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v t e

Thevisa policy of Russia deals with the requirements of foreign nationals to enter Russia.

Russia has agreements with many countries whose citizens are exempt fromvisas, although an Electronic Travel Authorization with aQR code from theGosuslugimobile app is required in these cases. If a visa is required, depending on country of origin, some people may obtain anelectronic visa (e-Visa); while others must apply for a visa at adiplomatic mission of Russia or visa center. A holder of a visa to enter Belarus may also enter Russia with such visa; however, this policy does not apply to Belarusian e-visas.

Despiteinternational sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia continues to issue visas to citizens of all countries. Depending on country of origin, at any border crossing, foreigners may be questioned, have theirbiometrics taken, includingfingerprints and photos, and are subject to search of baggage and mobile phone content, includingcontact lists, correspondence, and posts onsocial media. Officers focus on contact with Ukrainians, and any opinions on politics and theRussian invasion of Ukraine.^[1]

Types of visas available for issuance include private, business, tourist, educational, working, transit, humanitarian, service, and diplomatic. The length and terms of visas depend on the nationality of the recipient and other personal circumstances. Long term tourist visas are available to citizens of the United States (3-year visa, 6 months per visit with an unlimited number of visits) and the European Union (5-year visa).

The Russianvisa is amachine-readable document, that is stickered to a page in the holder'spassport. All fields are indicated in both Russian and English, but are filled out only in Russian. The holder's name appears in theCyrillic alphabets. However, since Cyrillic letters cannot be used in the machine-readable passport (only theLatin letters A–Z and theArabic numerals 0–9 can be used), Russia has aone-to-one correspondence for the Cyrillic letters and the Latin letters, but sinceRussian alphabet has 33 Cyrillic letters, 26 Latin letters are not sufficient, thus Russia also uses some Arabic numerals for the Cyrillic letters.^[2][3]

To apply for a visa, a passport, a passport photo, a tourist invitation letter (can be purchased online), and a completed application form printed onA4 paper are required.^[4]

Russia has 380 border checkpoints.^[5] Transporting any amount of currency of countries in theEuropean Union (EU), includingEuros, directly to Russia from EU countries such as Estonia and Latvia is prohibited by the EU.

Crimea is underde facto Russian control and the visa policy of Russia applies for travel to Crimea.Donetsk,Kharkiv,Kherson,Luhansk, andZaporizhzhia are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, and, although they are at least partially or sometimes controlled by Russia, thevisa policy of Ukraine applies to travel to these regions.

Citizens of the following 64 countries and territories may obtain an e-Visa,^[6] which allows entry for up to 30 days until 120 days after issuance.^[7]

Citizens of the 18 countries^{[Note 1]} could apply an e-Visa to visit to regions in theFar Eastern Federal District.^[10]

Citizens of 54 countries could apply for single-entry business, humanitarian and tourist visas to visit the Kaliningrad region.^[11]

Holders of ordinary passports of the following countries and territories may enter Russia without a visa for the time periods specified below.^[12][13][14]

Citizens who are exempt from obtaining a visa must obtain an Electronic Travel Authorization with aQR code from theGosuslugimobile app.^[15]

Resetting the allowed period by leaving and re-entering the country is prohibited.

Foreign citizens from visa-exempt countries may only stay 90 days within any 1 calendar year period, unless otherwise stipulated by an international agreement or Russian legislation.^[16]

_{ID - May enter with a national ID card in lieu of a passport.
ID^KZ - May enter with a national ID card in lieu of a passport if arriving directly from Kazakhstan.
IP - May enter with an internal passport.
1 - 90 days within any 180-day period.
2 - 90 days within any 365-day period.
3 - 90 days within any 1 calendar year period.
4 - 90 days within any 1 year period.
5 - 60 days within any 180-day period.
6 - 30 days within any 60-day period.}

Entry and exitpassport stamps issued at theGreat Port of Saint Petersburg

The following partnerships provide for special entry rules to citizens of certain countries:

• Union State of Russia and Belarus (citizens of Belarus)
• Single Economic Space of the Eurasian Economic Union (citizens of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan)
• Mobility rights arrangements of the Commonwealth of Independent States (citizens of present and former countries of theCommonwealth of Independent States, including Ukraine and Georgia, but not Turkmenistan)

Holders of a valid visa or residence permit of either Belarus or Russia and a mutually recognizedidentity document may enter both countries, within the validity of the visa; however, this policy does not apply to e-visas.^[69][70] In cases where one country has a visa-free regime and the other requires a visa, the person must hold both the ID document and a visa for the latter.^[70]

Foreign nationals with temporarypermanent residency or a document for attending an international event have the right to enter, exit, stay, and transit without a visa within the validity of their documents.^[70]

Stay duration is calculated from entry into one country from a third state.^[70]

The common visa does not apply to individuals restricted from entering either country.^[70] Officials retain the right to deny entry or reduce the duration of stay for any foreign national or stateless person, as well as to check compliance with entry, exit, transit, or stay regulations.^[70]

