Itsmanner of articulation isfricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causingturbulence.
Itsphonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
May be alveolo-palatal[ɕ] instead.[2] Before/j/, aspiration of/p,t,k/ is realized as devoicing and fortition of/j/.[2] Note, however, that the sequence/tj/ is normally realized as an affricate[t͡ɕ].[3] SeeDanish phonology
Occurs in words where/h/ comes before/j/ due to h-prothesis of the original word, i.e./jaɪ̯θ/iaith'language' becomesei hiaith'her language', resulting in/j/i →/ç/hi.[20] SeeWelsh phonology
There is also avoiceless post-palatal fricative in some languages, which is articulated slightly farther back compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless palatal fricative, though not as back as the prototypicalvoiceless velar fricative. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as ⟨ç̠⟩, ⟨ç⟩ (both symbols denote aretracted ⟨ç⟩) or ⟨x̟⟩ (advanced ⟨x⟩).
Itsmanner of articulation isfricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causingturbulence.
Its place of articulation ispost-palatal, also calledretracted palatal,backed palatal,palato-velar,pre-velar,advanced velar orfront(ed-)velar, which means it is articulated between the position ofpalatal consonants andvelar consonants.
Itsphonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Thevoiceless palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. Some scholars posit it distinct from the fricative. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ j̊ ⟩, a j with aring,[28] indicating the voiceless homologue of thevoiced palatal approximant, or ⟨ç˕⟩, ac with cedilla with alowering diacritic after it, which indicates a weaker or lowered version of the voiceless palatal fricative. The IPA also had a dedicated symbol ⟨ꞕ⟩, an h withpalatal hook, which also represented a palatalizedh sound, but that is now obsolete. In theFinno-Ugric transcription, it is transcribed⟨ᴊ⟩, asmall capitalj.
The palatal approximant can in many cases be considered thesemivocalic equivalent of the voiceless variant of theclose front unrounded vowel[i̥]. The sound is essentially an Australian English⟨y⟩ (as inyear) pronounced strictly without vibration of the vocal cords.
Itsphonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
^Iosad, Pavel (2013).Representation and variation in substance-free phonology: A case study in Celtic. Universitetet i Tromso.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Cox, Felicity; Palethorpe, Sallyanne (2007).Illustrations of the IPA: Australian English (Cambridge University Press ed.). Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37. pp. 341–350.
^abMoran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (2019).English sound inventory (UZ). Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
^Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul (2007).Illustrations of the IPA: New Zealand English (Cambridge University Press ed.). Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37. pp. 97–102.
^Sten, H (1963).Manuel de Phonetique Francaise. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
^Einarsson, Stefan (1949).Icelandic. Johns Hopkins Press.
^Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel, eds. (2019).Icelandic sound inventory (SPA). Stanford Phonology Archive. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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