WKRP in Cincinnati
Genre	Sitcom
Created by	Hugh Wilson
Starring	Gary Sandy Gordon Jump Loni Anderson Richard Sanders Tim Reid Frank Bonner Jan Smithers Howard Hesseman
Theme music composer	Tom Wells Hugh Wilson
Composer	Tom Wells
Country of origin	United States
Original language	English
No. of seasons	4
No. of episodes	90(list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer	Hugh Wilson
Producers	Rod Daniel Bill Dial Blake Hunter Steven Kampmann Peter Torokvei Hugh Wilson
Camera setup	Multi-camera
Running time	24–25 minutes
Production company	MTM Enterprises
Original release
Network	CBS
Release	September 18, 1978 (1978-09-18) – April 21, 1982 (1982-04-21)
Related
The New WKRP in Cincinnati

WKRP in Cincinnati is an American sitcom television series about the misadventures of the staff of a struggling fictionalAM^[1]radio station inCincinnati, Ohio. The show was created byHugh Wilson. It was based upon his experiences observing atTop 40radio stationWQXI in Atlanta. Many of the characters were based on people at that station.^[2] Wilson once toldThe Cincinnati Enquirer that he selected WKRP as thecall sign to stand for C-R-A-P.^[3]

Theensemble cast consists ofGary Sandy (as Andy Travis),Howard Hesseman (Dr. Johnny Fever),Gordon Jump (Arthur Carlson),Loni Anderson (Jennifer Marlowe),Tim Reid (Venus Flytrap),Jan Smithers (Bailey Quarters),Richard Sanders (Les Nessman) andFrank Bonner (Herb Tarlek).^[4]

The series won aHumanitas Prize^[5] and received 10Emmy Award nominations, including three for Outstanding Comedy Series.Andy Ackerman won an Emmy Award for Videotape Editing in Season 3.^[6]

WKRP premiered on September 18, 1978, on theCBS television network and aired for four seasons and 90 episodes, ending on April 21, 1982. Starting in the middle of the second season, CBS repeatedly moved the show around its schedule, contributing to lower ratings and its eventual cancellation. WhenWKRP went intosyndication, it became an unexpected success. For the next decade, it was one of the most popular sitcoms in syndication, outperforming many programs that had been more successful in prime time, including all the otherMTM Enterprises sitcoms.^[7]

Jump, Sanders, and Bonner reprised their roles as regular characters in a sequel series,The New WKRP in Cincinnati, which ran from 1991 to 1993 in syndication. Hesseman, Reid, and Anderson also reprised their roles as guest stars.

The station's new program director,Andy Travis, tries to turn around struggling radio station WKRP by switching its format from datedeasy-listening music torock and roll, despite the mostly incompetent efforts of the well-meaning staff: bumbling station managerArthur Carlson, greasy sales managerHerb Tarlek and clueless news directorLes Nessman. To help bolster ratings, Travis hires a new disc jockey,New Orleans native Gordon Sims (with the on-air persona ofVenus Flytrap) and allows spaced-out former major-market DJ John Caravella (with the on-air persona ofDr. Johnny Fever), already doing mornings in the easy-listening format, to be himself on-air. Rounding out the cast are "bombshell" receptionistJennifer Marlowe and junior employeeBailey Quarters. Ruthless business tycoonLillian Carlson appears periodically as the station's owner and the mother of Arthur Carlson.

