Wang Enmao | |
|---|---|
王恩茂 | |
 Wang Enmao in 1955 | |
| Born | May 19, 1913 |
| Died | April 12, 2001(2001-04-12) (aged 87) |
| Occupation | politician |
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
Wang Enmao (Chinese:王恩茂; May 19, 1913 – April 12, 2001) was aPeople's Liberation Armylieutenant general and aPeople's Republic of China politician. He was born inYongxin County,Jiangxi Province.[1] He was twiceChinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Xinjiang. He wasChinese Communist Party Committee Secretary andgovernor ofJilin.[2]
Wang Enmao was born on May 19, 1913, inYongxin County,Jiangxi Province, China. He became involved in the revolution in 1928 in Yongxin County, Xianggan Revolutionary Base, and affiliated with theChinese Communist Party in 1930. In 1932, he assumed the role of Minister of Culture for the Yongxin County Soviet Government and the Secretary General of the CCP Yongxin County Party Committee, followed by his appointment as Secretary General of the CCP Xianggan Provincial Committee in 1933. In 1934, he participated in the Long March with the Sixth Red Army Regiment of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, originating from the Xianggan Revolutionary Base, and held the position of Secretary General of the Political Department of the Sixth Red Army Regiment. In 1934, he joined the Sixth Red Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army on the Long March from the Xianggan Revolutionary Base, serving as the secretary-general of its Political Department. In 1935, he participated in the establishment of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Revolutionary Base and held the position of secretary-general of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Provincial Party Committee.[3]
In 1937, he was reassigned from the Political Department of theSixth Red Army Corps to the Political Department of the Red Army, where he became the head of the General Affairs Office in the Political Department of the Red Second Front Army. In 1939, Wang Enmao followed the 359th Brigade in crossing theYellow River from the anti-Japanese front in North China to the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, undertaking the responsibilities of defending Northwest China, among others. In 1941, Wang Enmao participated in theYan'an Institute of Military and Political Science and the Party School of the Central Committee. In 1944, he established the Southward Detachment of theEighth Route Army, utilizing the 359th Brigade as the primary force, withWang Zhen as Commander,Wang Shoudao as Political Commissioner, and Wang Enmao as Vice-Political Commissioner. The troops penetrated the Japanese blockade and proceeded south to rendezvous with the 5th Division of the New Fourth Army, commanded byLi Xiannian.[4] Subsequently, the detachment was rebranded as the Hunan People's Anti-Japanese Rescue Army (Chinese:湖南人民抗日救国军), and after over six months of marching and combat, it reached the central region ofHunan province. In 1945, the359th Brigade was reinstated, with Guo Peng serving as the commander and Wang Enmao as the political commissar.[5]
In June 1946, the Kuomintang initiated a comprehensive civil war and assaulted the CCPCentral Plains Military Region. Wang Enmao orchestrated an escape from the Central Plains alongside Wang Zhen and successfully returned to Yan'an, Shaanxi Province. In October of that year, Wang Enmao across the Yellow River once more with the 359th Brigade and reached theShanxi battleground. In March 1947, Wang Enmao traversed the Yellow River westward with the second column of Jinsui from the Jinnan region and reached the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, where he assumed the role of Director of the Political Department of the Second Column of the Northwest Field Army (abbreviated as the Second Column). In July 1947, Wang Enmao was appointed deputy political commissar of the Second Column and commanded his forces in the battles of Shajiadian and Hancheng, among others. In 1948, Wang Enmao engaged in theBattle of Wazijie, theBattle of Xifu, and theBattle of Longdong alongside the Second Column.[6]
In 1949, Wang Enmao assumed the roles of political commissar and party secretary of the Second Army inside the First Corps of the First Field Army of the People's Liberation Army. Wang Enmao was deployed inSouthern Xinjiang at the year's conclusion. He held positions as a member of theXinjiang Branch of the CCP Central Committee, political commissar, and party secretary of theKashgar Military Region, among others. In 1952, Wang Enmao held the positions of first secretary of the Xinjiang Branch of the CCP Central Committee, director of theXinjiang Finance and Economy Committee, and acting political commissar of theXinjiang Military Region. In 1954, upon the establishment of theXinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Wang Enmao held the positions of Commander and political commissar of the Xinjiang Military Region. In 1960, Wang Enmao was appointed secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the CCP Central Committee (Chinese:中共中央西北局).[7]
By 1962, as Sino-Soviet ties further deteriorated, the Soviet consulates inUrumqi andYining covertly encouraged inhabitants of Xinjiang to defect to theSoviet Union. Covertly instigating Xinjiang inhabitants to escape the Soviet Union and orchestrate uprisings.[8] During that period, coinciding with the strained circumstances along theSino-Indian border, the primary contingent of the Xinjiang army was redeployed toKashgar and remained immobilized. Wang Enmao and theXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese Communist Party resolved to assign the Corps' duty troops to the aforementioned tumultuous regions to aid the garrison of the current Specialized Prefecture in reestablishing law and order, and to inform theState Council of the People's Republic of China of the riot situation.[9]Zhou Enlai andMao Zedong resolved to permitMargub Iskhakov andZunun Taipov to depart Xinjiang for the USSR, concurrently reallocating several cavalry units fromQinghai,Gansu, andInner Mongolia to Xinjiang, and instructing Wang Enmao to orchestrate a grand entry ceremony in Urumqi to dissuade separatists.[10]
Following the initiation of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, Wang Enmao faced persecution fromLin Biao and theGang of Four.[11] In 1975, he was reassigned to theNanjing Military Region as deputy political commissar. By 1977, he ascended to the position of first secretary of theJilin Provincial Committee, concurrently serving as the first political commissar and first secretary of the Jilin Military Region, as well as the first secretary of the Jilin Military Region. In 1981, the CCP Central Committee appointed Wang Enmao as the first secretary of theCCP Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Committee and the first political commissar and first secretary of theUrumqi Military Region. In 1984, Wang Enmao assumed the role of the first political commissar and first secretary of the Party Committee of the Corps. In October 1985, Wang Enmao assumed leadership of the CCP Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Advisory Committee.[12]
In March 1986, during the fourth session of the6th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), Wang Enmao was appointed Vice Chairman of the CPPCC. In March 1988, he was re-elected as Vice Chairman of the Seventh National Committee of the CPPCC and retired in March 1993. He died at the age of 88 on April 12, 2001, in Beijing.[13]
Wang Enmao's body was cremated in theBabaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing on April 18, 2001.Li Peng,Hu Jintao,Zhang Wannian,Wen Jiabao,Zeng Qinghong,Qiao Shi,Song Ping,Liu Huaqing,Zou Jiahua,Wang Guangying,Buhe,Tömür Dawamat,Simayi Aimaiti,Wang Zhongyu,Han Zhubin,Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme,Song Jian,Li Guixian,Chen Junsheng,Zhu Guangya,Zhao Nanqi,Bai Lichen,Jing Shuping,Luo Haocai,Liao Hansheng,Ma Wenrui,Yang Baibing,Wang Hanbin,Hong Xuezhi, andDeng Liqun. Members of the Central Military Commission, includingYu Yongbo,Wang Ruilin,Guo Boxiong, and other senior CCP leaders, went to bid farewell.[14]
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Party Secretary of Xinjiang 1952–1967 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Party Secretary of Xinjiang 1981–1985 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Jilin Provincial Revolutionary Committee 1977–1981 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by Wang Huaixiang | Governor of Jilin 1977–1980 | Succeeded by |
