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Voiceless retroflex lateral flap

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨𝼈̊⟩, ⟨ɭ̥̆⟩ or ⟨ɺ̣̊⟩ in IPA
Voiceless retroflex lateral flap
𝼈̊(ɺ̢̊)
ɭ̥̆
Audio sample

Avoiceless retroflex lateral flap is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages (as inWahgi).[1] The implicit symbol for this sound in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨𝼈̊⟩.[2]

Features

[edit]

Features of a voiceless retroflex lateral flap:

  • Itsmanner of articulation istap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
  • Itsplace of articulation isretroflex, which prototypically means it is articulatedsubapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it ispostalveolar without beingpalatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can beapical (pointed) or, in some fricatives,laminal (flat).
  • Itsphonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • It is alateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
  • Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
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Occurrence

[edit]
FamilyLanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Trans-New GuineaWahgi[1][example needed]Allophone of[ɺ̥].
CaribanWaiwai[citation needed][example needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abPhillips, Donald J. (1976).Wahgi phonology and morphology. Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. p. 50.ISBN 0-85883-141-4.OCLC 2964990.
  2. ^Kirk Miller & Michael Ashby,L2/20-252R Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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