Crossing between Belarus and Russia via land is allowedonly at the following 6 international border crossing points:

• Yukhovichi –Dolossy (Opochka –Novopolotsk)
• Yezeryshche –Nevel (Kyiv –St. Petersburg)
• Lyozno –Kruglovka (Vitebsk –Smolensk)
• Redki –Krasnaya Gorka (Minsk –Moscow)
• Zvenchatka –Dubovichka (Bobruisk –Moscow)
• Selishche –Novozybkov (Gomel –Bryansk)

International tourists entering by regular ferry via several ports are able to stay in Russia visa-free for up to 72 hours, provided that they spend the night on-board or in accommodation specifically approved by the travel agency.^[71]

In addition, tourists entering by tourist cruise ships can leave the ship visa-free on tours organized by any authorized local tour company, when entering Russia through the ports ofAnadyr,Kaliningrad,Korsakov,Novorossiysk,Murmansk,Sevastopol,Sochi,Saint Petersburg (Great Port of Saint Petersburg andPassenger Port of St. Petersburg),Vladivostok,Vyborg,Zarubino.^[72][73]

•  United States - Residents ofAlaska who are members of the indigenous population do not require a visa to visitChukotka Autonomous Okrug if they have relatives (blood relatives, members of the same tribe, native people who have similar language and cultural heritage) in Chukotka. Individuals must be invited by a relative in Chukotka and must leave Chukotka within 90 days. Entry points are inAnadyr,Provideniya,Lavrentiya andUelen.^[74] The agreement was signed betweenUSSR and United States on 23 September 1989 but came into force on 17 July 2015 after ratification by the United States.^[75]

•  Latvia - Residents of the border areas of Latvia who have a permit for local border traffic can visit the border areas of Russia without a visa.^[76][77][78]

Residents of the border areas of Kazakhstan who visit the territory of the border areas of Russia up to three days can enter Russia through checkpoints, which are specially installed for residents of border areas.^[79][80][81]

•  Norway - 15 days for holders of border traffic permit^[82]

Residents of the border areas of Norway who have a permit for local border traffic can visit the border areas of Russia without a visa. From 4 March 2017, the Protocol on amendments to the current agreement entered into force – residents ofarea of Neiden received the right to receive a permit for local border traffic.^[83][84]

•  Poland - 30 days, for a maximum total stay of 90 days within a 180-day period for holders of border traffic permit^[85][86]

From 27 July 2012, residents of the border areas of Poland who have a permit for local border traffic can visitKaliningrad Oblast without a visa. The agreement has been suspended for an indefinite period by Poland from 4 July 2016.^[87]

Visa is not required for crew members of airlines, sea crew, river crew, rail crew that have a bilateral agreement with the Russian government exempting crew members from visa requirements.^[88]

Citizens of following countries may visit Russia without a visa if they are travelling as part of theairline crew:Afghanistan,Algeria,Austria,^[89]Belgium,^[90]Bulgaria,^[91]Canada,^[92]China,^[93] Croatia,^[94]Cyprus,^[95]Czech Republic,^[96]Denmark,^[97]Egypt,Ethiopia,^[98]Finland,^[99]France,^[100]Germany,Greece,^[101]Iceland,^[102]India,^[103]Iraq,Italy,^[104]Japan,Jordan,^[105]Latvia,^[106]Lebanon,Libya,Lithuania,Luxembourg,^[107]Malta,Netherlands,^[108]North Korea,North Macedonia,Norway,^[109]Oman,^[110]Poland,^[111]Portugal,^[112]Qatar,Romania,Singapore,Spain,^[113]Sri Lanka,^[114]Sweden,^[115]Switzerland,Turkmenistan,^[116]United Arab Emirates,United Kingdom,Vietnam.^[117]

Russian Government has instructed the Foreign Ministry to sign an agreement with Georgia,^[118] and Tunisia.^[119]

Citizens of following countries may visit Russia without a visa if they are travelling as part of thesea crew: Bulgaria,^[91]China,^1[93]Croatia,^[94]Cyprus,^[95]DR Congo,Egypt,France,^[100]Iran,^[120]Iraq,Lithuania,^[121]North Korea,Poland,^[111]Tunisia,^[122]Turkey
Turkmenistan,^[121][123]Vietnam.^[117]

Citizens of following countries may visit Russia without a visa if they are travelling as part of therailway crew:China,^[93] North Korea,Turkmenistan.^[124]

Direct airside transit

Passengers travelling through international airports do not need a visa for a transit of less than 24 hours in most circumstances,^[125] provided a confirmed onward ticket is held and the traveller remains in the international transit area (without clearing regular passport control).

