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Volokolamsk Волоколамск | |
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_10.jpg) View of Volokolamsk Kremlin | |
.svg) Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
 Interactive map of Volokolamsk | |
  Volokolamsk Location of Volokolamsk Show map of Russia Volokolamsk Volokolamsk (Moscow Oblast) Show map of Moscow Oblast | |
| Coordinates:56°02′N35°57′E / 56.033°N 35.950°E /56.033; 35.950 | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Moscow Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Volokolamsky District[1] |
| TownSelsoviet | Volokolamsk[1] |
| First mentioned | 1135[2] |
| Elevation | 170 m (560 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 23,433 |
| • Capital of | Volokolamsky District,[1] Town of Volokolamsk[1] |
| • Municipal district | Volokolamsky Municipal District[4] |
| • Urban settlement | Volokolamsk Urban Settlement[4] |
| • Capital of | Volokolamsky Municipal District,[4] Volokolamsk Urban Settlement[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [5]) |
| Postal codes[6] | 143600, 143602–143604, 143608 |
| Dialing code | +7 49636 |
| OKTMO ID | 46508000001 |
Volokolamsk (Russian:Волокола́мск) is atown and theadministrative center ofVolokolamsky District inMoscow Oblast,Russia, located on the Gorodenka River, not far from itsconfluence with theLama River, 129 kilometers (80 mi) northwest ofMoscow. Population: 25,729 (2024 Estimate);[7]26,398 (2021 census);[8]23,433 (2010 census);[3]16,656 (2002 census);[9]18,226 (1989 Soviet census).[10]
It was first mentioned in the Voskresensk Chronicle under the year 1135.[2] It was built byNovgorodian merchants on a 5-kilometer (3.1 mi)portage (Russian:Волок/Volok) on a waterway fromNovgorod toMoscow andRyazan, hence the name "Volokolamsk" (i.e., "Volok on the Lama"). In 1178, the town was burned byVsevolod the Big Nest, who added it toVladimir-Suzdal lands. His sonYaroslav II restored it to Novgorod in 1231. After theMongol invasion of Rus', the town was divided into two parts: one assigned to Novgorod and another one to the Grand Dukes ofVladimir. ThePrincipality of Tver failed to take it in 1273.
Ivan Kalita presented his part of the town to the boyar Rodion Nestorovich, who presently wrested the other part from Novgorod. In 1345,Simeon the Proud gave Volokolamsk to his father-in-law, one ofSmolensk princes. While in possession of Smolensk, the town withstood a siege byAlgirdas during theLithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–72).Vladimir the Bold defeatedTokhtamysh near Volokolamsk in 1383. Soon thereafter, it reverted to Novgorod. The town remained the southernmost enclave of the Novgorod Republic until 1398, whenVasily I definitively incorporated it into theGrand Duchy of Moscow. Ten years later, it was granted for two years toŠvitrigaila, who had just defected to Moscow. Having lost itsHanseatic trade and connections with Novgorod, the town declined and was not mentioned by any sources for the next half a century. It was in 1462, when Volokolamsk was given byIvan III to his younger brother, that the town became the seat of a full-scaleappanage principality. Its first prince erected the single-domed limestone Resurrection Cathedral, which still stands. Another prince wasAndrey Volotsky; the chief monument from his reign is the three-domed cathedral of the Vyazmischi Cloister (1535).
In 1613, Volokolamsk braved a siege bySigismund III Vasa, an event which led to the town's fortifications being represented on its coat of arms. By that time, Volokolamsk had been associated primarily with theJoseph-Volokolamsk Monastery, situated 17 kilometers (11 mi) to the northeast.
TheSoviet authority in Volokolamsk was established in late October 1917. DuringWorld War II, a number of violent clashes between theGerman and Soviet troops andpartisans took place near Volokolamsk. The town was under German occupation from 27 October to 20 December 1941, when it was liberated by the331st Rifle Division.
Within theframework of administrative divisions, Volokolamsk serves as theadministrative center ofVolokolamsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with sevenrural localities, incorporated within Volokolamsky District as theTown of Volokolamsk.[1] As amunicipal division, the Town of Volokolamsk is incorporated within Volokolamsky Municipal District asVolokolamsk Urban Settlement.[4]
Volokolamsk istwinned with:
Alexander Bek's 1944 novel,Volokolamsk Highway («Волоколамское шоссе»), is a lightly-fictionalized account of the defensive fighting by elements of the316th Rifle Division along the road from Volokolamsk to Moscow in October 1941.
The online gameWar Thunder (where one controlsArmored vehicles such asTanks) features a ground forces map titled "Volokolamsk", and a larger version titled "Surroundings of Volokolamsk". The map is derided from players as being too open and being too big.[12]
In Volokolamsk, there is a controversiallandfill. Many protests have occurred over it as the landfill has given many people respiratory problems. The Russian authorities have not yet done anything about the problem.[13]
Historical towns and monasteries of the formerPrincipality of Moscow | ||
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