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Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

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Consonantal sound

Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

dʑ

ɟʑ

IPA number 216

Audio sample

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Encoding

Entity(decimal) ʥ

Unicode(hex) U+02A5

X-SAMPA d_z\

Image

Avoiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespoken languages. The symbols in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨d͡ʑ⟩, ⟨d͜ʑ⟩, ⟨ɟ͡ʑ⟩ and ⟨ɟ͜ʑ⟩, though transcribing the stop component with ⟨ɟ⟩ is rare. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨dʑ⟩ or ⟨ɟʑ⟩. This affricate has a dedicated symbolU+02A5 ʥLATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL, which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used.

Neither[d] nor[ɟ] is a completely narrow transcription of the stop component, which can be narrowly transcribed as[d̠ʲ] (retracted andpalatalized[d]),[ɟ̟] or[ɟ˖] (both symbols denote anadvanced[ɟ]). There is also a dedicated symbol ⟨ȡ⟩, which is not a part of the IPA. Therefore, narrow transcriptions of the voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate include[d̠ʲʑ],[ɟ̟ʑ] and[ȡʑ].

[dʑ] is thesibilant equivalent of avoiced palatal affricate.

Features

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Features of a voiced alveolo-palatal affricate:

Itsmanner of articulation issibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequencyturbulence.
Itsplace of articulation isalveolo-palatal. This means that:
- Itsplace of articulation ispostalveolar, meaning that the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth in the area behind thealveolar ridge (the gum line).
- Itstongue shape islaminal, meaning that it is thetongue blade that contacts the roof of the mouth.
- It is heavilypalatalized, meaning that the middle of the tongue is bowed and raised towards thehard palate.
Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

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Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Bengali		যখন	[d͡ʑɔkʰon]	'when'	SeeBengali phonology
Burmese		ဂျင်	[dʑɪ̀ɰ̃]	'top (toy)'
Catalan^[1]	All dialects	mitjà	[mi(d)ˈd͡ʑa]	'medium'	SeeCatalan phonology
Catalan^[1]	Valencian	joc	[ˈd͡ʑɔk]	'game'	SeeCatalan phonology
Chinese	Southern Min	日 /ji̍t	[d͡ʑit̚˧ʔ]	'sun'
Chinese	Wu	渠	[d͡ʑy]	'he/she/it'
Irish	Some dialects^[2]^[3]^[4]	dearg	[d͡ʑaɾˠəɡ]	'red'	Realization of the palatalized alveolar stop/dʲ/ in dialects such as Erris, Teelin and Tourmakeady.^[2]^[3]^[4] SeeIrish phonology
Japanese		知人 /chijin	[t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ]	'acquaintance'	SeeJapanese phonology
Kazakh	Some speakers	жер /jer	[d͡ʑe̘r̥]	'land'	Often realized as/ʒ/. SeeKazakh phonology
Korean	South	편지 /pyeonji	[pʰjʌ̹ːnd͡ʑi]	'letter'	SeeKorean phonology
Kyrgyz		жок /jok	[d͡ʑo̞q]	'no'	Sometimes transcribed as/dʒ/. SeeKyrgyz phonology
Malay	Jambi	توجوه /tujuh	[tud͡ʑʊh]	'seven'	SeeJambi Malay
Okinawan		fijeetiinagaa	[ɸid͡ʑeːtiːnagaː]	'thief'
Polish^[5]		dźwięk	[d͡ʑvʲɛŋk]^ⓘ	'sound'	SeePolish phonology
Romanian	Banat dialect^[6]	des	[d͡ʑes]	'frequent'	Allophone of/d/ before front vowels. Corresponds to[d] in standard Romanian. SeeRomanian phonology
Russian		дочь бы	[ˈd̪o̞d͡ʑbɨ]	'daughter would'	Allophone of/t͡ɕ/ before voiced consonants. SeeRussian phonology
Sema^[7]		aji	[à̠d͡ʑì]	'blood'	Possible allophone of/ʒ/ before/i,e/; can be realized as[ʑ~ʒ~d͡ʒ] instead.^[7]
Serbo-Croatian^[8]^[9]		ђаво /đavo	[d͡ʑâ̠ʋo̞ː]	'devil'	Merges with/d͡ʒ/ in Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects. SeeSerbo-Croatian phonology
Swedish^[10]^[11]		djur	[dʑʉːr]	'animal'	Allophone of/j/ in initial position in older Standard Swedish, Norrbotten and Finland
Uzbek^[12]	Some speakers	jon	[d͡ʑɒn]	'dear'	Allophone of/dʒ/. SeeUzbek phonology
Xumi	Lower^[13]	[d͡ʑɐʔ˦]		'water'
Xumi	Upper^[14]	[d͡ʑɐ̝˦]		'water'
Yi		ꐚ /jji	[d͡ʑi˧]	'bee'

Notes

[edit]

^Wheeler (2005:12)
^^a ^bMhac an Fhailigh (1968:36–37)
^^a ^bWagner (1959:9–10)
^^a ^bde Búrca (1958:24–25)
^Jassem (2003:105)
^Pop (1938), p. 29.
^^a ^bTeo (2014:23)
^Kordić (2006), p. 5.
^Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
^Eriksson (1961:79)
^Westerberg (2004:35)
^Sjoberg (1963:12)
^Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 365.
^Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), p. 382.

