Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Voiced labial–velar nasal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound
Voiced labial–velar nasal
ŋ͡m
IPA number119 (114)
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity(decimal)ŋ​͡​m
Unicode(hex)U+014B U+0361 U+006D
X-SAMPANm
Image

Avoiced labial–velar nasal is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in some spokenlanguages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ŋ͡m⟩.

A labial–velar nasal is found in West and Central Africa and eastern New Guinea, as well as in certain contexts in Vietnamese.[1][2]

Features

[edit]

Features of a voiced labial–velar nasal:

  • Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is alsonasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
  • Itsplace of articulation islabial–velar, which means it is simultaneously articulated with the lips and with the back part of thetongue (the dorsum) against thesoft palate (the velum). The dorsal closure is made and released slightly before the labial closure, but they overlap for most of their duration.
  • Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is anasal consonant, which means air is exclusively allowed to escape through the nose for nasal stops; otherwise, in addition to through the mouth.
  • It is amedian consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

[edit]
LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Dangme[3]Dangme[daŋ͡me]'Dangme'
Igala[4]ñm[ŋ͡mɔ̃]'to drink'Allophone of/m/. SeeIgala Phonology
Vietnamese[5]đúng[ɗuŋ͡m]'correct'Allophone of/ŋ/ after/u,o,ɔ/. SeeVietnamese phonology
Yelengmo[ŋ͡mɔ]'breast'Contrastsvoiced labial–alveolar nasal andvoiced labial–retroflex nasal.

Labialized variant

[edit]

Some languages, especially inVanuatu, combine this labial–velar nasal with alabial–velar approximant release, hence[ŋ͡mʷ].

In theBanks Islands languages which have it, the phoneme/ŋ͡mʷ/ is written in localorthographies, using amacron on the corresponding bilabial.In other languages ofVanuatu further south (such asSouth Efate, orLenakel), the same segment is spelled with a combiningtilde.

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Dorig[6]sar[ŋ͡mʷsar]'poor'Realized with anapproximant release.
Lakonuä[uŋ͡mʷæ]'house'
Lenakel[7]noanəɨk[noanəŋ͡mʷɨk]'egg yolk'
Mwesen[8]tasar[taŋ͡mʷsar]'person'

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^List of languages with[ŋm] onPHOIBLE
  2. ^Kirby, James (2011)."Vietnamese"(PDF).Journal of the International Phonetic Association.41 (3): 383.
  3. ^Kropp Dakubu (1987), p. 13.
  4. ^Idakwoji (2014), pp. 425.
  5. ^Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
  6. ^François (2010), p. 429.
  7. ^Nehrbass (1994), p. 89.
  8. ^François (2013), p. 200.

References

[edit]

External links

[edit]
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flex(Alve­olo-)​palatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Other
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiced_labial–velar_nasal&oldid=1336360683"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2026 Movatter.jp