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Visp

Coordinates:46°17′45″N7°53′00″E / 46.29583°N 7.88333°E /46.29583; 7.88333
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Municipality in Valais, Switzerland
Visp
Visp as seen from the south
Visp as seen from the south
Flag of Visp
Flag
Coat of arms of Visp
Coat of arms
Location of Visp
Map
Visp is located in Switzerland
Visp
Visp
Show map of Switzerland
Visp is located in Canton of Valais
Visp
Visp
Show map of Canton of Valais
Coordinates:46°17′45″N7°53′00″E / 46.29583°N 7.88333°E /46.29583; 7.88333
CountrySwitzerland
CantonValais
DistrictVisp
Government
 • MayorNiklaus Furger
Area
 • Total
13.17 km2 (5.08 sq mi)
Elevation
658 m (2,159 ft)
Population
 (31 December 2018)[2]
 • Total
7,948
 • Density600/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (Central European Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)
Postal code(s)
3930
SFOS number6297
ISO 3166 codeCH-VS
Surrounded byBaltschieder,Brig-Glis,Bürchen,Lalden,Raron,Visperterminen,Zeneggen
Websitevisp.ch
SFSO statistics

Visp (German:[fɪʃp];French:Viège;Walser:Fischp) is the capital of the district ofVisp in thecanton ofValais inSwitzerland.

Geography

[edit]
Aerial view from 100 m byWalter Mittelholzer (1919)

Visp lies in theRhône valley, at the confluence of theVispa and the Rhône, 9 km (6 mi) west ofBrig-Glis.

Visp has an area, as of 2011[update], of 13.2 square kilometers (5.1 sq mi). Of this area, 17.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 59.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 19.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and 3.9% is unproductive land.[3]

The proposed merger of the municipalities ofEggerberg,Ausserberg,Bürchen,Baltschieder, Visp andVisperterminen was rejected by the residents.[4]

Coat of arms

[edit]

Theblazon of the municipalcoat of arms isPer pale Argent and Gules, two Lions rampant reguardant counterchanged.[5]

Demographics

[edit]

Visp has a population (as of December 2020[update]) of 8,060.[6] As of 2008[update], 19.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[7] Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 5.8%. It has changed at a rate of 4.5% due to migration and at a rate of 1.1% due to births and deaths.[3]

Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaksGerman (5,778 or 88.2%) as their first language,Serbo-Croatian is the second most common (192 or 2.9%) andAlbanian is the third (139 or 2.1%). There are 107 people who speakFrench, 111 people who speakItalian and 3 people who speakRomansh.[8]

As of 2008[update], the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. The population was made up of 2,671 Swiss men (39.0% of the population) and 713 (10.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 2,808 Swiss women (41.0%) and 650 (9.5%) non-Swiss women.[9] Of the population in the municipality, 2,556 or about 39.0% were born in Visp and lived there in 2000. There were 2,138 or 32.6% who were born in the same canton, while 588 or 9.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,033 or 15.8% were born outside of Switzerland.[8]

As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 23.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 15%.[3]

As of 2000[update], there were 2,730 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 3,191 married individuals, 378 widows or widowers and 251 individuals who are divorced.[8]

As of 2000[update], there were 2,536 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household.[3] There were 721 households that consist of only one person and 171 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 2,349 apartments (87.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 257 apartments (9.6%) were seasonally occupied and 66 apartments (2.5%) were empty.[10] As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 5.4 new units per 1000 residents.[3]

As of 2003[update] the average price to rent an average apartment in Visp was 923.95Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$740, £420, €590 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 436.43 CHF (US$350, £200, €280), a two-room apartment was about 610.65 CHF (US$490, £270, €390), a three-room apartment was about 833.36 CHF (US$670, £380, €530) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 936.90 CHF (US$750, £420, €600). The average apartment price in Visp was 82.8% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[11] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.95%.[3]

The historical population is given in the following chart:[12]

Sights

[edit]
Engraving byMatthäus Merian, 1654.

