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Volodymyr Chekhivskyi | |
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Володимир Чехівський | |
 Chekhivskyi in 1928 | |
| Chairman of the Council of People's Ministers | |
| In office 26 December 1918 – 11 February 1919 | |
| Directorate Chairman | Volodymyr Vynnychenko |
| Preceded by | Sergei Gerbel [uk] |
| Succeeded by | Serhiy Ostapenko |
| Member of theRussian Constituent Assembly | |
| In office 18 January 1918 – 19 January 1918 | |
| Constituency | Kherson |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1876-07-19)19 July 1876 |
| Died | 3 November 1937(1937-11-03) (aged 61) |
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| Relations | Oleksa Chupryna-Chekhivskyi [uk] (brother) |
| Alma mater | Kiev Theological Academy |
Volodymyr Musiiovych Chekhivskyi (Ukrainian:Володимир Мусійович Чехівський; 19 July 1876 – 3 November 1937) was a Ukrainian activist and politician who served as Chairman of the Council of People's Ministers of theUkrainian People's Republic from December 1918 to February 1919. Previously, he was a member of theRussian State Duma andRussian Constituent Assembly. Chekhivskyi was also among the founders of theUkrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, and the brother of conductor and singerOleksa Chupryna-Chekhivskyi [uk].
Chekhivskyi was born on 19 July 1876, to the family of aclergyman in the village ofHorokhuvatka [uk], in theKievsky Uyezd ofKiev Governorate, Russian Empire (today inObukhiv Raion). In 1900 he graduated from theKyiv Theological Academy and theOdesa University, from 1905 he was aDoctor of Theology.[1] From 1897 he was a member of the student club ofMykhailo Drahomanov's Socialist-Democrats.
From 1901 to 1905 Cherkhivsky worked as Deputy Inspector of the seminaries of Kyiv andKamianets-Podilskyi. Because of his activity and interest in Ukrainian nationalism at the seminaries, Chekhivskyi was dismissed and transferred to theCherkasy Oblast.[1] From 1905 to 1906 he was a teacher ofRussian language as well as of the History of Literature and the Theory of Philology at the Cherkassy Theology College.
Between 1902 and 1904 Chekhivskyi was a member of theRevolutionary Ukrainian Party, after which he switched to theUkrainian Social Democratic Labour Party (USDLP) until 1919. In 1906, he was elected to theImperial Duma, however the Russian government exiled him, as a Ukrainian toVologda in Russia. However, through the efforts of his electors to the Imperial Duma, he was returned from exile after one year.
From 1908 to 1917 Chekhivskyi lived inOdesa where he taught in agymnasium as well as commercial and technical colleges. During that time he was under open police surveillance. Nonetheless, Chekhivskyi participated in the activities of a local UkrainianHromada andProsvita association. Since 1915 he was a member of amasonic lodge "Star of the East" that existed inOdesa and was part of the Great East of Peoples of Russia.
After theFebruary Revolution Chekhivskyi became editor of the "Ukrayinske Slovo" newspaper that was published inOdesa. From April 1917 he headed the Odesa committee of the USDLP and the Ukrainian council of Odesa. From May 1917 Cherkhivsky was a district inspector of the Odesa School Council and headed the Odesa branch of All-Ukrainian Teachers Union. From June 1917 he was a deputy (glasny) in the Odesa city duma from the Ukrainian parties, and headed the Kherson Governorate Council of united public organization.
In October–November 1917 Chekhivskyi was a member of theRevolutionary committee (revkom). In November 1917 he became a political commissar of Odesa and an education commissar of the Kherson Governorate. At that time Chekhivskyi was also elected to theRussian Constituent Assembly (from the Ukrainian Social-Democrats of Odesa). In the beginning of 1918 he became a member of Central Committee of the USDLP and from April 1918 — appointed as director of confessions as a minister in government of theUkrainian People's Republic. Under the administration ofPavlo Skoropadskyi, Chekhivskyi continued to work in the Ministry of Confessions (director of General Affairs department), yet continuing to be a member of theUkrainian Social Democratic Labour Party. During that time he joined the Ukrainian National Union which was in opposition to theHetman of Ukraine.
Chekhivskyi headed the Ukrainianrevkom during the anti-Hetmanate uprising. From 26 December 1918 to 11 February 1919, Chekhivskyi was President of theCouncil of People's Ministers and theMinistry of Foreign Affairs of the Ukrainian People's Republic. During that time was proclaimed theUnification Act of two Ukraines on 22 January 1919. On 1 January 1919, the government approved laws about the state language of Ukraine (Ukrainian) and about the autocephaly of Ukrainian Orthodox Church that were adopted by theDirectorate of Ukraine. On 5 January 1919, the government approved the Land law that was adopted by the Directorate on 8 January.
Chekhivskyi followed leftist political views, advocated compromise withBolsheviks, opposed the treaty with Entente. On those issues his position was similar to the point of view ofVolodymyr Vynnychenko. Chekhivskyi had a little influence on the army of Ukraine. After failing to reach an agreement withBolsheviks, successful offensive of theRed Army and willingness of the Ukrainian leadership to negotiate with French led to resignation of Chekhivskyi in February 1919. After that was in opposition to the government ofSymon Petliura. In spring of 1919 participated in organization of theLabor Congress of Ukraine inKamianets-Podilskyi.
After the occupation by theRed Army Chekhivskyi stayed in Ukraine and in 1920 joined theUkrainian Communist Party. In October 1921 he participated in the 1st All-Ukrainian Church Assembly that confirmed autocephaly of theUkrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) and was an adviser to MetropolitanVasyl Lypkivsky, organized pastoral courses inKyiv. Chekhivsky was one of the main ideologists of the Ukrainian Church autocephaly and supporter ofChristian socialism. In October 1927 he became a chairman of the 2nd All-Ukrainian Assembly of UAOC. During that time Chekhivsky also worked in theAll-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences at its history-philology department, was a professor of medical and polytechnic institutes in Kiev, lectured at social-economical courses.
On 29 July 1929, Chekhivskyi was arrested in connection with theUnion for the Freedom of Ukraine process and on 19 April 1930, sentenced to death through shooting, changed to 10 years of imprisonment. He was confined to the Khabarovsk and Yaroslavl political prisons, from 1933 - inSolovki prison camp. In 1936 Chekhivskyi was additionally sentenced to three years of imprisonment. On 3 November 1937, he was shot by sentence of theLeningrad OblastNKVD troika.
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