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Voiceless velar nasal

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Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ŋ̊⟩ in IPA

Voiceless velar nasal
ŋ̊
Audio sample
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Encoding
X-SAMPA	`N_0`

Avoiceless velar nasal is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespoken languages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ŋ̊⟩, a combination of the letter for thevoiced velar nasal and adiacritic indicatingvoicelessness. (For reasons of legibility, the ring is usually placed above the letter, rather than regular ⟨ŋ̥⟩).

Features

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Features of a voiceless velar nasal:

Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is alsonasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
Itsplace of articulation isvelar, which means it is articulated with the back of thetongue (the dorsum) at thesoft palate.
Itsphonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is anasal consonant, which means air is exclusively allowed to escape through the nose for nasal stops; otherwise, in addition to through the mouth.
It is amedian consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

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Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Alutiiq		eqeshngarluni	[əqəsŋ̊aχluni]	'sneeze once'	SeeAlutiiq language.
Burmese^[1]		ငှါး /nga:	[ŋ̊á]	'borrow'
Central Alaskan Yup'ik^[2]		calisteńguciquq	[tʃaˈlistəˈŋ̊utʃɪquq]	'he will be a worker'
Damin		*ngi	[ŋ̊i]	'tobacco'
Faroese^[3]^[4]		onkur	[ˈɔŋ̊kʰʊɹ]	'anybody'	Allophone of/n/ before an aspirated velar. SeeFaroese phonology
Icelandic^[5]		einkalíf	[ˈe(i̯)ŋ̊ˑkäˌliˑf]^ⓘ	'private life'	Allophone of/n/ before an aspirated velar. SeeIcelandic phonology
Pa Na^[6]		[ma˧˩.ŋ̊ŋ̍˧˩˧]		'leech'
Scottish Gaelic^[7]		banca	[ˈb̥ɑŋ̊kə]	'bank'	Allophone of/n/ before an aspirated velar
Washo^[8]		dewŊétiʔ	[dewˈŋ̊etiʔ]	'hillside sloping down'
Welsh^[9]		fynghot	[vəŋ̊ɔt]	'my coat'	Occurs as the nasal mutation of/k/. SeeWelsh phonology
Xumi	Lower^[10]	[ŋ̊ɑ˦mõ˦]		'camel'	Occurs mostly in loanwords from Tibetan.^[10]

Notes

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^Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 111.
^Jacobson (1995), p. 3.
^Árnason (2011), p. 124.
^Þráinsson et al. (2012), p. ?.
^Árnason (2011), p. 109.
^Chen (2001), p. 72.
^Oftedal (1956), p. 99.
^Jacobsen (1964), p. 54.
^Jones (1984), p. 51.
^^a ^bChirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365, 367.

References

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Árnason, Kristján (2011),The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-922931-4
Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013),"Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River"(PDF),Journal of the International Phonetic Association,43 (3):363–379,doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157^{[permanent dead link]}
Jacobson, Steven (1995),A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo Language, Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center,ISBN 978-1-55500-050-9
Jones, Glyn E. (1984), "The distinctive vowels and consonants of Welsh", in Martin J. Ball and Glyn E. Jones (ed.),Welsh Phonology: Selected Readings, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 40–64,ISBN 0-7083-0861-9
Ladefoged, Peter;Maddieson, Ian (1996).The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell.ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
Þráinsson, Höskuldur; Petersen, Hjalmar P.; Jacobsen, Jógvan í Lon; Hansen, Zakaris Svabo (2012),Faroese – An Overview and Reference Grammar, Tórshavn: Føroya fróðskaparfelag,ISBN 9789991841854
Oftedal, M. (1956),A Linguistic Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis(PDF), Oslo: Norsk Tidskrift for Sprogvidenskap
Chen, Qiguang (2001), "Bānàyǔ gàikuàng"巴那语概况 [A Brief Introduction of Bana Language],Mínzú yǔwén民族语文 (in Chinese),2001 (2):69–80
Jacobsen, William Horton (15 August 1964).A grammar of the Washo language (PhD).University of California, Berkeley – viaeScholarship.

External links

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International Phonetic Alphabet(chart)

IPA topics

IPA	International Phonetic Association History of the alphabet Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA) Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) Journal of the IPA (JIPA)
Special topics	Cursive forms Case variants Obsolete and nonstandard symbols Naming conventions Sinological extensions World Orthography IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings	ASCII encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Usenet ASCII-IPA TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode IPA number IPA Braille

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		(Alveolo-)palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal/epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m	ɱ̊	ɱ		n̼	n̪̊	n̪	n̥	n	n̠̊	n̠	ɳ̊	ɳ	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Plosive	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̼	d̼	t̪	d̪	t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪	d̪z̪	ts	dz	t̠ʃ	d̠ʒ	tʂ	dʐ	tɕ	dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ	bβ	p̪f	b̪v			t̪θ	d̪ð	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔	d̠ɹ̠˔			cç	ɟʝ	kx	ɡɣ	qχ	ɢʁ	ʡʜ	ʡʢ	ʔh
Sibilantfricative							s̪	z̪	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ̼	ð̼	θ	ð	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔	ɹ̠˔	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔	ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	h	ɦ
Approximant		β̞		ʋ				ð̞		ɹ		ɹ̠		ɻ		j		ɰ						˷
Tap/flap		ⱱ̟		ⱱ					ɾ̥	ɾ			ɽ̊	ɽ						ɢ̆		ʡ̮
Trill	ʙ̥	ʙ							r̥	r		r̠	ɽ̊r̥	ɽr					ʀ̥	ʀ	ʜ	ʢ
Lateral affricate									tɬ	dɮ			tꞎ	d𝼅	c𝼆	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄	ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative							ɬ̪		ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ	𝼅	𝼆	ʎ̝	𝼄	ʟ̝
Lateral approximant								l̪	l̥	l		l̠	ɭ̊	ɭ	ʎ̥	ʎ	ʟ̥	ʟ		ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥	ɺ			𝼈̊	𝼈		ʎ̮		ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

		BL	LD	D	A	PA	RF	P	V	U
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ			ɗ		ᶑ	ʄ	ɠ	ʛ
Implosive	Voiceless	ɓ̥			ɗ̥		ᶑ̊	ʄ̊	ɠ̊	ʛ̥
Ejective	Stop	pʼ			tʼ		ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
	Affricate		p̪fʼ	t̪θʼ	tsʼ	t̠ʃʼ	tʂʼ	tɕʼ	kxʼ	qχʼ
	Fricative	ɸʼ	fʼ	θʼ	sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ	xʼ	χʼ
	Lateral affricate				tɬʼ			c𝼆ʼ	k𝼄ʼ	q𝼄ʼ
	Lateral fricative				ɬʼ
Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular)	Tenuis	kʘ qʘ		kǀ qǀ	kǃ qǃ		k𝼊 q𝼊	kǂ qǂ
	Voiced	ɡʘ ɢʘ		ɡǀ ɢǀ	ɡǃ ɢǃ		ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊	ɡǂ ɢǂ
	Nasal	ŋʘ ɴʘ		ŋǀ ɴǀ	ŋǃ ɴǃ		ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊	ŋǂ ɴǂ	ʞ
	Tenuislateral				kǁ qǁ
	Voiced lateral				ɡǁ ɢǁ
	Nasal lateral				ŋǁ ɴǁ