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Visa requirements for Sammarinese citizens

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Administrative entry restrictions
Passport
Sammarinese passport
TypePassport
Issued by Government of San Marino
PurposeIdentification
EligibilitySammarinese citizenship
Expiration10 years (applicants aged over 14); 5 years (applicants aged 3-14); 3 years (applicants aged under 3)

Visa requirements for Sammarinese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens ofSan Marino. As of 2025, San Marino citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 169 countries and territories, ranking theSan Marino passport 17th in terms of travel freedom according to theHenley Passport Index.[1]

San Marino andRussia signed a visa-free agreement on 2 December 2021,[2] however it has not been implemented yet.

Visa requirements map

[edit]
Visa requirements for Sammarinese citizens
  San Marino
  Freedom of movement
  Visa-free
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa required

Visa requirements

[edit]
CountryVisa requirementAllowed stayNotes (excluding departure fees)
AfghanistanVisa required[3]
AlbaniaVisa not required[4]90 days
AlgeriaVisa required[5]
AndorraVisa not required[6]
AngolaeVisa[7][8]
Antigua and BarbudaVisa not required[9]1 month
ArgentinaVisa not required[10]90 days
ArmeniaVisa not required[11]180 days
AustraliaeVisitor[12]90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted
AustriaVisa not required[13]90 days
AzerbaijaneVisa[14][15]30 days
BahamasVisa not required[16]8 months
BahraineVisa / Visa on arrival[17][18]14 days
BangladeshVisa on arrival[19]30 days
BarbadosVisa not required[20]6 months
BelarusVisa not required[21]30 days[22]
  • Visa-free until 31 December 2024.[23]
BelgiumVisa not required[24]90 days
BelizeVisa not required[25]90 days
BenineVisa[26][27]30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
BhutaneVisa[28][29][30]90 days
  • May independently obtain an e-Visa for 90 days stay. Visa fee is 40USD per person (nonrefundable). Visa application maybe processed within 5 business days.
  • e-Visa applicant is also subject to paySustainable Development Fee of 100 USD per day.
BoliviaVisa on arrival[31]
Bosnia and HerzegovinaVisa not required[32]90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
BotswanaVisa not required[33]90 days
BrazilVisa not required[34]90 days
BruneiVisa required[35]
BulgariaVisa not required[36]90 days
Burkina FasoeVisa[37][38]
BurundiVisa on arrival[39][40]30 days
CambodiaeVisa / Visa on arrival[41]30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[42]
CamerooneVisa[43][44]
CanadaElectronic Travel Authorization[45]6 months
  • eTA required if arriving by air.[46]
Cape VerdeVisa not required[47]30 days
Central African RepublicVisa required[48]
ChadVisa required[49]
ChileVisa not required[50]90 days
ChinaVisa not required[51]90 days
ColombiaVisa not required[52]180 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period
ComorosVisa on arrival[53]45 days
Republic of the CongoVisa required[54]
Democratic Republic of the CongoeVisa[55][56]7 days
Costa RicaVisa not required[57]90 days
Côte d'IvoireeVisa[58]3 months
CroatiaVisa not required[59]90 days
CubaeVisa/Tourist Card required[60][61]90 days
CyprusVisa not required[62]90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
Czech RepublicVisa not required[63]90 days
DenmarkVisa not required[64]90 days
DjiboutieVisa[65]31 days
DominicaVisa not required[66]21 days
Dominican RepublicVisa not required[67]90 days
EcuadorVisa not required[68]90 days
EgypteVisa/Visa on arrival[69][70]30 days
El SalvadorVisa not required[71]3 months
Equatorial GuineaeVisa[72][73]
EritreaVisa required[74]
EstoniaVisa not required[75]90 days
EswatiniVisa not required[76]30 days
EthiopiaeVisa[77]up to 90 days
FijieVisa[78][79]
FinlandVisa not required[80]90 days
FranceVisa not required[81]90 days
GaboneVisa[82]
GambiaVisa not required[83]90 days
GeorgiaVisa not required[84]365 days / 1 year
GermanyVisa not required[85]90 days
GhanaVisa required[86]
GreeceVisa not required[87]90 days
GrenadaVisa not required[88]3 months
GuatemalaVisa not required[89]90 days
GuineaeVisa[90]90 days
Guinea-BissaueVisa / Visa on arrival[91]90 days
GuyanaVisa required[92]
HaitiVisa not required[93]90 days
HondurasVisa not required[94]3 months
HungaryVisa not required[95]90 days
IcelandVisa not required[96]90 days
Indiae-Visa[97]60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 32 designated airports[Note 1] or 5 designated seaports.[Note 2][98]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[99]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[100]
Indonesiae-VOA/Visa on arrival[101][102][103]30 days
  • Select ports of entry.
IraneVisa/Visa on arrival[104][105]30 days
  • Passengers who have already made an application, at least two days before arrival, at the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affair's e-Visa website and present the submission notification at the airport's visa desk may obtain a visa on arrival.[106]
IraqeVisa[107]
IrelandVisa not required[108]90 days
IsraelElectronic Travel Authorization[109][110]3 months
ItalyFreedom of movement[111]
  • ID Card valid
