Vytegorsky District Вытегорский район (Russian) | |
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.jpg) Andoma Hill, the formation on the coast of Lake Onega close toAndomsky Pogost | |
.png) Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
 Location of Vytegorsky District in Vologda Oblast | |
| Coordinates:59°52′N38°23′E / 59.867°N 38.383°E /59.867; 38.383 | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Vologda Oblast[1] |
| Established | August 1, 1927[2] |
| Administrative center | Vytegra[3] |
| Area | |
• Total | 13,100 km2 (5,100 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 27,139 |
| • Density | 2.07/km2 (5.37/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 38.6% |
| • Rural | 61.4% |
| Administrative structure | |
| • Administrative divisions | 1Towns of district significance, 15Selsoviets |
| • Inhabited localities[3] | 1cities/towns, 207rural localities |
| Municipal structure | |
| • Municipally incorporated as | Vytegorsky Municipal District[6] |
| • Municipal divisions[6] | 1 urban settlements, 10 rural settlements |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [7]) |
| OKTMO ID | 19622000 |
| Website | http://www.vytegra-adm.ru/ |
Vytegorsky District (Russian:Вытего́рский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[6] district (raion), one of thetwenty-six inVologda Oblast,Russia. It is located in the northwest of theoblast and borders withPudozhsky District of theRepublic of Karelia in the north,Kargopolsky District ofArkhangelsk Oblast in the east,Kirillovsky,Vashkinsky, andBelozersky Districts in the southeast,Vologodsky District in the southeast,Babayevsky District in the southwest, and withPodporozhsky District ofLeningrad Oblast in the west. The area of the district is 13,100 square kilometers (5,100 sq mi),[4] making it the largest district in Vologda Oblast. Itsadministrative center is thetown ofVytegra.[3] Population:27,139 (2010 census);[5] 31,757 (2002 Census);[8]37,792 (1989 Soviet census).[9] The population of Vytegra accounts for 38.6% of the district's total population.[5]
The northwestern border of the district is the shore ofLake Onega, and the area of the district is divided between severaldrainage basins. The western and the central parts belong to the basins of the rivers flowing into Lake Onega, most notably theVytegra, theVodla, theAndoma, and theMegra. Lake Onega belongs to the basin of theNeva River. From the east, theAndoma Hills separate the basin of Lake Onega from the basins of theKovzha and theKema Rivers, which are the tributaries ofLake Beloye and thus belong to the basin of theVolga. TheVepsian Upland rises in the western part with 304 metres (997 ft) highMalgora hill, the highest point of the district.[10] Minor areas in the northeast of the district are in the basin ofLake Lacha, itself in the basin of theOnega River. In the northeast of the district there is a point which is a tripledivide of the basins of the Neva, the Volga, and the Onega, and thus the basins of theAtlantic Ocean, theArctic Ocean, and theendorheic basins of the interior ofEurasia. This is one of the very few such triple divides in the world and the only one in Russia.
There are many lakes in the district, many of which are of glacial origin. The biggest lakes areLake Kovzhskoye,Lake Kemskoye,Lake Soydozero, andLake Kushtozero in the basin of Lake Beloye, andLake Megrskoye,Lake Tudozero,Lake Lukhtozero, andLake Shimozero in the basin of Lake Onega.
Most of the area of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga). There are many swamps, especially in the southwest and the east of the district.
The name probably originates fromFinnic language (as evidenced by the suffix "-егра"), however, the exact meaning is unknown.
The area was populated byFinnic peoples and then colonized by theNovgorod Republic. Vytegra was first mentioned in 1496. It was located on the trade route from theVolga River toLake Onega, and later on the route fromSaint Petersburg toArkhangelsk.
In the course of theadministrative reform carried out in 1708 byPeter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known from 1710 asSaint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, it was transferred to the newly establishedNovgorod Governorate. In 1773,Vytegra was chartered, and in 1776,Vytegorsky Uyezd was established as one of the uyezds of newly establishedNovgorod Viceroyalty. It became a part ofOlonets Oblast.
