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Voiceless labiodental fricative

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨f⟩ in IPA
Voiceless labiodental fricative
f
IPA number128
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity(decimal)f
Unicode(hex)U+0066
X-SAMPAf
Braille⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
Image

Avoiceless labiodental fricative is a type ofconsonantal sound used in a number ofspokenlanguages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the "f" sound in "face". The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨f⟩.

Features

[edit]

Features of a voiceless labiodental fricative:

Occurrence

[edit]
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Abkhazфы/fy[fə]'lightning'SeeAbkhaz phonology
Adygheтфы/tfy[tfə]ⓘ'five'Corresponds to [xʷ] in Kabardian and Proto-Circassian
Albanianfaqe[facɛ]'cheek'
ArabicModern Standard[1]ظرف/th'arf[ðˤɑrf]'envelope'SeeArabic phonology
ArmenianEastern[2]ֆուտբոլ/futbol[fut̪bol]ⓘ'football'
Assyrianܦܬܐpata[fɔθɔ]'face'Used mostly byWestern speakers; corresponds to/p/ in most other dialects.
Assameseবৰফ/borof[bɔɹɔf]'snow/ice'
Azeritüfəng[t̪y̆fæɲɟ]'ɡun'
Basquefin[fin]'thin'
Bengaliফ়্যান[fæn]'fan'Allophone of/pʰ/. SeeBengali phonology
Catalan[3]fort[ˈfɔɾt]'strong'SeeCatalan phonology
Chechenфакс /faks[faks]'fax'Used only in loanwords. There is no /f/ in Chechen; /f/ was replaced by /p/ in loanwords that contained it before increased influence from the Russian language popularized the usage of /f/.
ChineseCantonese飛 /fēi[fei̯˥]ⓘ'to fly'SeeCantonese phonology
Mandarin飛 (traditional) /飞(simplified) /fēi[feɪ̯˥]ⓘSeeMandarin phonology
Copticϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ/ftoow[ftow]'four'
Czechfoukat[ˈfoʊ̯kat]'to blow'SeeCzech phonology
Dutch[4]fiets[fiːts]'bike'SeeDutch phonology
EnglishAll dialectsfill[fɪɫ]ⓘ'fill'SeeEnglish phonology
Cockney[5]think[fɪŋk]'think'Socially marked,[6] with speakers exhibiting somefree variation with[θ] (with which it corresponds to in other dialects).[7] Seeth-fronting.
Many British urban dialects[8]
Some youngerEast Anglian English
Some youngerNew Zealanders[9][10]
BroadSouth African[11]myth[mɨf]'myth'Possible realization of /θ/, more common word-finally. SeeWhite SAE phonology.
Esperantofajro[ˈfajɾo]'fire'SeeEsperanto phonology
Ewe[12]eflen[éflé̃]'he spit off'
French[13]fabuleuse[fäbyˈløːz̪]'fabulous'SeeFrench phonology
Galicianfaísca[faˈiska]'spark'SeeGalician phonology
Germanfade[ˈfaːdə]'bland'SeeStandard German phonology
Goemaif'at'[fat]'to blow'