  • Under bilateral agreement Sammarinese nationals have equal rights to EU nationals.[112][113][114]
JamaicaVisa not required[115]90 days
JapanVisa not required[116]90 days
JordaneVisa/Visa on arrival[117][118]
KazakhstanVisa not required[120]30 days
KenyaVisa not required[121]3 months
  • eTA issued free of charge, however an eTA application is still required.
KiribatiVisa required[122]
North KoreaVisa required[123]
South KoreaVisa not required[124]30 days
KuwaiteVisa / Visa on arrival[125]3 months
KyrgyzstanVisa not required[126]60 days
LaoseVisa / Visa on arrival[127][128]30 days
LatviaVisa not required[132]90 days
LebanonVisa on arrival[133]1 month
  • Extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge atBeirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
LesothoVisa not required[134]90 days
LiberiaVisa required[135]
LibyaeVisa[136][137]
LiechtensteinVisa not required[138]90 days
LithuaniaVisa not required[139]90 days
LuxembourgVisa not required[140]90 days
MadagascareVisa / Visa on arrival[141]90 days
MalawieVisa / Visa on arrival[142][143]90 days
MalaysiaVisa not required[144]3 months
MaldivesFree visa on arrival[145]30 days
MaliVisa required[146]
MaltaVisa not required[147]90 days
Marshall IslandsVisa required[148]
MauritaniaeVisa[149][150]
MauritiusVisa not required[151]90 days
MexicoVisa not required[152]180 days
MicronesiaVisa not required[153]30 days
MoldovaVisa not required[154]90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
MonacoVisa not required[155]
MongoliaeVisa[156][157]
MontenegroVisa not required[158]90 days
MoroccoVisa not required[159]90 days
MozambiqueeVisa/Visa on arrival[160][161]30 days
MyanmarVisa required[162]
NamibiaVisa required[163]
NauruVisa required[164]
  NepaleVisa/Visa on arrival[165][166]90 days
NetherlandsVisa not required[167]90 days
New ZealandElectronic Travel Authority[168]3 months
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[169]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to theTrans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[170] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[169]
NicaraguaVisa not required[171]90 days
NigerVisa required[172]
NigeriaeVisa[173][174]
North MacedoniaVisa not required[175]90 days
NorwayVisa not required[176]90 days
OmanVisa not required/eVisa[177]14 days / 30 days
  • Must present proof of a confirmed hotel reservation, health insurance, a return ticket, and proof of funds for the duration of the stay.[178]
PakistaneVisa[179]90 days
PalauFree visa on arrival[180]30 days
PanamaVisa not required[181]180 days
Papua New GuineaeVisitors[182]60 days
ParaguayVisa required[183]
PeruVisa not required[184]183 days
PhilippinesVisa not required[185]30 days
PolandVisa not required[186]90 days
PortugalVisa not required[187]90 days
QatarVisa not required[188]30 days
RomaniaVisa not required[189]90 days
RussiaeVisa[190]30 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive and departure via 29 checkpoints[191]
RwandaeVisa / Visa on arrival[192][193]30 days
Saint Kitts and NeviseVisa[194][195]
Saint LuciaVisa not required[196]6 weeks
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesVisa not required[197]1 month
SamoaVisa not required[198]60 days
São Tomé and PríncipeVisa not required[199]15 days[200][201]
Saudi ArabiaeVisa / Visa on arrival[202][203]90 days
SenegalVisa on arrival[204]
SerbiaVisa not required[205]90 days
SeychellesFree Visitor's Permit on arrival[206]3 months
Sierra LeoneeVisa[207][208]
SingaporeVisa not required[209]30 days
SlovakiaVisa not required[210]90 days
SloveniaVisa not required[211]90 days
Solomon IslandsFree Visitor's Permit on arrival[212]3 months
SomaliaeVisa[213][214]
South AfricaVisa not required[215]90 days
South SudaneVisa[216]
  • Obtainable online[217]
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[217]
SpainVisa not required[218]90 days
Sri LankaElectronic Travel Authorization[219][220]30 days
SudanVisa required[221]
SurinameeVisa[222]
SwedenVisa not required[223]90 days
 SwitzerlandVisa not required[224]90 days
SyriaeVisa[225]
TajikistanVisa not required[226]30 days
  • Visa also available online.[227]
TanzaniaeVisa / Visa on arrival[228][229]3 months
ThailandVisa not required[230]60 days
Timor-LesteVisa on arrival[231]30 days
TogoeVisa[232][233]15 days
TongaVisa required[234]
Trinidad and TobagoeVisa[235][236]
TunisiaVisa not required[237]3 months
TurkeyVisa not required[238]3 months
TurkmenistanVisa required[239]
TuvaluVisa on arrival[240]1 month
UgandaeVisa[241]
UkraineVisa not required[243]90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
United Arab EmiratesVisa not required[244]90 days
United KingdomElectronic Travel Authorisation[245][246]6 months
United StatesESTA90 days
  • On arrival from overseas;ESTA (valid for 2 years when issued) required if arriving by air or cruise ship.[247]
UruguayVisa not required[248]90 days
UzbekistanVisa not required[249]30 days
VanuatuVisa not required[250]30 days
Vatican CityVisa not required[251]
VenezuelaVisa not required[252]90 days
VietnameVisa[253]30 days
YemenVisa required[254]
ZambiaVisa not required[255]90 days
ZimbabweeVisa / Visa on arrival[256]3 months
  • 30 days for visits on business, 3 months for tourists