References

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Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013), "Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,43 (3):363–379,doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157
Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013), "Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,43 (3):381–396,doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169
de Búrca, Seán (1958),The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies,ISBN 0-901282-49-9{{citation}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Eriksson, Manne (1961),En översikt över det svenska landsmålsalfabetets utveckling och användning huvudsakligen i tidskriften SVENSKA LANDSMÅL(PDF), p. 79
Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33 (1):103–107,doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968),The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies,ISBN 0-901282-02-2
Pavlík, Radoslav (2004),"Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda"(PDF),Jazykovedný časopis,55:87–109
Pop, Sever (1938),Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963),Uzbek Structural Grammar, Uralic and Altaic Series, vol. 18, Bloomington: Indiana University
Teo, Amos B. (2014),A phonological and phonetic description of Sumi, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nagaland(PDF), Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics,ISBN 978-1-922185-10-5
Wagner, Heinrich (1959),Gaeilge Theilinn (in Irish), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies,ISBN 1-85500-055-5{{citation}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Westerberg, Anna (2004),Norsjömålet under 150 år, Kungl. Gustav Adolfs Akademien för svensk folkkultur, p. 35,ISBN 91-85352-55-1
Wheeler, Max W (2005),The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press,ISBN 0-19-925814-7
Kordić, Snježana (2006),Serbo-Croatian, Languages of the World/Materials; 148, Munich & Newcastle: Lincom Europa,ISBN 978-3-89586-161-1
Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian",Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69,ISBN 978-0-521-65236-0

External links

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List of languages with[dʑ] onPHOIBLE

International Phonetic Alphabet(chart)

IPA topics

IPA	International Phonetic Association History of the alphabet Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA) Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) Journal of the IPA (JIPA)
Special topics	Cursive forms Case variants Obsolete and nonstandard symbols Naming conventions Sinological extensions World Orthography IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings	ASCII encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Usenet ASCII-IPA TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode IPA number IPA Braille

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal/epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m	ɱ̊	ɱ		n̼	n̪̊	n̪	n̥	n	n̠̊	n̠	ɳ̊	ɳ	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Plosive	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̼	d̼	t̪	d̪	t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪	d̪z̪	ts	dz	t̠ʃ	d̠ʒ	tʂ	dʐ	tɕ	dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ	bβ	p̪f	b̪v			t̪θ	d̪ð	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔	d̠ɹ̠˔			cç	ɟʝ	kx	ɡɣ	qχ	ɢʁ	ʡʜ	ʡʢ	ʔh
Sibilantfricative							s̪	z̪	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ̼	ð̼	θ	ð	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔	ɹ̠˔	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔	ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	h	ɦ
Approximant		β̞		ʋ				ð̞		ɹ		ɹ̠		ɻ		j		ɰ						˷
Tap/flap		ⱱ̟		ⱱ		ɾ̼			ɾ̥	ɾ			ɽ̊	ɽ						ɢ̆		ʡ̮
Trill	ʙ̥	ʙ							r̥	r		r̠	ɽ̊r̥	ɽr					ʀ̥	ʀ	ʜ	ʢ
Lateral affricate									tɬ	dɮ			tꞎ	d𝼅	c𝼆	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄	ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative							ɬ̪		ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ	𝼅	𝼆	ʎ̝	𝼄	ʟ̝
Lateral approximant								l̪	l̥	l		l̠	ɭ̊	ɭ	ʎ̥	ʎ	ʟ̥	ʟ		ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥	ɺ			𝼈̊	𝼈		ʎ̮		ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

		BL	LD	D	A	PA	RF	P	V	U
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ			ɗ		ᶑ	ʄ	ɠ	ʛ
Implosive	Voiceless	ɓ̥			ɗ̥		ᶑ̊	ʄ̊	ɠ̊	ʛ̥
Ejective	Stop	pʼ			tʼ		ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
	Affricate		p̪fʼ	t̪θʼ	tsʼ	t̠ʃʼ	tʂʼ	tɕʼ	kxʼ	qχʼ
	Fricative	ɸʼ	fʼ	θʼ	sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ	xʼ	χʼ
	Lateral affricate				tɬʼ			c𝼆ʼ	k𝼄ʼ	q𝼄ʼ
	Lateral fricative				ɬʼ
Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular)	Tenuis	kʘ qʘ		kǀ qǀ	kǃ qǃ		k𝼊 q𝼊	kǂ qǂ
	Voiced	ɡʘ ɢʘ		ɡǀ ɢǀ	ɡǃ ɢǃ		ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊	ɡǂ ɢǂ
	Nasal	ŋʘ ɴʘ		ŋǀ ɴǀ	ŋǃ ɴǃ		ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊	ŋǂ ɴǂ	ʞ
	Tenuislateral				kǁ qǁ
	Voiced lateral				ɡǁ ɢǁ
	Nasal lateral				ŋǁ ɴǁ