| Voiced retroflex lateral flap | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 𝼈(ɺ̢) | |||
| ɭ̆ | |||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity(decimal) | 𝼈 | ||
| Unicode(hex) | U+1DF08 | ||
| |||
| Voiced postalveolar lateral flap | |
|---|---|
| ɺ̠ |
Avoiced retroflex lateral flap is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages. The "implicit" symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet is⟨𝼈 ⟩.[1] The sound may also be transcribed as a short ⟨ɭ̆ ⟩, or with the retired IPA dot diacritic, ⟨ɺ̣⟩.
Some languages have avoiced postalveolar lateral flap, which can be transcribed as ⟨ɺ̠⟩ in the IPA.
Features of a voiced retroflex lateral flap:
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amis | ꞌuꞌul | [ʡuʡuɺ̠ᵊ] | 'fog' | Apical postalveolar with schwa release. | |
| Ilgar | [example needed] | Contrasts/l,ɺ,ɭ,𝼈 / and possibly/ʎ,ʎ̆/, though the last are likely underlying sequences of/lj,ɺj/. | |||
| Iwaidja | [ŋa𝼈uli] | 'my foot' | Contrasts/l,ɺ,ɭ,𝼈 / and possibly/ʎ,ʎ̆/, though the last are likely underlying sequences of/lj,ɺj/. | ||
| Kannada | ಕೇಳಿ/Kēḷi | [keː𝼈i] | 'to ask' | Can be an approximant[ɭ ] instead. | |
| Kobon | ƚawƚ | [𝼈aw𝼈 ] | 'to shoot' | Subapical. | |
| Konkani | फळ/fāḷ | [fə𝼈 ] | 'fruit' | ||
| Kresh[2] | [example needed] | — | — | ||
| Malayalam | വേളി/vēḷi | [veː𝼈i] | 'marriage' | Can be an approximant[ɭ ] instead. | |
| Marathi | केळी/Kēḷī | [ke𝼈iː] | 'bananas' | SeeMarathi phonology | |
| Tarama &Irabu[3] | — | [paɨ𝼈 ] | 'to pull' | ||
| Norwegian | Trøndersk[4] | glas | [ˈɡɺ̠ɑːs] | 'glass' | Apical postalveolar;[4] also described as central[ɽ].[5] SeeNorwegian phonology |
| O'odham[6] | [example needed] | — | — | Apical postalveolar.[6] | |
| Pashto[7][8] | ړوند/llund | [𝼈und] | 'blind' | Contrasts plain and nasalized flaps.[7][8] Tend to be lateral at the beginning of a prosodic unit, and a central flap[ɽ] or approximant[ɻ ] elsewhere. | |
| Swedish[9] | blad | ['b𝼈ɑː(d)] | 'leaf' | Allophone of/l/ and/rd/. More commonly transcribed as[ɽ]. | |
| Tamil | குளி/Kuḷi | [ˈku𝼈i] | 'bathe' | Allophone of/ɭ /. SeeTamil phonology | |
| Telugu | పెళ్ళి/Pelli | [ˈpe𝼈i] | 'Marriage' | Allophone of/ɭ /. SeeTelugu phonology | |
| Tarahumara | Western Rarámuri | [example needed] | — | — | Often transcribed/𝼈 /.[10] |
| Totoli[11] | — | [u𝼈aɡ] | 'snake' | Allophone of/ɺ/ after back vowels.[11] | |
| Tukang Besi[12] | [example needed] | — | — | Possible allophone of/l/ after back vowels, as well as an allophone of/r/.[12] | |
| Wayuu[citation needed] | laülaa | [𝼈áɨ𝼈aa] | 'old man' | postalveolar? | |
| Zaghawa | Chadian dialects | Beri | [be𝼈i] | 'Zaghawa' | |
A retroflex lateral flap has been reported from various languages ofSulawesi such as theSangiric languages,Buol andTotoli,[13] as well asNambikwara in Brazil (plain and laryngealized),Gaagudju in Australia,Purépecha andWestern Rarámuri in Mexico,Moro in Sudan,O'odham andMohawk in the United States,Chaga in Tanzania, andKanuri in Nigeria.
VariousDravidian andIndo-Aryan languages ofIndian subcontinent are reported to have a retroflex lateral flap, either phonemically or phonetically, includingGujarati,Konkani,Marathi,Odia, andRajasthani.[14] Masica describes the sound as widespread in the Indic languages of India:
A retroflex flapped lateral /ḷ/, contrasting with ordinary /l/, is a prominent feature of Odia, Marathi–Konkani, Gujarati, most varieties of Rajasthani and Bhili, Punjabi, some dialects of "Lahnda", ... most dialects of West Pahari, and Kumauni (not in the Southeastern dialect described by Apte and Pattanayak), as well as Hariyanvi and the Saharanpur subdialect of Northwestern Kauravi ("Vernacular Hindustani") investigated by Gumperz. It is absent from most otherNIA languages, including most Hindi dialects, Nepali, Garhwali, Bengali, Assamese, Kashmiri and other Dardic languages (except for the Dras dialect of Shina and possibly Khowar), the westernmost West Pahari dialects bordering Dardic (Bhalesi, Khashali, Rudhari, Padari) as well as the easternmost (Jaunsari, Sirmauri), and from Sindhi, Kacchi, and Siraiki. It was once present in Sinhalese, but in the modern language has merged with /l/.[15]
The voiced alveolar retroflexed laterall is difficult for a non-native speaker to distinguish from the alveolar retroflexed vibrantr.