The entire small city of Visp is designated as part of theInventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[13]

Politics

[edit]
Visp Town hall

In the2007 federal election the most popular party was theCVP which received 62.91% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were theSP (16.23%), theSVP (14.67%) and theFDP (3.81%). In the federal election, a total of 2,732 votes were cast, and thevoter turnout was 60.1%.[14]

In the 2009Conseil d'État/Staatsrat election a total of 2,235 votes were cast, of which 239 or about 10.7% were invalid. The voter participation was 49.3%, which is much less than the cantonal average of 54.67%.[15] In the 2007Swiss Council of States election a total of 2,731 votes were cast, of which 74 or about 2.7% were invalid. The voter participation was 60.6%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 59.88%.[16]

Economy

[edit]

The major employer in the town is the chemical company,LONZA AG, which employs about 2,550 people.[17] Visp is the economic centre of the region and draws workers from many surrounding towns and even from Italy. This leads to a unique situation where there are more jobs in Visp than the total population (7,700 positions for a population of about 6,700).[18]

As of  2010[update], Visp had an unemployment rate of 2.2%. As of 2008[update], there were 63 people employed in theprimary economic sector and about 21 businesses involved in this sector. 4,288 people were employed in thesecondary sector and there were 93 businesses in this sector. 3,901 people were employed in thetertiary sector, with 420 businesses in this sector.[3] There were 3,178 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.4% of the workforce.

In 2008[update] the total number offull-time equivalent jobs was 7,188. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 34, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 4,110 of which 3,401 or (82.7%) were in manufacturing and 608 (14.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 3,044. In the tertiary sector; 1,002 or 32.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 141 or 4.6% were in the movement and storage of goods, 181 or 5.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 45 or 1.5% were in the information industry, 168 or 5.5% were the insurance or financial industry, 275 or 9.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 175 or 5.7% were in education and 788 or 25.9% were in health care.[19]

In 2000[update], there were 5,635 workers who commuted into the municipality and 881 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 6.4 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 3.2% of the workforce coming into Visp are coming from outside Switzerland.[20] Of the working population, 11.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 39.5% used a private car.[3]

Environmental and socioeconomic impacts of Lonza chemical factory in Visp

[edit]

The Lonza chemical factory regularly makes headlines and causes concern, as attempted soil contamination is frequently discovered around Visp. This has, at times, led to gardens being rendered unusable, with the type, quantity, and precise locations of the contaminated soil often remaining unclear. Since 1987, it has been known that the Gamsenried landfill has, demonstrably, poisoned groundwater. Throughout the investigations and reassurances from Lonza, accusations against the company and the canton have arisen multiple times, alleging that they were concealing investigation results and not communicating transparently.[21]

Switzerland's environmental concerns regarding Lonza became apparent in September 2016. At that time, Lonza threatened environmental authorities that they would consider relocating to China if they were not willing to bear the costs of a legally required air filter.[22] The threat had an impact. Ultimately, Switzerland yielded and paid millions, far exceeding the costs of such a filter. In this context, there was also a report by Swiss television, in which serious allegations against Lonza were raised. Not only was the extensive contamination from the hazardous waste site criticized, but also Lonza's attempt to pass the costs onto the state treasury. This was particularly perplexing because Lonza consistently generated billion-dollar profits.

In 2018, it was discovered that anicotinic acid factory at the Lonza site was responsible for around one percent of the country's greenhouse gas emissions, as the chemical synthesis route used generatednitrous oxide as a byproduct.[23][24] Eventually, catalytic scrubbing technology that eliminates most of the emissions was installed in 2021.[25]

In 2021, Lonza announced plans to create 1,200 new jobs in Visp. Lonza rapidly conducted extensive advertising both in Switzerland and internationally to fill these positions as quickly as possible.[26] However, the municipality and the Visp region were unprepared for such an influx. Water, electricity, and accommodation facilities were not equipped to handle the needs of so many newcomers. Despite Lonza generating billions in Visp, they did not pay taxes in the Visp region.[27] As a result, the municipality had to cover the necessary costs arising from the influx itself, which regularly led to deficits in the municipal budget. Apart from concerns about drinking water, the extreme housing shortage and the consequent soaring rental prices were also prominent issues. In May 2022, a case of social welfare made headlines, where a mother and her child were forced to live in a tent on a campsite.