A sequence of administrative reforms followed. In 1781, Olonets Oblast was transferred to Saint Petersburg Governorate, and in 1784, it was transformed into an independent administrative unit,Olonets Viceroyalty. In 1785, Vytegorsky Uyezd was abolished and merged intoPudozhsky Uyezd. In 1799, Olonets Viceroyalty was abolished and divided between Novgorod and Arkhangelsk Governorates. Vytegorsky Uyezd was returned to Novgorod Governorate. In 1801,Olonets Governorate was established, and Vytegorsky Uyezd became one of several uyezds of the governorate.
In 1922, Olonets Governorate was abolished, and Vytegorsky Uyezd was transferred to Petrograd Governorate (laterLeningrad Oblast), with the exception of threevolosts, which were transferred toKargopolsky Uyezd ofVologda Governorate. On February 7, 1927, Vytegorsky Uyezd was abolished and merged intoLodeynopolsky Uyezd of Leningrad Oblast.[11]
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds in Leningrad Oblast were abolished. On the territory of former Vytegorsky Uyezd four districts were established: Vytegorsky District (with the administrative center in Vytegra),Andomsky District (with the administrative center in theselo ofAndomsky Pogost[12]),Kovzhinsky District (with the administrative center in theselo ofAnnensky Most[13]), andOshtinsky District (with the administrative center in theselo ofOshta[14]). The four districts were a part ofLodeynoye Pole Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[2] On September 23, 1937, all four districts were transferred to newly established Vologda Oblast.[2]
DuringWorld War II, parts of Oshtinsky District were the only areas of Vologda Oblast to be occupied by Finnish troops. The Finnish advance was stopped in October 1941, but the occupation continued until June 1944, when theSoviet Army started to advance.
Andomsky, Oshtinsky, and Kovzhinsky Districts were all abolished in the 1950s. On December 12, 1955, Oshtinsky District was divided between Vytegorsky andBorisovo-Sudsky Districts. On October 17, 1957, Andomsky District was merged into Vytegorsky District. In 1959, Kovzhinsky District was split between Vashkinsky and Vytegorsky Districts.[2]
Vytegorsky District is one of the areas traditionally populated byVepsians. The Vepsians living in the district speak the central group ofVeps dialects.[15]
The economy of the district is based on timber industry. There are also food industry enterprises.[16] In 1975,limestone production started in theselo of Annensky Most. The enterprise, Bely Ruchey Ore Administration, is owned by theSeverstal steel plant, located inCherepovets, and extracted limestone was used for steel production.[17]
The agriculture in the district specializes in meat and milk production and has been steadily declining since the 1990s.[16]
Vytegra is a road junction where a partially paved road connecting toPodporozhye in Leningrad Oblast branches off from the highway connectingVologda withMedvezhyegorsk in the Republic of Karelia viaLipin Bor andPudozh. There is bus traffic.
TheVolga–Baltic Waterway, connecting the basins of the Volga and the Neva Rivers, crosses the district from south to north, following the valley of theKovzha River in the south, theNovomariinsky Canal, and theVytegra River in the north. It also bypasses Lake Onega along theOnega Canal. There is regular cruise and cargo traffic along the waterway. The passenger navigation on Lake Onega, connecting Vytegra withPetrozavodsk, has been discontinued.
TheVytegra Airport in 2011 was not served by regular passenger flights.
The district contains 8 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law, and additionally 170 objects (66 of them located in Vytegra) classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance.[18] The cultural heritage monuments of federal significance are the remains of the Mariinsky Waterway from the early 19th century, the wooden Epiphany Church inPaltoga, the wooden St. Iliya Church ofSaminsky Pogost, and the wooden Assumption Church inDevyatiny.
The Vytegorsky District Museum is located in Vytegra.[19] Another museum in Vytegra is located in the B440 Russiansubmarine of theFoxtrot class.
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