Vladimir Rusanov | |
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| Born | 3 November [O.S. 15 November] 1875 Oryol, Russia |
| Died | c. 1913 (aged 37–38) Kara Sea, Russia |
| Occupation(s) | Geologist,Arctic explorer |
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Vladimir Alexandrovich Rusanov (Russian:Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Руса́нов; 3 November [O.S. 15 November] 1875 – c. 1913) was a Russiangeologist andArctic explorer.
Rusanov was born in a merchant's family inOryol, Russia. His early life was marred by hardship when his father went bankrupt before dying while Rusanov was still a child. Rusanov's widowed mother struggled to bring up the family but managed to send her son to the Oryol Gymnasium (Grammar School). Rusanov however began to be involved with Marxist revolutionaries. He was arrested by the police who while they could not prove anything informed the gymnasium leading to his expulsion. Rusanov therefore joined a theological seminary.
Rusanov entered the natural sciences faculty at Kiev University in 1897. At Kiev he was involved in Marxist activities and was again expelled and briefly imprisoned. While in jail he was inspired by books aboutFridtjof Nansen's Arctic voyages and resolved to become a polar explorer. Rusanov was released in 1899 but subject to police over watch.
Sent into internal exile in Siberia, Rusanov became a statistician for the local council in Ust Syslosk (renamedSyktyvkar in 1930), where he conducted scientific observations in addition to his duties. At the end of his term he was not allowed to reside in any major Russian city, depriving him of a chance to further his education, he therefore went to study in Paris at the Sorbonne. Russanov specialised in geology and wrote his thesis on the geology of Novaya Zemlya. He was allowed to return to Russia in 1907.
In 1909–1911 V. A. Rusanov carried out explorations inNovaya Zemlya. He was helped by Tyko Vylka, his guide, who later became the Chairman of the Novaya Zemlya Soviet (local Council).
In 1912 Rusanov had been appointed to command a government expedition toSvalbard to investigate the coal potential.[1] He sailed from Aleksandrovsk-na-Murmane (nowPolyarnyy, nearMurmansk) on 26 June on shipGerkules under CaptainAlexander Kuchin,Roald Amundsen's South Pole navigator. The personnel consisted of thirteen men and one woman, Rusanov'sFrench fiancée Julie Jean. Apart from Rusanov there was another geologist and a zoologist.
At the end of a very successful summer's field work, three members of the expedition (the geologist, the zoologist and the ship's bosun) returned to Russia via Grønfjorden inNorway.[2] The remaining ten, however, without consultation with the authorities inSt. Petersburg, set off with Rusanov in an incredibly rash attempt at reaching thePacific Ocean via theNorthern Sea Route. Their shipGerkules was too small for the kind of expedition Rusanov had in mind.
The last to be heard of Rusanov's expedition was a telegram left at Matochkin SharonNovaya Zemlya, which reached St. Petersburg on 27 September 1912. In it, Rusanov indicated that he intended rounding the northern tip of Novaya Zemlya and heading east across theKara Sea but nothing was heard from theGerkules thereafter. He and his 11-man team, including Alexander Kuchin, disappeared without trace a year later in theKara Sea, off the northern coast of Siberia.
In 1914–15 the almost impossible task of searching for Rusanov (as well as for the similarly disappeared CaptainGeorgy Brusilov and theBrusilov Expedition), was entrusted toOtto Sverdrup with the shipEklips. His efforts, however, were unsuccessful.
In 1937, theArctic Institute of theSoviet Union organized an expedition to theNordenskiöld Archipelago on the shipToros. Relics of the ill-fated Rusanov's expedition were found onPopova-Chukchina Island, located at (74° 56'N, 86° 18'E) off Kolosovykh Island in theKolosovykh group.
A glacier inOctober Revolution Island, in theSevernaya Zemlya group has been named after Vladimir Rusanov.
Rusanov is dutifully remembered in the city of his birth,Oryol, where the Rusanova Street is named after him. There is also a museum in the house where he spent his childhood and youth at no. 43 Rusanova Street. The cabin Rusanov built on Svalbard in 1912 (Rusanovodden) was turned into a small self-guided museum.
The Soviet-eraicebreakerVladimir Rusanov and theYamalmaxLNG carrier have been named after him.
Soviet coal mining onSvalbard began in 1932.
