Gisbertus Voetius | |
|---|---|
 Gisbertus Voetius byNicolaes Maes, 1670s | |
| Born | Gijsbert Voet (1589-03-03)3 March 1589 |
| Died | 1 November 1676(1676-11-01) (aged 87) Catharijnekerk,Utrecht, Dutch Republic |
| Resting place | Catharijnekerk, Utrecht |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Education | Leiden University |
| Occupations | |
| Known for | Voetian theology |
| Notable work | Politica Ecclesiastica (4 vol., 1663–76) Diatriba de Theologia (1668) |
| Spouse | Deliana van Diest |
| Theological work | |
| Tradition or movement | |
Gisbertus Voetius (Latinized version of the Dutch nameGijsbert Voet[ˈɣɛizbərtˈfut]; 3 March 1589 – 1 November 1676) was aDutchCalvinisttheologian andprofessor.
He was born atHeusden, in theDutch Republic, studied atLeiden, and in 1611 became Protestant pastor ofVlijmen, whence in 1617 he returned to Heusden. In 1619, he played an influential part in theSynod of Dort, at which he was the youngest delegate.[1] In 1634, Voetius was made professor of theology and Oriental science at theUniversity of Utrecht. Three years later he became pastor of the Utrecht congregation. He was an advocate of a strong form ofCalvinism (Gomarism) against theArminians. The city ofUtrecht perpetuated his memory by giving his name to the street in which he had lived.[2]
In March 1642, while serving asrector of theUniversity of Utrecht, Voetius persuaded the university's academic senate to issue a formal condemnation of theCartesian philosophy and its local defender,Henricus Regius. According to the senate's statement, Cartesian philosophy was to be suppressed because:
Descartes countered with a personal attack on Voetius, in a letter toJacques Dinet, which he made public in the second edition (1642) of hisMeditations. Voetius was provoked into gettingMartin Schoock to produce a book-length assault on Descartes and his work, theAdmiranda methodus (1643). Descartes associated the quarrel with the part Voetius was playing with another controversy withSamuel Maresius, who was at least sympathetic to some Cartesian ideas. Legal and diplomatic moves followed (the protagonists were in different provinces in the Netherlands); and Maresius at theUniversity of Groningen was able to extract some admissions from Schoock that were quite damaging to Voetius.[4]
In his long letter to Voetius (Epistola ad Voetium),Descartes mentioned Aristotelianism only twice; by contrast, the topics of theology, faith, and atheism were put on the table hundreds of times. Both Descartes and Voetius acknowledged that the issue they treated was most of all theological.
Voetius pursued the faith-seeking-understanding program whereas Descartes repudiated the faith-lacking-understanding project. The primary concern of Voetius was not to preserve Aristotelianism but to keep the biblical truth that, as he put it, was received from orthodox tradition.
Descartes insisted that the article of faith did not fall under the regime of human reason because faith was something one could not fully grasp with reason. He argued that whoever embraced the articles of faith for incorrect reasoning would commit a sin no less grave than those who rejected them. What Descartes desperately defended was the autonomy of human reason and its proper use. In his philosophical enterprise, faith seemed to hinder the autonomy and the use of reason. He believed that his method of doubt would provide a firm road to perfect knowledge.
Voetius, however, argued that human reason was surrounded by error and sin, so perfect knowledge was impossible for humans. He maintained that human beings would be able to learn the truth from divine revelation, which was the only principle in the pursuit of truth. Therefore, for Voetius, Cartesianism was primarily confronted with scriptural truth, not with Aristotelianism.[5]
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Voetius, Gysbertus".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 170.