• Andy Travis (Gary Sandy). For the most part, vice president^[8] andprogram director Travis serves as the straight man for the eccentric staff of the station he has been hired to run. Before coming to WKRP, he had an unblemished record of turning around failing radio stations, but meets his match in his wacky staff members, of whom he becomes reluctantly fond. The show's opening theme song is about Travis and his decision to settle down in Cincinnati.
• Arthur Carlson (Gordon Jump), is the middle-aged general manager whose main qualification for the job is that his mother, a business tycoon, is the station's owner. His weak, bumbling, and indecisive management style is one of the main reasons the station is unprofitable. Despite this, he is a principled, kind, decent man. He has far more interest in his hobbies than he does in the radio station - often hiding in his office from people who want to see him on business.
• Dr. Johnny Fever (Howard Hesseman) (real name John R. Caravella) is a veteran disc jockey who comes to WKRP after being fired from a major Los Angeles station when he said "booger" on the air. Cynical and neurotic, Johnny consumes large amounts of coffee and is usually in trouble. He adopts the "Fever" on-air name upon being told by Travis that the station format was changing to Top 40 rock and roll, but he has used other monikers on the air at other stations, mostly to conform to whatever station format he found himself working with.
• Les Nessman (Richard Sanders), the fastidious, bow-tied news reporter, approaches his job with absurdly earnest seriousness, despite being almost totally incompetent (a fact to which he is oblivious). As arunning gag, Les wears a bandage in a different spot each episode, presumably due to attacks from his unseen monstrous dog Phil. Other gags are his fixation on agricultural news ("the hog report") and putting masking tape on the floor around his desk, which he insists his co-workers treat as the walls of his "office".
• Jennifer Marlowe (Loni Anderson) is the station's receptionist and highest-paid employee. Not merely "eye candy" for the station, Jennifer is informed, connected, and able to handle practically any situation, no matter how absurd, with aplomb. She herself sees her main job responsibility as deflecting any business calls (in person or over the telephone) for Mr. Carlson. Although very aware of her sex appeal, with various wealthy, powerful older men at her beck and call, she is friendly and good-hearted with the station staff. She is very strict about the limits of her job duties: she does not type letters (though she is in fact an expert typist), and neither makes coffee nor brings any to the office staff.
• Herb Tarlek (Frank Bonner) is the boorish, tasteless, and vain sales manager at WKRP. He often wears loud plaid suits with his belt matching his white shoes. He is unable to land the big accounts, but is effective in selling air time for products such as "Red Wigglers – the Cadillac of worms!" Although a married man with children, he persistently pursues the uninterested Jennifer. Herb is based on radio executive Clarke Brown.^[9][10]
• Venus Flytrap (Tim Reid), the soulful, funky evening DJ, runs his show with a smooth-talking persona and mood lighting in the studio. His real name, Gordon Sims, is almost never used, and he maintains an aura of mystery. After deserting the Army during Vietnam, Venus spent several years as a high school teacher in New Orleans while working part-time as a radio personality. He and Johnny are often seen together and become good friends as the series progresses.
• Bailey Quarters (Jan Smithers), the stationingénue, is originally in charge of billing and station traffic. However, having graduated from journalism school and intent on becoming a broadcast executive, she is later given additional duties in which she proves more capable than Les Nessman. As the series progresses, she overcomes her shyness and develops self-confidence. Jan Smithers was one of twoWKRP cast members who was the first choice for the role she played,Gordon Jump being the other.^[4] Creator Hugh Wilson said that despite Smithers' lack of experience (she had never acted in a situation comedy before), she was perfect for the character of Bailey as he had conceived her: "Other actresses read better for the part," Wilson recalled, "but they wereplaying shy. Janwas shy."^[4]

• Lillian Carlson (Sylvia Sidney in the series pilot,Carol Bruce afterward) is Arthur Carlson's ruthless, domineering mother – often referred to as Mother Carlson (with Arthur calling her Mama) – and the owner of WKRP. An extremely successful and rich businesswoman, her only regret is that her approach to parenting (the "what doesn't kill you, makes you stronger" school of child-rearing) backfired as her son ended up indecisive, weak-willed, and afraid of her. As a display of her cutthroat attitude, she has a painting hanging above her fireplace in her living room of two pairs of dangling legs of people just hanged. In the series' final episode, it is revealed she had always intended WKRP to lose money (for the tax write-off), which explains why she allows the incompetent employees to continue working at the station. The only one who is regularly able to get the better of her is her sarcastic butler, Hirsch. Although she barely tolerated most of the staff, she did have respect for Andy, considering him her intellectual equal.
• Carmen Carlson (Allyn Ann McLerie) is Mr. Carlson's sweet-natured wife. The two met in college, he being her chosen date to a "bring a loser" dance at the sorority she was pledging, something he was unaware of until their twenty-five-year college reunion as they never did go to the dance and she never did pledge that sorority. Though happily married, they are so anxious to avoid hurting each other's feelings that they rarely tell each other what they really think. They have a son, Arthur Carlson Jr. (Sparky Marcus appearing in one episode), whom they've sent off to military school. During the second season Carmen has a surprise pregnancy and during the third season gives birth to a daughter, Melanie.
• Hirsch (Ian Wolfe) is Mother Carlson's "houseboy." He is well into his eighties, but is energetic and seems unfazed by any new circumstances. Hirsch regularly expresses his dislike for his employer in otherwise charming and polite exchanges. His coffee is terrible, unless there is a guest, in which case he prepares it with care.
• Lucille Tarlek (Edie McClurg) is Herb's devoted nasal-voiced wife, who, deep down, knows that he chases after Jennifer. Lucille is perhaps the one woman who does see Herb's charms. Herb and Lucille have an adolescent son and daughter, Herb III and Bunny (N.P. Schoch and Stacy Heather Tolkin, one and two appearances respectively).
• Three other DJs at the station are mentioned, but (with one exception) never seen. Moss Steiger has the graveyard shift after Venus and is mentioned as having attempted suicide at least twice; he eventually dies inThe New WKRP in Cincinnati. Rex Erhardt (who was seen in the fourth-season episode "Rumors", and played bySam Anderson) hosts a program after Dr. Johnny Fever's morning show; and Dean the Dream has the afternoondrive slot. Another DJ, Doug Winter (Philip Charles MacKenzie), is hired and fired in the same episode ("Johnny Comes Back").
• Frank Bartman (Max Wright) is a cynical but practical attorney retained by the station in the fourth season.
• Series writer Bill Dial infrequently appears as Buckey Dornster, WKRP's station engineer.
• Longtime actorWilliam Woodson (though not credited) served as the announcer of the series (imploring the audience to stay tuned for the tag scene, in the episodes that had one) and did various voice-over roles during the run, including the pre-recorded announcer of the intro/outro to Les's newscasts, and the narrator of the trial results in the first-season episode "Hold Up".