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

[edit]

Visa requirements for Sammarinese citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognised countries and restricted zones:

Unrecognized or partially recognized countries
TerritoryConditions of accessNotes
AbkhaziaVisa required[257]
Northern CyprusVisa not required[258]
KosovoVisa not required[259]90 days
PalestineVisa not required[260]Arrival by sea toGaza Strip not allowed.[261]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicUndefined visa regime in theWestern Sahara controlled territory.
SomalilandVisa on arrival30 days for 30US dollars, payable on arrival.[262][263]
South OssetiaVisa not required[264]Multiple entry visa toRussia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[265][266]
TaiwanVisa not required[267]
TransnistriaVisa not required[268]Registration required after 24h.[269][270]
Dependent and autonomous territories
TerritoryConditions of accessNotes
China
Hong KongVisa not required[271]90 days
MacauVisa not required[272]90 days
Denmark
Faroe IslandsVisa not required[273]90 days
GreenlandVisa not required[274]90 days
France
French GuianaVisa not required[275]90 days within 180 days
French PolynesiaVisa not required[276]90 days within 180 days
French West IndiesVisa not requiredVisa free for overseas departments ofGuadeloupe,Martinique,Saint Barthélemy andSaint Martin (90 days)[277]
MayotteVisa not required[278]90 days within 180 days
New CaledoniaVisa not required[279]90 days within 180 days
RéunionVisa not required[280]90 days within 180 days
Saint Pierre and MiquelonVisa not required[281]90 days within 180 days
Wallis and FutunaVisa not required[282]90 days within 180 days
Netherlands
ArubaVisa not required[283]90 days
NetherlandsCaribbean NetherlandsVisa not required[284]90 days. IncludesBonaire,Sint Eustatius andSaba.
CuraçaoVisa not required[285]3 months
Sint MaartenVisa not required[286]90 days
New Zealand
Cook IslandsVisa not required[287]31 days
NiueVisa not required[288]30 days
TokelauVisa required[289]
United Kingdom
Akrotiri and DhekeliaVisa not required[290]Stays longer than 28 days per 12-month period require a permit.[291]
AnguillaVisa not required[292]3 months
BermudaVisa not required[293]Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.
British Indian Ocean TerritorySpecial permit requiredSpecial permit required.[294]
British Virgin IslandsVisa not required[295]6 months
Cayman IslandsVisa not required[296]6 months
Falkland IslandsVisa required[297]
GibraltarVisa not required[298]6 months
GuernseyVisa not required[299]6 months
Isle of ManVisa not required[300]6 months
JerseyVisa not required[301]6 months
MontserratVisa not required[302]6 months
Pitcairn IslandsVisa not required14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[303][304][305]
Ascension IslandeVisa[306][307]

