| Voiceless velar affricate | |
|---|---|
| kx | |
| IPA number | 109 140 |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | k_x |
Avoiceless velar affricate is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages. The symbols in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound are ⟨k͡x⟩ and ⟨k͜x⟩. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨kx⟩.
Some languages have avoiceless pre-velar affricate,[1] which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless velar affricate, though not as front as the prototypicalvoiceless palatal affricate - see that article for more information.
Conversely, some languages have avoiceless post-velar affricate,[2] which is articulated slightly behind the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless velar affricate, though not as back as the prototypicalvoiceless uvular affricate - see that article for more information.
Features of a voiceless velar affricate:
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cimbrian | Luserna dialect | khes | [kxɛːʂ] | 'cheese' | |
| Sette Comuni dialect | khèmman | [kxɛː.mɐn] | 'to come' | ||
| Dutch | Orsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect[3] | blik | [ˈblɪk͡x] | 'plate' | Optional pre-pausal allophone of/k/.[3] |
| Modern Greek | Ancient Greek borrowings[citation needed] | σάκχαρο | [ˈsak͡xaro] | '(blood) sugar' | |
| English | BroadCockney[4] | cab | [ˈk͡xɛˑb̥] | 'cab' | Possible word-initial, intervocalic and word-final allophone of/k/.[5] SeeEnglish phonology |
| New Zealand[6] | Word-initial allophone of/k/.[6] SeeEnglish phonology | ||||
| North Wales[7] | [ˈk͡xaˑb̥] | Word-initial and word-final allophone of/k/; in free variation with a strongly aspirated stop[kʰ].[7] SeeEnglish phonology | |||
| Received Pronunciation[8] | Occasional allophone of/k/.[8] SeeEnglish phonology | ||||
| Scouse[9] | Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of/k/.[9] SeeEnglish phonology | ||||
| German | StandardAustrian[10] | Kübel | [ˈk͡xyːbœl] | 'bucket' | Possible realization of/k/ beforefront vowels.[10] SeeStandard German phonology |
| Bavarian dialects ofTyrol | Kchind | [ˈk͡xind̥] | 'child' | ||
| Swiss dialects andAlemannic of southernBaden-Württemberg | Sack | [z̥ɑk͡x] | 'bag' | May be actuallyuvular[q͡χ] in some dialects. | |
| Korean[11] | 크다 (keuda) | [k͡xɯ̽da] | 'big' | Allophone of/kʰ/ before/ɯ/.[11] SeeKorean phonology | |
| Lakota | lakhóta | [laˈk͡xota] | 'Lakota' | Allophone of/kʰ/ before/a/,/ã/,/o/,/ĩ/, and/ũ/. | |
| Navajo | kǫʼ | [k͡xõʔ˩] | 'fire' | Allophone of/kʰ/ before the back vowels/o,a/. SeeNavajo phonology | |
| Slovene | sikh | [ˈs̪îːk͡x] | 'Sikh' | Very rare, occurring only in loanwords. SeeSlovene phonology | |
| Xhosa | [example needed] | Represented by <krh>. Contrasts /kʼ, kʰ, ɡ̊ʱ, kxʼ, kxʰ, x, ɣ̈/. SeeXhosa phonology. | |||
| !Xóõ | [ǁ͡kxʼâã] | 'grass' | Used inpulmonic-contour clicks. | ||
