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Voiceless uvular implosive

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʛ̥⟩ or ⟨ʠ⟩ in IPA
Voiceless uvular implosive
ʛ̥
ʠ
Audio sample
Image

Avoiceless uvular implosive is a rareconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʛ̥⟩ or theoretically ⟨qʼ↓⟩. A dedicated IPA letter, ⟨ʠ⟩, was retired in 1993.

Features

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  • Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with nonasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is aplosive.
  • Itsplace of articulation isuvular, which means it is articulated with the back of thetongue (the dorsum) at theuvula.
  • Itsphonation is un-voiced, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
  • It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • Theairstream mechanism isimplosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping theglottis downward. As it is voiceless, the glottis is completely closed, and there is no pulmonic airstream at all.

Occurrence

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A voiceless uvular implosive has been claimed for severalMayan languages.

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Kaqchikel[1]ijobʼäl[ʛ̥iχoˈɓəɬ]'watch, clock'In word final position,[ʛ̥] is infree variation with[]; elsewhere only[ʛ̥] appears. SeeKaqchikel language.
Mam[2]ootj[ʛ̥oːtʰχ]'dough'
Uspantek[3]jq’aab[χʛ̥aːpˀ]'his/her hand'[ʛ̥] is in free variation with[qˀ] in all positions.

See also

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References

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  1. ^Patal Majzul, Filiberto; García Matzar, Pedro Oscar; Espantzay Serech, Carmelina (2000).Rujunamaxik ri Kaqchikel Chiʼ = Variación dialectal en Kaqchikel. Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala: Proyecto de Investigación Lingüística de Oxlajuuj Keej Mayaʼ Ajtzʼiibʼ (OKMA); Editorial Cholsamaj. pp. 24ff.ISBN 99922-53-13-4.OCLC 46849157.
  2. ^England, Nora C. (1983).A grammar of Mam, a Mayan language. Austin: University of Texas Press.ISBN 0292729278.OCLC 748935484.
  3. ^Bennett, Ryan; Harvey, Meg; Henderson, Robert; Méndez López, Tomás Alberto (September 2022)."The phonetics and phonology of Uspanteko (Mayan)".Language and Linguistics Compass.16 (9).doi:10.1111/lnc3.12467.ISSN 1749-818X.

External links

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IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰʁ̞ʔ̞
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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