton with Melton', and sometimes 'Welton cum Melton' has been used to differentiate from other larger nearby towns calledWelton, such asWelton, Lincolnshire.[13][14][15]
In 1519 the first recorded instance of an accidental fatal shooting in England was recorded at Welton.[16] The highwaymanDick Turpin was charged with horse theft from Thomas Creasy at Welton in 1739 and later tried and hanged in York,[17] in local legend he was arrested at the Green Dragon in Welton.[5]
| Welton Inclosure Act 1750 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
 | |
| Long title | An Act to confirm and establish an Agreement, for enclosing and dividing several Lands and Grounds, in the Parish of Welton, in the County of York, and for settling a Yearly Sum on the Vicar, in Lieu of Tithes, and other Purposes therein mentioned. |
| Citation | 24 Geo. 2. c.22Pr. |
| Territorial extent | Great Britain |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 22 May 1751 |
| Commencement | 14 November 1751[c] |
Status: Current legislation | |
| Welton Inclosure Act 1771 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act for dividing and enclosing certain Fields, Lands, and Waste Grounds, within the Township of Melton, in the Parish of Welton, in the East Riding of the County of York. |
| Citation | 11 Geo. 3. c.52Pr. |
| Territorial extent | Great Britain |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 28 March 1771 |
| Commencement | 13 November 1770[d] |
Status: Current legislation | |
| Welton (Yorkshire) Inclosure Act 1772 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
| |
| Long title | An Act for dividing and enclosing certain Open fields, Lands, and Waste Grounds, within the Township of Welton, in the East Riding of the County of York. |
| Citation | 12 Geo. 3. c.61Pr. |
| Territorial extent | Great Britain |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 16 April 1772 |
| Commencement | 21 January 1772[d] |
Status: Current legislation | |
Enclosure of the township was enabled by theWelton Inclosure Act 1750 (24 Geo. 2. c.22Pr.), theWelton Inclosure Act 1771 (11 Geo. 3. c.52Pr.), and theWelton (Yorkshire) Inclosure Act 1772 (12 Geo. 3. c.61Pr.).[18] The Williamson's, merchants of Hull undertook much of the tree plantation along the roads around Welton, and in Welton Dale.[19]Welton Mill located at the northern edge of the village at the bottom of Welton dale was constructed in the late 1700s and early 1800s, and altered in 1861; it is a five-storey brick built building, with a breastshotwater wheel of 35 ft (11 m) diameter.[20][21]Raikes mausoleum at the northern end of the dale close to Wauldby was built 1818.
The village's population increased from 449 in 1801 to 672 in 1832,[3] in 1861 it was 688.[18] By the 1855 the village was well established; in addition to modest dwellings there were substantial houses and halls within and on the village's periphery:Welton Grange (about 1741[22]),Welton Hall (about 1770[23]),Welton House (rebuilt 1769/9[21]),Spring Hill (laterWelton Manor, built 1820[21]),Welton Hill (1830[24])Welton Garth (1830s[21]), and the vicarage of the church of St Helen's. The mill (High Mill) and pond at the northern outskirts of the village at the bottom of Melton Dale were also established.[11] In addition to the parish church several non-conformist missions had been established by the 1850s including meeting places forWesleyan Methodists,Unitarians,Primitive Methodists and Independents,[25] both Wesleyans and Primitives had chapels built in 1815 and 1869 respectively.[26]
Welton House was demolished in 1952,[21] St Anne's Community Special School was established on part of the site in 1974.[27]
Welton was made aconservation area in 1974,[28] several village buildings built during the 18th and 19th century are grade II listed, as are the larger houses of Welton Hill, Welton Lodge, Welton Grange, Welton Manor, and Welton Hill. The Green Dragon, Welton Mill, St Helen's church and the memorial fountain on the village green are also listed.[29]
It has been speculated that a church existed in Welton before 1100,[30] the current church is thought to date from the reign ofWilliam Rufus;[31] coins from the period were found in the foundations of part of the church during its 19th-century restoration.[32] The church was restored several times through its history; in the 1860s a substantial restoration of the church took place, at a cost of £6,000 funded by a Miss Broadley of Welton.[33] The restoration was byGeorge Gilbert Scott, resulting in a church in a 13th-centurygothic revival style; the resulting structure was essentially rebuilt and added a southaisle and northtransept, with some 15th-century columns and arches, and apiscina retained, a scalloped columncapital, aneffigy of a knight, and alancet window date to the 12th and 13th centuries. The restoration also introduced stained glass windows byWilliam Morris andEdward Burne-Jones, and byJean-Baptiste Capronnier.[31][34][35]
The church wasgrade II* listed in 1968.[35]
The main habitation in Welton civil parish is Welton village; the village of Melton is the only other village sized habitation; Wauldby, a former village, consists of a manor house, farm buildings and cottages.[36] The parish is primarily rural, the northern part is within theYorkshire Wolds with a high point of 436 feet (133 m) in the north-west of the parish, the southern part is in low-lying land on the banks of the Humber Estuary at an elevation of around 66 feet (20 m) or less.[36] Both Welton and Melton villages lie at the foot of the Wolds hills; to the south wereWelton Common andMelton Common, and near the Humber bankWelton Ingsand Melton Ings.[11][36] (seeIngs).