Throughout its runWKRP featured appearances by several high-profile guest stars, includingColleen Camp,Sparky Anderson,Hoyt Axton andMichael Des Barres.Hamilton Camp,Craig T. Nelson, andRobert Ridgely also appeared in supporting roles.

WKRP in Cincinnati debuted in 1978 in CBS's Monday 8 p.m. timeslot, competing against ABC'sWelcome Back, Kotter and NBC's top-20 showLittle House on the Prairie. The show initially earned poor ratings, andWKRP was put on hiatus after only eight episodes, even though they included some of the most famous of the series, including "Turkeys Away." But owing to good reviews and positive fan reaction, especially from disc jockeys, who immediately hailed it as the first show that realistically portrayed the radio business, CBS broughtWKRP back without any cast changes.

WKRP was given a new timeslot, one of the best on the network, followingM*A*S*H. This allowed creatorHugh Wilson to move away from the farcical radio-based stories that CBS wanted and to start telling stories that, while not necessarily dramatic, were more low-key and character-based. To allow theensemble cast to mingle more, the set was expanded. A previously unseen communal office area ("the bullpen") was added to accommodate scenes with the entire cast.

Partway through the second season, the show was moved back to its original earlier time. CBS executives wanted to free up the prized post-M*A*S*H slot forHouse Calls (with formerM*A*S*H starWayne Rogers). They also felt that the rock and roll music and the sex appeal ofLoni Anderson were better suited to the earlier slot, which was mostly aimed at young people. The mid-season timeslot change did not affect the show's success;WKRP finished at No. 22 in the ratings for its second year. For the next two seasons, the writers and producers often fought with CBS over the show's content in the so-calledfamily hour.

Starting with the second season, CBS movedWKRP around repeatedly, and the show lost nearly 2.5 million viewers on average for each of four timeslot changes in the 1979–80 season.^[11]

At the end of the fourth season, the network canceledWKRP. The final first-run episode ofWKRP aired on April 21, 1982, and ranked No. 7 in the weeklyNielsen ratings, though the series had already been canceled.

WKRP was videotaped inHollywood before a live studio audience atKTLA'sGoldenwest Videotape Division, later moving to theCBS Studio Center lot in Studio City.^[12]

WhileAndy Travis received his name and some personality elements from a cousin of creator Hugh Wilson,^[16] he was based primarily on innovative program directorMikel Herrington,^[17] who also was the inspiration for the character Jeff Dugan in the 1978 filmFM, written by Ezra Sacks, who had worked at KMET.^[18][19] Dr. Johnny Fever was based on a DJ named"Skinny" Bobby Harper at WQXI/790 in Atlanta, Georgia in 1968. WKRP writer Bill Dial worked with Harper at WQXI, which is considered Dial's inspiration for the show.^[20] Coincidentally, Harper had previously worked at Cincinnati AM Top 40 powerhouse WSAI in 1964, before moving to 11 other stations, including seven in Atlanta.^[20] In 1997, Bobby Harper toldWSB's Condace Pressley, "He went on record as pointing out which ones, including myself, that he based the characters on. [That recognition] was a nice little thing. You know? That was nice. I appreciated that."^[20] The Carlsons were a pastiche of Jerry Blum, WQXI's longtime general manager. Mrs. Carlson inherited Blum's brashness while Arthur borrowed his nickname "Big Guy," sense of style, and some of his unorthodox promotions (including the turkey drop).^[21]

Although the show aired on CBS, the self-supporting transmission tower seen at the beginning ofWKRP in Cincinnati actually belongs to Cincinnati'sNBC affiliate,WLWT.^[22]

In the show, WKRP's offices and studios are in the Osgood R. Flimm Building, anart deco office building. The building shown during the show's opening credits is actually theCincinnati Enquirer Building at 617 Vine Street in downtown Cincinnati.^[23]

Cincinnati has two radio stations with call letters similar toWKRP.WKRC, an AM station that had a "middle of the road" music format when the series debuted, did not object to the use ofWKRP, saying that it was the best publicity that they had ever had, and it was free;^[24] it currently brands itself (as it did during the show's run) as "55KRC".^[25]WKRQ is an FM station with a similar "contemporary hit radio" format; its primary branding is "Q102."^[26]

Other stations have adopted similar branding in reference to the series. In 1986, aSalt Lake City FM station (nowKUMT) changed its calls letters to KRPN, and branded itself asWKRP, using the similarity of the spoken letter "N" to the word "in" for a sound-alikestation identification: "WKRPN Salt Lake City".^[27][28][29] In 2008, Cincinnati television stationWBQC-LD promoted its conversion to digital broadcasting by rebranding itself "WKRP-TV".^[30] In 2015, alow-power FM station inRaleigh, North Carolina began broadcasting asWKRP-LP.^[31]

WKRP had two musical themes, one opening and the other closing the show.