Religion

[edit]
St. Martin's church

From the 2000 census[update], 5,390 or 82.3% wereRoman Catholic, while 306 or 4.7% belonged to theSwiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 174members of an Orthodox church (or about 2.66% of the population), there were 3 individuals (or about 0.05% of the population) who belonged to theChristian Catholic Church, and there were 104 individuals (or about 1.59% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who wasJewish, and 250 (or about 3.82% of the population) who wereMuslim. There were 10 individuals who wereBuddhist and 3 individuals who wereHindu. 88 (or about 1.34% of the population) belonged to no church, areagnostic oratheist, and 268 individuals (or about 4.09% of the population) did not answer the question.[8]

Education

[edit]
Dominique Gisin, 2011

In Visp about 2,401 or (36.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatoryupper secondary education, and 715 or (10.9%) have completed additional higher education (eitheruniversity or aFachhochschule). Of the 715 who completed tertiary schooling, 64.9% were Swiss men, 18.0% were Swiss women, 11.3% were non-Swiss men and 5.7% were non-Swiss women.[8]

During the 2010–2011 school year there were a total of 910 students in the Visp school system. Theeducation system in the Canton of Valais allows young children to attend one year of non-obligatoryKindergarten.[28] During that school year, there 7 kindergarten classes (KG1 or KG2) and 140 kindergarten students. The canton's school system requires students to attend six years ofprimary school. In Visp there were a total of 28 classes and 513 students in the primary school. Thesecondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling (orientation classes), followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. There were 397 lower secondary students who attended school in Visp.[29] All the upper secondary students attended school in another municipality.

As of 2000[update], there were 339 students in Visp who came from another municipality, while 250 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[20]

Visp is home to theMediathek library. The library has (as of 2008[update]) 12,438 books or other media, and loaned out 36,395 items in the same year. It was open a total of 149 days with average of 12 hours per week during that year.[30]

Transportation

[edit]
Main train station of Visp

Visp railway station is ajunction station, with a modern station building completed in 2007. It is served by two standard gauge lines,Simplon railway andLötschberg railway line (with services operated bySwiss Federal Railways), and a metre gauge lineBVZ Zermatt-Bahn (with services operated by theMatterhorn Gotthard Bahn).

The railway and bus stations in Visp andBrig are starting points for many outdoor activities, trips, and tours in the surrounding mountain resortsZermatt andSaas-Fee, lying at the foot of almost all the highest peaks in theAlps, such asMatterhorn,Monte Rosa,Dom andWeisshorn.

View of Visp and Vispertal from theAusserberg area

Sport

[edit]

EHC Visp is the city's main team. They play in theSwiss League and their home arena is the Lonza Arena. Most of their home games are played in front of a sell out crowd of 5,125.

Sepp Blatter, 2015

Notable people

[edit]

Climate

[edit]

Visp features a warm-summerhumid continental climate (Dfb) according to theKöppen climate classification. Precipitation is lower than in other parts of Switzerland due to its location inside the high mountain ranges of the western Alps, which shields it from the precipitation falling both south and north of the Alps.

