Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨ɮ⟩ in IPA
Voiced alveolar lateral fricative ɮ IPA number 149 Audio sample Encoding Entity(decimal) ɮUnicode(hex) U+026E X-SAMPA K\Braille Image
Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative ɮ̠ Audio sample
Avoiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespoken languages .
Former style of the IPA letter for a voiced alveolar lateral fricative The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceddental ,alveolar , andpostalveolar lateral fricatives is ⟨ɮ ⟩, sometimes referred to aslezh .
In 1938, a symbol shaped similarly toheng ⟨ꜧ ⟩ was approved as the official IPA symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative, replacing ⟨ɮ ⟩. It was suggested at the same time, however, that a compromise shaped like something between the two may also be used at the author's discretion. It was this compromise version that was included in the 1949Principles of the International Phonetic Association and the subsequent IPA charts, until it was replaced again by ⟨ɮ ⟩ at the 1989Kiel Convention .[ 1] ɮ ⟩ is nonetheless seen in literature from the 1960s to the 1980s.[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6]
There are severalUnicode characters based on lezh (ɮ):
U+1079E 𐞞 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH is asuperscript IPA letter [ 7] U+1079F 𐞟 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is a superscript IPA letter[ 7] U+1DF05 𝼅 LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is anextension to IPA for disordered speech (extIPA)[ 7] [ 8] Features of a voiced alveolar lateral fricative:
Itsmanner of articulation isfricative , which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causingturbulence . Itsplace of articulation isalveolar , which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at thealveolar ridge , termed respectivelyapical laminal Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation. It is anoral consonant , which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose. It is alateral consonant , which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle. Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic , which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles , as in most sounds. Dental or denti-alveolar [ edit ] Voiced lateral-median fricative [ edit ] Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative ʫ ð̠ˡ Image
Voiced dental lateral–median fricative ʫ̪ ðˡ
Thevoiced alveolar lateral–median fricative (also known as a "lisp" fricative) is a consonantal sound pronounced with simultaneous lateral and central airflow.
Itsmanner of articulation isfricative , which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causingturbulence . However, it does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant. Itsplace of articulation isalveolar , which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at thealveolar ridge , termed respectivelyapical laminal Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation. It is anoral consonant , which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose. It is acentral consonant , which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides. It is alateral consonant , which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle. Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic , which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles , as in most sounds. ^ Wells, John (3 November 2006)."The symbolɮ " .John Wells’s phonetic blog . Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London. Retrieved1 February 2018 .^ Newman, Paul (1964)."A word list of Tera" .Journal of West African Languages .1 (2):33– 50.^ Catford, J. C. ;Ladefoged, Peter (1968).Working Papers in Phonetics 11: Practical Phonetic Exercises ^ Brosnahan, L. F.; Malmberg, Bertil (1970).Introduction to Phonetics . Cambridge University Press. p. 105.ISBN 0-521-21100-X ^ Ladefoged, Peter (1971).Preliminaries to Linguistic Phonetics 54 .ISBN 0-226-46787-2 ^ MacKay, Ian (1987).Phonetics: The Science of Speech Production 106 .ISBN 0-316-54238-5 ^a b c Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11)."L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF) . ^ Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07)."L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF) . ^a b Grønnum (2005) , pp. 154–155.^ Friesen (2017) , p. 49.^ Tench (2007) , p. 228.^ Poulos (1998) , p. 548. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPoulos1998 (help ) ^ Heselwood (2013)Phonetic transcription in theory and practice , p 122–123 ^a b Janet Watson (January 2011)."Lateral fricatives and lateral emphatics in southern Saudi Arabia and Mehri" .academia.edu . ^ Watson, Janet (January 2013)."Lateral reflexes of Proto-Semitic D and Dh in Al-Rubūʽah dialect, south-west Saudi Arabic: Electropalatographic and acoustic evidence" .Nicht Nur mit Engelszungen: Beiträge zur Semitischen Dialektologie: Festschrift für Werner Arnold . Friesen, Isaac (2017),A grammar of Moloko (1st ed.), Language Science PressGrønnum, Nina (2005),Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk ISBN 87-500-3865-6 Ladefoged, Peter (2005),Vowels and Consonants (2nd ed.), BlackwellPoulos, George ; Msimang, Christian T. (1998),A Linguistic Analysis of Zulu (1st ed.), Via AfrikaTench, Paul (2007), "Tera",Journal of the International Phonetic Association ,37 (1):228– 234,doi :10.1017/s0025100307002952
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