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Voiced retroflex nasal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɳ⟩ in IPA
"Retroflex nasal" redirects here. For the voiceless consonant, seeVoiceless retroflex nasal.
Voiced retroflex nasal
ɳ
IPA number117
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity(decimal)ɳ
Unicode(hex)U+0273
X-SAMPAn`
Braille⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
Image

Avoiced retroflex nasal is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɳ⟩.

Like all theretroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of ⟨n⟩, the letter used for the correspondingalveolar consonant. It is similar to ⟨ɲ⟩, the letter for thepalatal nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the left stem, and to ⟨ŋ⟩, the letter for thevelar nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem.

Features

[edit]

Features of a voiced retroflex nasal:

  • Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is alsonasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
  • Itsplace of articulation isretroflex, which prototypically means it is articulatedsubapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it ispostalveolar without beingpalatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can beapical (pointed) or, in some fricatives,laminal (flat).
  • Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is anasal consonant, which means air is exclusively allowed to escape through the nose for nasal stops; otherwise, in addition to through the mouth.
  • It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

[edit]
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Bengali[1]Rare; occurs in the extreme western dialects
Enindhilyagwayingarna[jiŋaɳa]'snake'
Faroeseørn[œɻɳ]'eagle'
Hindiठण्डा/ṭhaṇḍā[ʈʰəɳɖaː]'cold'
Kannadaಅಣೆ/aṇe[ɐɳe]'dam'
KhantyEastern dialectseṇə[eɳə]'large'
Somenorthern dialects
Malayalam[2]അണ/aṇa[ɐɳɐ]'jaw'
Marathiबाण/bāṇa[baːɳ]'arrow'Often realized as a flap in intervocalic and word-final positions. SeeMarathi phonology
Nepaliअण्डा/aṇḍā[ʌɳɖä]'egg'SeeNepali phonology
Norwegiangarn[ɡɑːɳ]ⓘ'yarn'SeeNorwegian phonology
Odiaବଣି/baṇi[bɔɳi]'old'
Pashtoاتڼ/Ataṇ[at̪aɳ]ⓘ'Attan'
PunjabiGurmukhiਪੁਰਾਣਾ/purāṇā[pʊraːɳaː]'old'
Shahmukhiپُراݨا/purāṇā
Scottish GaelicLewis[3]iutharn[ˈjʊhʊɳ]'hell'Dialectal realisation of/rˠn̪ˠ/.
SwedishCentral Standard[4]garn[ɡɑːɳ]ⓘ'yarn'SeeSwedish phonology
Tamil[5]ஆண்/āṇ[aːɳ]ⓘ'male'SeeTamil phonology
Teluguగొణుగు/goṇugu[goɳugu]'murmur'Occurs asallophone ofanuswara when followed byVoiced retroflex plosives.
Vietnamese[6]anh trả[aɳ˧ʈa˨˩˦]'you pay'Allophone of/n/ before/ʈ/ in Saigon dialect. SeeVietnamese phonology

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926).The Origin and Development of the Bangla Language. Vol. 1. Calcutta: Calcutta University Press. p. 269.
  2. ^Ladefoged (2005:165)
  3. ^Oftedal (1956), p. 76.
  4. ^Eliasson (1986:278–279)
  5. ^Keane (2004:111)
  6. ^Thompson (1959:458–461)

References

[edit]
  • Eliasson, Stig (1986), "Sandhi in Peninsular Scandinavian", in Anderson, Henning (ed.),Sandhi Phenomena in the Languages of Europe, Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 271–300
  • Keane, Elinor (2004), "Tamil",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,34 (1):111–116,doi:10.1017/S0025100304001549
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005),Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
  • Oftedal, M. (1956),The Gaelic of Leurbost, Oslo: Norsk Tidskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  • Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics",Language,35 (3):454–476,doi:10.2307/411232,JSTOR 411232

External links

[edit]
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
Place →LabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
Manner ↓Bi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalm̥mɱ̊ɱn̼n̪̊n̪n̥nn̠̊n̠ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbp̪b̪t̼d̼t̪d̪tdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒtʂdʐtɕdʑ
Non-sibilant affricatepɸbβp̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔cçɟʝkxɡɣqχɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricatives̪z̪szʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰʁ̞ʔ̞
Tap/flapⱱ̟ⱱɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙr̥rr̠ɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetɬdɮtꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮꞎ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantl̪l̥ll̠ɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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