Climate data for Visp, elevation 639 m (2,096 ft), (1991–2020)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)3.2
(37.8)
6.7
(44.1)
13.1
(55.6)
17.0
(62.6)
21.3
(70.3)
25.1
(77.2)
27.1
(80.8)
26.3
(79.3)
21.8
(71.2)
16.3
(61.3)
8.7
(47.7)
3.3
(37.9)
15.8
(60.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)−0.7
(30.7)
1.4
(34.5)
6.6
(43.9)
10.5
(50.9)
14.5
(58.1)
18.1
(64.6)
19.8
(67.6)
19.1
(66.4)
15.0
(59.0)
10.2
(50.4)
4.2
(39.6)
−0.2
(31.6)
9.9
(49.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−4.9
(23.2)
−3.5
(25.7)
0.3
(32.5)
3.5
(38.3)
7.4
(45.3)
10.9
(51.6)
12.4
(54.3)
12.1
(53.8)
8.6
(47.5)
4.5
(40.1)
−0.3
(31.5)
−4.0
(24.8)
3.9
(39.0)
Averageprecipitation mm (inches)56.6
(2.23)
38.8
(1.53)
43.1
(1.70)
40.4
(1.59)
56.5
(2.22)
43.8
(1.72)
47.2
(1.86)
49.7
(1.96)
36.3
(1.43)
51.6
(2.03)
61.3
(2.41)
65.2
(2.57)
590.5
(23.25)
Average snowfall cm (inches)31.1
(12.2)
20.0
(7.9)
5.3
(2.1)
3.2
(1.3)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
5.3
(2.1)
21.5
(8.5)
86.4
(34.1)
Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm)6.95.25.85.47.47.47.17.75.96.77.47.580.4
Average snowy days(≥ 1.0 cm)5.33.91.20.40.00.10.00.00.11.51.74.318.5
Averagerelative humidity (%)78706057616263677073768168
Source 1:NOAA[32]
Source 2:MeteoSwiss (snow 1981–2010)[33][34]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved13 January 2019.
  2. ^"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved11 April 2019.
  3. ^abcdefghSwiss Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 4 October 2011
  4. ^Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office(in German) Retrieved 17 February 2011
  5. ^Flags of the World.com. Retrieved 4 October 2011
  6. ^"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit".bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved21 September 2021.
  7. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Superweb database – Gemeinde Statistics 1981–2008(in German) Retrieved 19 June 2010
  8. ^abcdeSTAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000Archived 9 August 2013 at theWayback Machine(in German) Retrieved 2 February 2011
  9. ^Ständige Wohnbevolkerung nach Geschlecht und Heimat am 31.12.2009.xls(in German and French) Retrieved 24 August 2011
  10. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 – Gebäude und WohnungenArchived 7 September 2014 at theWayback Machine(in German) Retrieved 28 January 2011
  11. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Rental pricesArchived 23 April 2010 at theWayback Machine 2003 data(in German) Retrieved 26 May 2010
  12. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850–2000Archived 30 September 2014 at theWayback Machine(in German) Retrieved 29 January 2011
  13. ^"Kantonsliste A-Objekte".KGS Inventar (in German). Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. Archived fromthe original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved25 April 2011.
  14. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office,Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton(in German) Retrieved 28 May 2010
  15. ^Staatsratswahlen vom 1. März 2009(in German) Retrieved 24 August 2011
  16. ^Ständeratswahl 2007(in German) Retrieved 24 August 2011
  17. ^City of Visp website-Industry(in German) Retrieved 18 May 2009
  18. ^City of Visp website-Employment(in German) Retrieved 18 May 2009
  19. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3Archived 25 December 2014 at theWayback Machine(in German) Retrieved 28 January 2011
  20. ^abSwiss Federal Statistical Office – StatwebArchived 4 August 2012 atarchive.today(in German) Retrieved 24 June 2010
  21. ^"Verseuchtes Wallis - die Altlasten der Lonza".
  22. ^"Die Klimaschande von Visp (German)".
  23. ^Lenz, Christoph (2021),"The climate disgrace of Visp",European Press Prize,archived from the original on 8 September 2023, retrieved8 September 2023
  24. ^Laudert, D.; Hohmann, H.-P. (2011).Application of Enzymes and Microbes for the Industrial Production of Vitamins and Vitamin-Like Compounds. Elsevier. p. 620.doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64046-8.00188-9.ISBN 978-0-444-64047-5.Lonza AG of Switzerland produces nicotinic acid in their Swiss production site in Visp, whereas the manufacturing site for the amide is in China, Guangdong Province.
  25. ^Davidson, EA; Winiwarter, W (July 2023)."Urgent abatement of industrial sources of nitrous oxide"(PDF).Nature Climate Change.13 (7):599–601.Bibcode:2023NatCC..13..599D.doi:10.1038/s41558-023-01723-3.
  26. ^"Die neuen Walliser – Tausende folgen dem Lockruf der Lonza (German)".
  27. ^"Ein Tal wird gentrifiziert (German)". 16 February 2022.
  28. ^EDK/CDIP/IDES (2010).Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein(PDF) (Report). Retrieved24 June 2010.
  29. ^Obligatorische Schulzeit(in German) Retrieved 24 August 2011
  30. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of librariesArchived 6 July 2015 at theWayback Machine(in German) Retrieved 14 May 2010
  31. ^Minder, Raphael (8 June 2015)."Sepp Blatter, FIFA's Fallen Chief, Is Held Up as Hero at Home (Published 2015)".The New York Times.Archived from the original on 16 June 2022.
  32. ^"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020".World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe original on 13 December 2024. Retrieved13 December 2024.
  33. ^"Climate Normals Visp (Reference period 1991−2020)"(PDF). Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. Retrieved29 January 2022.
  34. ^"Climate Normals Visp 1981–2010".Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Retrieved9 November 2020.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toVisp.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide forVisp.
Coat of arms of Canton Valais


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