Greekφύση /fysī[ˈfisi]'nature'SeeModern Greek phonology
Gujaratiફળ /faļ[fəɭ]'fruit'SeeGujarati phonology
Hebrewסופר/sofer[so̞fe̞ʁ]'writer'SeeModern Hebrew phonology
Hindustaniसाफ़ /صاف/saaf[sɑːf]'clean'SeeHindustani phonology
Hmong𖬌𖬜𖬵 /foob[fõ˦]'to sue, to indict'
Hungarianfigyel[ˈfiɟɛl]'he/she pays attention'SeeHungarian phonology
Indonesiansifat[ˈsifät̪̚]'characteristic'
Italianfantasma[fän̪ˈt̪äzmä]'ghost'SeeItalian phonology
Kabardianфыз/fyz[fəz]ⓘ'woman'Corresponds to [ʂʷ] in Adyghe and Proto-Circassian
Kabyleafus[afus]
Kazakhfaqır / фақыр[faqr]'poor'
Khmerកាហ្វេ /kahvé[kaːfeː]'coffee'SeeKhmer phonology
Macedonianфонетика/fonetika[fɔnetika]'phonetics'SeeMacedonian phonology
Māoriwhakapapa[fakapapa]'genealogy'Less commonly[ɸ]. SeeMāori phonology.
Malayferi[feri]'ferry'Only occurs in loanwords
Malayalamഫലം/falam[fɐlɐm]'fruit, result'Only occurs in loanwords in the standard version. ഫ is used to represent both /pʰ/ and /f/ but nowadays most people pronounce /pʰ/ as [f]. Occurs in native words in theJeseri dialect. SeeMalayalam phonology
Maltesefenek[fenek]'rabbit'
Norwegianfilter[filtɛɾ]'filter'SeeNorwegian phonology
Persianفروخت/foruxt[foɹu:xt]'he/she sold'SeePersian phonology
Polish[14]futro[ˈfut̪rɔ]ⓘ'fur'SeePolish phonology
Portuguese[15]fala[ˈfalɐ]'speech'SeePortuguese phonology
Punjabiਫ਼ੌਜੀ/faujī[fɔːd͡ʒi]'soldier'
Romanian[16]foc[fo̞k]'fire'SeeRomanian phonology
Russian[17]орфография/orfografiya[ɐrfɐˈɡrafʲɪjə]'orthography'Contrasts withpalatalized form. SeeRussian phonology
Scottish Gaelic[18]faisg[faʃkʲ]'near, close'Loosely articulated, can resemble[ɸ]. SeeScottish Gaelic phonology
Serbo-Croatian[19]фаза /faza[fǎːz̪ä]'phase'SeeSerbo-Croatian phonology
Slovakfúkať[ˈfu̞ːkäc]'to blow'SeeSlovak phonology
SloveneStandardflavta[ˈfláːu̯t̪à]'flute'SeeSlovene phonology
Some dialectsvsi[ˈfs̪î]'all (people)'Allophone of/v/ before voiceless obstruents in dialects with/ʋ/ →/v/ development. SeeSlovene phonology
Somalifeex[fɛħ]'wart'SeeSomali phonology
Spanish[20]fantasma[fã̠n̪ˈt̪a̠zma̠]'ghost'SeeSpanish phonology
Swahilikufa[kufɑ]'to die'
Swedishfisk[ˈfɪsk]'fish'SeeSwedish phonology
Thaiฝน/fon[fon˩˩˦]'rain'
Todanes̲of[nes̲of]'moon'
Turkishsaf[ˈs̟ɑf]'pure'SeeTurkish phonology
Ukrainian[21]Фастів/fastiv[ˈfɑsʲtʲiw]'Fastiv'SeeUkrainian phonology
Vietnamese[22]pháo[faːw˧ˀ˥]'firecracker'SeeVietnamese phonology
Welshffon[fɔn]'stick'SeeWelsh phonology
West Frisianfol[foɫ]'full'SeeWest Frisian phonology
Yiꃚ /fu[fu˧]'roast'
ZapotecTilquiapan[23]cafe[kafɘ]'coffee'Used primarily in loanwords fromSpanish

