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Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound
Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate
t̪θ
Audio sample

Avoiceless dental non-sibilant affricate is a type ofconsonantal sound used in somespokenlanguages. The symbols in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨t͡θ⟩, ⟨t͜θ⟩, ⟨t̪͡θ⟩, and ⟨t̟͡θ⟩.

Features

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Features of a voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate:

  • Itsmanner of articulation isaffricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • Itsplace of articulation isdental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upperteeth, termed respectivelyapical andlaminal. Note that most stops and liquids described as dental are actuallydenti-alveolar.
  • Itsphonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

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LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Burmese[1]သုံး / thon:[t̪θóʊ̯̃]'three'Common realization of/θ/.[1]
ChineseJiaoliao Mandarin,Yinan[2] / zuàn[t̪θɑ̃˥]'grip'Corresponds to/ts/ in other varieties.
Chipewyan[3]ddhéth[t̪θɛ́θ]'hide'Contrasts unaspirated, aspirated and ejective affricates.[3]
EnglishDublin[4]think[t̪θɪŋk]'think'Corresponds to[θ] in other dialects; may be[] instead.[4]
Maori[5]Possible realization of/θ/.[5] SeeNew Zealand English phonology
New York City[6]Corresponds to[θ] in other dialects, may be a stop[] or a fricative[θ] instead.[6][7]
Cajun[7]
Received Pronunciationeighth[eɪt̪θ]'eighth'
tenth[tɛnt̪θ]'tenth'The [n] may become dentalised[].
Greekγοτθικός[ɣo̞t̪θiˈko̞s]'gothic'Represented by ⟨τθ⟩, appears in some specific words.
SlaveSlave propereníddhę[ɛ̀nít̪θɛ̃̀]'we want'Corresponds to/p/ or// in other varieties of Slave.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^abWatkins (2001), p. 292.
  2. ^Shao, Liu & Shao (2010), p. 9.
  3. ^abLadefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 91.
  4. ^abCollins & Mees (2003), p. 302.
  5. ^abWarren & Bauer (2004), p. 618.
  6. ^abLabov (1966), pp. 36–37.
  7. ^abCharpentier (2017), p. 5.

References

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External links

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IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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