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Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound
Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
tɬ
IPA number103 (148)
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity(decimal)t​͡
Unicode(hex)U+0074 U+0361
Image

Avoiceless alveolar lateral affricate is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨t͡ɬ⟩ (often simplified to ⟨tɬ⟩), and inAmericanist phonetic notation it is⟨ƛ⟩ (barred lambda).

Features

[edit]

Features of a voiceless alveolar lateral affricate:

  • Itsmanner of articulation isaffricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • Itsplace of articulation isalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at thealveolar ridge, termed respectivelyapical andlaminal.
  • Itsphonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • It is alateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
  • Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

[edit]
FamilyLanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
SemiticArabicLevantineثلاثة/tlete[t͡ɬe̞ːte̞]'three'Allophone of /tl/
Northeast CaucasianAvarлӀугьине/Ļuhine/ڸۇھێنې[t͡ɬ:uhine]'to become'
IroquoianCherokeeOtaliᏝ/tla[t͡ɬa]'no'
Chukotko-KamchatkanChukchiԒыгъоравэтԓьэн[ɬəɣˀorawetɬˀɛn]'Chukchi'
IsolateHaidatla'únhl[t͡ɬʌʊ́nɬ]'six'
SemiticHebrewתלונה/tluna[ˈt͡ɬuna]'complaint'Pronunciation of /tl/ sequence by some speakers.
GermanicIcelandicbolli[ˈpɔt͡ɬɪ]'cup'SeeIcelandic phonology.
RomanceLadintlo[t͡ɬo]'here'Gherdëina variant
Uto-AztecanNahuatlNahuatl[ˈnaːwat͡ɬ]ⓘ'Nahuatl language'
HmongicPa Na[t͡ɬa˧˥]'frost'
Plateau-PenutianSahaptin[t͡ɬupt]'jumping'
RomanceSpanishMexican[1]Xóchitl[ˈʃo̞t͡ʃit͡ɬ]'Xóchitl'SeeSpanish phonology.
Na-DeneTlingit[2]tleilóo[t͡ɬeɬúː]ⓘ'butterfly'Distinguishes aspirated and unaspirated
Northeast CaucasianTsezэлIни/eƛni[ˈʔɛ̝t͡ɬni]'winter'
BantuTswanatlala[t͡ɬala]'hunger'Distinguishes aspirated and unaspirated

References

[edit]
  1. ^Lope Blanch (2004:29)
  2. ^Maddieson, Smith & Bessell (2001:141)

Sources

[edit]
  • Lope Blanch, Juan M. (2004),Cuestiones de filología mexicana, Mexico: editorial Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,ISBN 978-970-32-0976-7
  • Maddieson, Ian; Smith, Caroline; Bessell, Nicola (2001), "Aspects of the phonetics of Tlingit",Anthropological Linguistics,43 (2):135–176,JSTOR 30028779
  • Chen, Qiguang [陈其光]. 2001. "A Brief Introduction of Bana Language [巴那语概况]". Minzu Yuwen.

External links

[edit]
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
Place →LabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
Manner ↓Bi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalm̥mɱ̊ɱn̼n̪̊n̪n̥nn̠̊n̠ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbp̪b̪t̼d̼t̪d̪tdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒtʂdʐtɕdʑ
Non-sibilant affricatepɸbβp̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔cçɟʝkxɡɣqχɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricatives̪z̪szʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ⱱɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙr̥rr̠ɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetɬdɮtꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮꞎ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantl̪l̥ll̠ɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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