3 months within any year period

Saint HelenaeVisa[308]Up to 183 days, decided on arrival.
Tristan da CunhaPermission requiredPermission to land required for 15/30pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20pounds sterling forGough Island,Inaccessible Island orNightingale Islands.[309]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsPermit requiredPre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160pounds sterling).[310][311]
Turks and Caicos IslandsVisa not required[312]90 days
United States
American SamoaVisa not required[313]90 days
GuamESTA[314]90 days
Northern Mariana IslandsESTA[315]90 days
Puerto RicoESTA[316]90 days
U.S. Virgin IslandsESTA[317]90 days
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required forBouvet Island,British Antarctic Territory,French Southern and Antarctic Lands,Argentine Antarctica,AustraliaAustralian Antarctic Territory,Antártica Chilena ProvinceChilean Antarctic Territory,AustraliaHeard Island and McDonald Islands,NorwayPeter I Island,NorwayQueen Maud Land,New ZealandRoss Dependency.[318][319][320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328]

Non-visa restrictions

[edit]
This section istranscluded fromNon-visa travel restrictions.(edit |history)

Blank passport pages

[edit]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[329] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

[edit]
Main articles:Vaccination requirements for international travel,International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, andVaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

The African countries ofAngola,Benin,Burkina Faso,Burundi,Cameroon,Central African Republic,Chad,Democratic Republic of the Congo,Republic of the Congo,Côte d'Ivoire,Equatorial Guinea,Gabon,Gambia,Ghana,Guinea-Bissau,Kenya,Liberia,Mali,Mauritania,Niger,Rwanda,Senegal,Sierra Leone andTogo,South Sudan,Uganda, andZambia, requireall incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[330] to have a currentInternational Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory ofFrench Guiana.[331]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[332][333]

Passport validity length

[edit]

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[334][335] or even accept passports that have already expired (butnot been cancelled).[336]

Some countries, such as Japan,[337] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[338] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[339] Bhutan, Botswana,British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[340] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[341] Philippines,[342] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[343]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand.Similarly, theEEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, allEuropean Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[344] and South Africa.

Maximum passport age

[edit]

Countries of theSchengen area require non-EU passports to be less than 10 years old upon entry.[345] A number of holders of British passports, which until September 2018 could be issued with a validity period of up to 10 years and nine months if the previous passport was not expired, were unable to travel to the EU subsequent toBrexit due to this restriction.[346]

Criminal record

[edit]

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[347] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have acriminal record, while others impose restrictionsdepending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

[edit]

The government of a country can declare a diplomatpersona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreignerpersona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[348]

Israeli stamps

[edit]

Kuwait,[349] Lebanon,[350] Libya,[351] and Yemen[352] do not allow entry to people withpassport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent thisArab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports atBen Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped atErez when passing into and out ofGaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