The opening theme, asoft rock/pop number called "WKRP in Cincinnati Main Theme," was composed by Tom Wells, with lyrics by series creatorHugh Wilson, and was performed by Steve Carlisle.^[32][33][34] Anurban legend circulated at the time that Richard Sanders (who had comparable vocal characteristics to those of Carlisle) had recorded the song. Wilson stated in the commentary for the first season's DVD set that this was not true. Sanders would later "sing" the lyrics in a promo spot onVH1 forThe New WKRP in Cincinnati that parodied theU2 song "Numb."

The closing theme was a different song with more of a hard rock sound performed by Atlanta musician Jim Ellis, played over scenes from the episodes followed by a still photo of the Cincinnati skyline.^[35][36] Ellis recorded the song as a demonstration for Wilson, and as he had not yet written lyrics for it, Ellis mumbled nonsense words. Wilson chose to use the demo version because he found the gibberish lyrics funny and a satire on the unintelligible lyrics of many rock songs.^[37]

A longer version of the original theme song was released in 1981 on a 45-rpm vinyl single on theMCA Records label. It peaked at 65 on theBillboardHot 100 chart in 1981^[38] and at 29 on theAdult Contemporary chart in 1982.^[39] A lightly remixed version then appeared on Carlisle's 1982 LPSteve Carlisle Sings WKRP in Cincinnati. The remix has appeared on some TV-theme compilation albums in place of the hit version.

The show's use ofBlondie's "Heart of Glass" was widely credited with helping the song become a major U.S. hit, and the band's record labelChrysalis Records presented the producers with a gold record award for the song's albumParallel Lines. The gold record can be seen hanging on the wall in the "bullpen" set in many episodes.

The songs were often tied into episode plots, and some pieces of music were even used as running gags. For example, the doorbell chimes at Jennifer's penthouse apartment played "Fly Me to the Moon" (which was later replaced by "Beautiful Dreamer" for copyright reasons).

Wilson has commented thatWKRP was videotaped rather than filmed because at the time, music-licensing fees were lower for videotaped programs, a loophole that was intended to accommodate variety shows.^[40][41]Music licensing deals that were cut at the time of production covered only a limited number of years,^[42] but when the show entered syndication shortly after its 1982 cancellation, most of the original music remained intact because the licensing deals were still active.^[43] After the licenses had expired, later syndicated versions of the show did not feature the music as first broadcast, withstock production music inserted in place of the original songs to avoid paying additionalroyalties. In some cases (such as during scenes with dialogue over background music), some of the characters' lines were dubbed by soundalike actors, a practice evident in all prints of the show issued since the early 1990s, including those used for its late-1990s run onNick at Nite.^[42][43]

The expense of procuring licenses for the original music delayed release of a DVD set for years.^[44] When a Season 1 set was finally released, much of the music was again replaced and the soundalike vocal dubs were present. Some scenes were shortened or cut entirely,^[45] but some deleted scenes that had not been included in the original broadcast were added.^{[citation needed]}

20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the first season ofWKRP on DVD in region 1 in 2007, with a number of music replacements. Sales of the set were poor, and Fox released no further seasons.

In 2014,Shout! Factory acquired rights to the series for DVD release.^[46] Shout! had planned to include all of the copyrighted music that originally aired on the show,^[47] and obtained the rights to include what they called "the vast majority of the music", but explained, "In a few cases, it was simply impossible to get the rights."^[48] Most of the dialogue dubs done for the 1990s syndication airings were removed, and the original dialogue restored.^[49][50][51] This release presented the second-season episode "Filthy Pictures" and the third-season episode "Dr. Fever and Mr. Tide" in their original hour-long formats instead of the syndicated two-part versions, bringing the episode count from 90 episodes to 88 episodes.^[52]

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• 1970s American multi-camera sitcoms
• 1970s American workplace comedy television series
• 1978 American television series debuts
• 1980s American multi-camera sitcoms
• 1980s American workplace comedy television series
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• American English-language television shows
• CBS sitcoms
• Rock music television series
• Television series about radio
• Television series by MTM Enterprises
• Television series created by Hugh Wilson (director)
• Television shows set in Cincinnati

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