Voiceless labiodental approximant

[edit]
Voiceless labiodental approximant
ʋ̥
Audio sample

Avoiceless labiodental approximant is a similar sound with less frication. It is transcribed in IPA as ⟨ʋ̥⟩.

Occurrence

[edit]
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
EnglishIndian South African[24]fair[ʋ̥eː]'fair'Described as an approximant. Corresponds to[f] in other accents.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Thelwall (1990), p. 37.
  2. ^Dum-Tragut (2009), p. 18.
  3. ^Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
  4. ^Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
  5. ^Wells (1982), p. 328.
  6. ^Altendorf (1999), p. 7.
  7. ^Clark & Trousdale (2010), p. 309.
  8. ^Britain (2005), p. 1005.
  9. ^Wood (2003), p. 50.
  10. ^Gordon & Maclagan (2008), p. 74.
  11. ^Bowerman (2004), p. 939.
  12. ^Ladefoged (2005), p. 156.
  13. ^Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 73.
  14. ^Jassem (2003), p. 103.
  15. ^Cruz-Ferreira (1995), p. 91.
  16. ^DEX Online :[1]
  17. ^Padgett (2003), p. 42.
  18. ^Oftedal (1956), p. 111.
  19. ^Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  20. ^Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 255.
  21. ^Danylenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.
  22. ^Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
  23. ^Merrill (2008), p. 109.
  24. ^Mesthrie (2004), p. 960.

References

[edit]
  • Altendorf, Ulrike (1999),"Estuary English: is English going Cockney?"(PDF),Moderna Språk,93 (1):1–11,doi:10.58221/mosp.v93i1.9709,S2CID 254296882
  • Altendorf, Ulrike; Watt, Dominic (2004), "The dialects in the South of England: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.),A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 181–196,ISBN 3-11-017532-0
  • Bowerman, Sean (2004), "White South African English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.),A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 931–942,ISBN 3-11-017532-0
  • Britain, David (2005), "Innovation diffusion: "Estuary English" and local dialect differentiation: The survival of Fenland Englishes",Linguistics,43 (5):995–1022,doi:10.1515/ling.2005.43.5.995,S2CID 144652354
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,22 (1–2):53–56,doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618,S2CID 249411809
  • Clark, Lynn; Trousdale, Graeme (2010), "A cognitive approach to quantitative sociolinguistic variation: Evidence from th-fronting in Central Scotland", in Geeraerts, Dirk; Kristiansen, Gitte; Peirsman, Yves (eds.),Advances in Cognitive Linguistics, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter,ISBN 978-3-11-022645-4
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,25 (2):90–94,doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223,S2CID 249414876
  • Danylenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995),Ukrainian, Lincom Europa,ISBN 9783929075083
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009),Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,23 (2):73–76,doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874,S2CID 249404451
  • Gordon, Elizabeth; Maclagan, Margaret (2008), "Regional and social differences in New Zealand: Phonology", in Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd (eds.),Varieties of English, vol. 3: The Pacific and Australasia, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 64–76,ISBN 978-3110208412
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,22 (2):45–47,doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X,S2CID 243772965
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33 (1):103–107,doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005),Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarića, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian",Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69,ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33 (2):255–259,doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,38 (1):107–114,doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
  • Mesthrie, Rajend (2004), "Indian South African English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.),A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 953–963,ISBN 3-11-017532-0
  • Oftedal, M. (1956),The Gaelic of Leurbost, Oslo: Norsk Tidskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  • Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian",Natural Language & Linguistic Theory,21 (1):39–87,doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505,S2CID 13470826
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,34 (1):117–121,doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics",Language,35 (3):454–476,doi:10.2307/411232,JSTOR 411232
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,20 (2):37–41,doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266,S2CID 243640727
  • Wells, John C. (1982),Accents of English, vol. 2: The British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-24224-X
  • Wood, Elizabeth (2003), "TH-fronting: The substitution of f/v for θ/ð in New Zealand English",New Zealand English Journal,17:50–56,S2CID 61870739

External links

[edit]
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
Place →LabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
Manner ↓Bi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flex(Alve­olo-)​palatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalm̥mɱ̊ɱn̼n̪̊n̪n̥nn̠̊n̠ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbp̪b̪t̼d̼t̪d̪tdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒtʂdʐtɕdʑ
Non-sibilant affricatepɸbβp̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔cçɟʝkxɡɣqχɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricatives̪z̪szʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ⱱɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙr̥rr̠ɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetɬdɮtꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮꞎ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantl̪l̥ll̠ɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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