[edit]
See also:Biometric identification by country

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, befingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than golandside.[353]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[354][355] Argentina,[356] Brunei, Cambodia,[357] China,[358] Ethiopia,[359] Ghana, Guinea,[360] India, Japan,[361][362] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[363] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[364] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[365] Singapore, South Korea,[366] Taiwan, Thailand,[367] Uganda,[368] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implementexit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[369][370][371] intends to implementfacial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[372]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition,iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by theInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use ine-passports[373] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[374][375] The United StatesDepartment of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[376] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[377][378]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Global Passport Ranking".
  2. ^"San Marino, Russia sign agreement to scrap visa requirements".
  3. ^Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  4. ^Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  5. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  6. ^Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  7. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  8. ^"Angola e-Visa".www.smevisa.gov.ao. Retrieved2024-12-09.
  9. ^Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
  10. ^Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina(in Spanish).
  11. ^Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  12. ^Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  13. ^Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  14. ^Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan(in Azerbaijani).
  15. ^"Azerbaijan eVisa".
  16. ^eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
  17. ^Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  18. ^"Bahrain Electronic Visa Service".www.evisa.gov.bh.
  19. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  20. ^Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
  21. ^"Statement of Belarus Foreign Ministry on visa-free travel to Belarus for the citizens of 35 European countries". Archived fromthe original on 2024-08-16. Retrieved2024-07-19.
  22. ^"Statement of Belarus Foreign Ministry on visa-free travel to Belarus for the citizens of 35 European countries". Archived fromthe original on 2024-08-16. Retrieved2024-07-19.
  23. ^"Statement of Belarus Foreign Ministry on visa-free travel to Belarus for the citizens of 35 European countries". Archived fromthe original on 2024-08-16. Retrieved2024-07-19.
  24. ^Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
  25. ^Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
  26. ^Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
  27. ^eVisa Benin
  28. ^Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
  29. ^"Bhutan Immigration Services Portal".immi.gov.bt. Retrieved2024-12-19.
  30. ^"Bhutan Travel".
  31. ^Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia(in Spanish).
  32. ^Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  33. ^Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
  34. ^Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
  35. ^Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
  36. ^Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
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  38. ^"e-Visa Applicant Web Portal".applicant.visaburkina.bf.
  39. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  40. ^"Page d'accueil - Commissariat General des Migrations".migration.gov.bi.
  41. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  42. ^"Kingdom of Cambodia - Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation". Archived fromthe original on 2014-07-28. Retrieved2014-07-23.
  43. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  44. ^"eVisa Cameroon - The official portal for visa applications to Cameroon".www.evisacam.com.
  45. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  46. ^canada.ca/eTA
  47. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  48. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  49. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  50. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  51. ^List of Agreements on Mutual Visa Exemption Between the People’s Republic of China and Foreign Countries, cs.mfa.gov.cn, 23 October 2025单方面免签政策常见问题解答 Frequently Asked Questions on Visa-free Entry into China, cs.mfa.gov.cn, 30 November 2024
  52. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  53. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  54. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  55. ^International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  353. ^Calder, Simon (24 April 2017)."Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers".The Independent.Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved7 July 2018.Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
  354. ^"How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports".Countryreports.org.
  355. ^Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011)."In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data".The New York Times.
  356. ^"Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived fromthe original on 2 December 2013.
  357. ^"Cambodia Foreign Entry Requirements".Us-passport-information.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2012.
  358. ^"China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors".Air Canada. 31 Jan 2019. Retrieved7 July 2018.Effective 27 April 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
  359. ^"Äthiopien: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise".Auswaertiges-amt.de.
  360. ^"Visa".paf.gov.gn.
  361. ^"Japan fingerprints foreigners as anti-terror move".Reuters. 20 November 2016. Retrieved3 March 2017.
  362. ^"Anger as Japan moves to fingerprint foreigners - World".Theage.com.au. 2007-10-26.
  363. ^"Immigration & Visas FAQs".Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved6 May 2019.Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
  364. ^"Malaysia".CountryReports. Retrieved7 July 2018.
  365. ^"Saudi Arabia mandates fingerprints and biometrics for foreigners - SecureIDNews".secureidnews.com. Retrieved3 March 2017.
  366. ^"S Korea to scan fingerprints of suspicious foreign visitors - People's Daily Online".peopledaily.com.cn. Retrieved3 March 2017.
  367. ^"National News Bureau of Thailand".
  368. ^AfricaNews (2019-01-14)."Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport".Africanews. Retrieved2019-04-24.
  369. ^Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016)."Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process".Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved25 April 2019.While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  370. ^Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013)."U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border".The New York Times. Retrieved25 April 2019.Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  371. ^Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006)."Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave".The New York Times. Retrieved25 April 2019.Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  372. ^Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019)."The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country".Quartz. Retrieved2019-04-24.
  373. ^"ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition"(PDF). 2015. Retrieved23 April 2019.
  374. ^"Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport".Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  375. ^"Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE".SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved7 July 2018.The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
  376. ^Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016)."Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders".Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved24 April 2019.Unlike with documents, it's very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That's why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else's passport.
  377. ^"Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints".Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved24 April 2019.Singapore has started scanning travellers' eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
  378. ^Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018)."5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved24 April 2019.The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^
  2. ^
  3. ^
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
  4. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
  5. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
  6. ^
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Khamsavath -Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
Visa policy by country
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Historical

1British Overseas Territories.2 These countries span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia.3 Partially recognized.4Unincorporated territory of the United States.5 Part of the Kingdom of Denmark.6Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia.7 Unrecognized state.

Visa requirements by citizenship
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Other

1British Overseas Territories.2Azerbaijan,Georgia,Turkey,Kazakhstan,Russia and the partially recognised republics ofAbkhazia andSouth Ossetia each span the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia.3Cyprus,Armenia, and the partially recognised republic ofNorthern Cyprus are entirely in Western Asia but have socio-political connections with Europe.4Egypt spans the boundary between Africa and Asia.5 Partially recognized.

Immigration law
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