TheHull and Selby Railway (1840), and theA63 road (1963) linkKingston upon Hull westwards and forming north to south barriers to movement in the parish.
Human activity in the parish dates to the prehistoric period, Redcliff,[e] on the Humber bank at the boundary with the neighbouring parish ofNorth Ferriby is evidenced to have been a trading site during the period of theRoman conquest of Britain (1st century AD),[38] evidence of iron working at the site has also been found.[37] A linearRoman villa existed at Welton Wold, thought to be the earliest example in the East Riding,[39][f] the Roman villa was demolished by 340 AD, and the entire location destroyed by quarrying in the 20th century.[21]
Both Wauldby and Welton were recorded inDomesday Book in the 11th century.[8][41]
At the time of the firstinclosure act affecting Welton (1751) the banks of the Humber were improved, preventing flooding of approximately 300 acres (120 ha) of"Welton Ings", with drains constructed, and roads made to access the improved pasture.[42] A further 1,500 acres (610 ha) were enclosed by a second 1772 act.[43]
The parish was enlarged in 1888 by adding part of the chapelry of Melton and then absorbed the rest of it in 1935; the township of Wauldby became part of the parish in 1935.[44]
Industrial development altered the physical geography of the parish during the 20th century; in 1892 the only development was a brick and tile works on the Humber bank, excluding numerous small pits dug in the wolds for chalk extraction.[11] In the 1920s theHumber Portland Cement Co. Ltd. was established, and a quarryMelton Bottom Quarry opened. Clay extraction for the cement works became extensive and eventually extended westwards along the Humber bank intoWelton Ings. A tin smelting worksCapper Pass, Melton opened in 1937. By 2000 the cement works and smelter had closed, with some residual chalk processing activity (Quicklime manufacture) at the cement works site. In the early 2000 the industrial sites began to be redeveloped into warehousing and manufacturing estates (named 'Melton Park'); additionally theMelton West industrial estate (2007, extended 2011), and anotherMelton Park (orMelton Business Park) industrial/commercial estate (begun 2007) were built on a mostly greenfield site between the A63 and railway line, and increased the area given over to non-agricultural development beyond that used by the earlier cement and tin works.[45] Part of the former clay pits in Welton Ings were used as an artificial late,Welton Waters, of 100 acres (40 ha), and used for recreational sailing, and other activities.[46] As of 2012, quarrying atMelton Bottom Quarry continues.
By 1970greenhouse basedhorticulture had started to be developed south of Welton village – this became extensive and extended westwards into the neighbouring parish ofElloughton-cum-Brough by the 1980s;[11] by 2006 this had been reduced in scale, in part due to the expansion of the suburban outskirts ofBrough, which by 2006 extended into the western fringe of the parish.[36]
The village of Welton ... is very neatly built
Northward of the villages is Welton dale, a picturesque valley, enriched by every variety of wood
The first time a coroners' court came up against the new-fangled problem of a fatal shooting accident was 1519, when a woman in Welton near Hull was accidentally killed by a handgun
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