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Warluwarra language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Extinct Australian Aboriginal language
Warluwarra
Native toAustralia
RegionQueensland
EthnicityWaluwara
Extinct2010s[1]
Pama–Nyungan
Dialects
  • Warluwara
  • Kapula
  • Parnkarra
Warluwara Sign Language
Language codes
ISO 639-3wrb
Glottologwarl1256
AIATSIS[1]G10
ELPWarluwarra

Warluwarra is anextinct[2]Australian Aboriginal language ofQueensland. Waluwarra (also known asWarluwarra,Walugara, andWalukara) is the traditional language region in the local government area ofShire of Boulia, including Walgra Station and Wolga, from Roxborough Downs north toCarandotta Station andUrandangi on theGeorgina River, on Moonah Creek to Rochedale, south-east of Pituri Creek.[3]

Sign

[edit]

TheWarluwara had a developedsigned form of their language.[4]

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
LabialVelarDentalLamino-
alveolar		Apico-
alveolar		Retroflex
Voicelessstoppkt̪t̠ʲtʈ
Voicedstopbɡd̪d̠ʲdɖ
Nasalmŋn̪n̠ʲnɳ
Laterall̪l̠ʲlɭ
Flapɾ
Glidewɰjɻ
  • Sounds /t̠ʲ, d̠ʲ, n̠ʲ, l̠ʲ/ are also commonly articulated as laminal [t̻ʲ, d̻ʲ, n̻ʲ, l̻ʲ].
  • /t̠ʲ/ may also be heard as a palatal stop [c] in free variation.
  • /ɻ/ can also be heard as a non-sibilant fricative [ɻ˔] when in between two front /i/ vowels.
  • /j/ can also be heard as voiceless [j̊] or fricative [ç] within voiceless syllable positions. It may also be heard as a voiced fricative [ʝ] when in between two front /i/ vowels.

Vowels

[edit]
FrontCentralBack
Highi, iːu, uː
Lowa, aː
Phoneme/SoundAllophones
/i/ [i][ɪ], [ɨ]
/a/ [a][ə], [e], [ɛ], [æ], [ɐ], [ɑ], [ɔ], [ɒ]
/u/ [u][ʊ], [ʉ]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abG10 Warluwarra at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
  2. ^"Glottolog 5.1 - Warluwara".glottolog.org. Retrieved10 February 2025.
  3. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporatesCC BY 4.0licensed text from:"Waluwarra".Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map.State Library of Queensland. Retrieved30 January 2020.
  4. ^Kendon, A. (1988)Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Breen, J. G. (1971).A description of the Warluwara language. MA thesis, Monash University.
  • Dixon, R. M. W. (2002).Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Roth, Walter E. (1897).The expression of ideas by manual signs: a sign-language. (p. 273–301) Reprinted from Roth, W.E.Ethnological studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines. London, Queensland Agent-Generals Information Office, 1897; 71–90; Information collected from the following tribes; Pitta-Pitta, Boinji, Ulaolinya, Wonkajera,Walookera [= Warluwarra], Undekerebina, Kalkadoon, Mitakoodi, Woonamurra, Goa. Reprinted (1978) inAboriginal sign languages of the Americas and Australia. New York: Plenum Press, vol. 2.
North
Northeast
Wik
Lamalamic
Yalanjic
Southwest
Norman
Thaypan
Southern
Other
Dyirbalic
Maric
Waka–Kabic
Durubalic
Gumbaynggiric
Wiradhuric
Yuin–Kuric
Gippsland
Yugambeh–Bandjalang
Other
Yotayotic
Kulinic
Kulin
Drual
Lower Murray
Thura-Yura
Mirniny
Nyungic
Kartu
Kanyara–Mantharta
Ngayarta
Marrngu
Ngumpin–Yapa
Warumungu
Warluwaric
Kalkatungic
Mayi
Yolŋu
Wati
Arandic
Karnic
Other
Macro-Gunwinyguan
Maningrida
Mangarrayi-Marran
Gunwinyguan
Other
Tangkic
Garrwan
Italics indicateextinct languages

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