The following international Russian airports do not have international transit areas, meaning a transit visa is required to transfer planes:

In accordance with a treaty between Russia andFinland, though there are passport controls at borders, a visa is not required for just passing through the Russian part of theSaimaa canal without leaving the vessel.^[126]

The road fromVärska toUlitina inEstonia, traditionally the only road to the Ulitina area, goes through Russian territory for one kilometre (0.6 mi) of its length, an area calledSaatse Boot. This road has no border control, but there is no connection to any other road in Russia. It is not permitted to stop or walk along the road. This area is a part ofRussia but is also a de facto part of the Schengen area.^[127]

Under reciprocal agreements, holders of diplomatic or various categories of service passports (consular, official, service, special) of the following countries and territories may enter and remain in Russia without a visa for the following period:^[13]

_{C - Consular passports
D - Diplomatic passports
O - Official passports
S - Service passports
Sp - Special passports}

_{1 – 90 days within any 365-day period.
2 – 90 days within any 180-day period.
3 - With the right of multiple entry and exit.
4 - Applies only to employees of official institutions operating in the territory of a contracting parties and their families.}

Currently, visa exemption for holders of diplomatic passports ofEuropean Union member states,Iceland,Liechtenstein,Norway andSwitzerland have been suspended.^[128]

Among citizens of countries whose citizens do not normally require a visa, holders of diplomatic or service passports ofIsrael require a visa.^[129]

Russia has signed visa exemption agreements with the following countries, but they have not yet entered into force:

Country	Passports	Days
Micronesia[130]	All	30 days
Oman[131]	Ordinary	30 days, for a maximum total stay of 90 days within any 1 calendar year period
San Marino[132]	All	90 days within any 180-day period

Russia is considering visa exemption agreements or visa policy improvements for the following countries:

•  China - 21 days for tourist groups from 3 to 50 persons (as of June 2019)^[133]
•  Côte d'Ivoire - 90 days for diplomatic and service passports (as of October 2020)^[134]
•  Eritrea - 90 days within any 180 day-period for diplomatic and service passports (as of August 2019)^[135]
•  Ghana - 90 days within any 180 day-period for diplomatic and service passports (as of October 2019)^[136]
•  Lebanon - 90 days within any 180 day-period for diplomatic, service and special passports (as of July 2020)^[137]
•  Mauritania - 90 days within any 180 day-period for diplomatic and service passports (as of February 2025)^[138]
•  Saint Lucia - 90 days within any 180 day-period for all passports (as of January 2020)^[139]

In addition, Russia is currently in talks with Gulf countries as well as other countries to establish visa exemption agreements.^[140]

_{A - 30 days for all passports
B - 30 days for ordinary passports
TG - For tourist groups}

Holders ofAPEC Business Travel Cards as well as passports issued by full members of APEC (listed below) may enter Russia without a visa for business trips for up to 90 days within any 180-day period.^[144][145]

ABTCs are issued to citizens of:^[146]

In accordance with the Government Decree of 1992, special authorization is required to enter 19closed cities in Russia.^[147] This restriction does not apply to Russian citizens.

A full list of such areas:

• 1. Part ofKamchatka Krai.
• 2.abolished
• 3. Part ofPrimorsky Krai.
• 4. Part ofKrasnoyarsk Krai.
• 5. Part ofOrenburg Oblast.
• 6. Part ofNizhny Novgorod Oblast.
• 7. Part ofThe Republic of Mordovia.
• 8. Parts ofMurmansk Oblast andthe Republic of Karelia. Transit to/from Norway is possible by main road.
• 9. Parts ofArkhangelsk Oblast (include South part ofNovaya Zemlya island) and theKomi Republic.
• 10. Parts ofSverdlovsk Oblast.
• 11. Parts ofChelyabinsk Oblast.
• 12. InLeningrad Oblast – all Russian islands ofGulf of Finland, exceptGogland, and 20 kilometres (12 mi) strip along south coast of the Gulf of Finland.
• 13. Parts ofMoscow Oblast.
• 14. Part ofKaliningrad Oblast, approx. 15%.
• 15. Part ofVolgograd Oblast.
• 16. Part ofAstrakhan Oblast.
• 17.Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, all except Bilibino region.
• 18. Part ofYamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
• 19.The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, 45% of territory. Transit to border with Georgia and to border with South Ossetia are possible along the main roads.Tsey Gorge was opened for foreigners from 2012.

Russia's visa and other migration policies (incl. healthcare and conditions of family members) are also implemented in accordance with themobility rights arrangements within the Commonwealth of Independent States and the rules of thesingle market of the Eurasian Economic Union.

Changes and tightening of Russian legislation in the sphere of migration do not apply to those who have Russian citizenship through international agreements on dual citizenship, and to citizens of the EAEU countries. For citizens of the EAEU, the rules of the EAEU apply.^[148][149]

On 29 November 2024, theCommonwealth of Independent States adopted an updated Concept for the phased formation of acommon labor market (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) and migration regulation.^{[150][151][152][153]}

The Russian government issues general tourist visas for up to 6 months to 19 countries based on hotel reservations or other accommodation reservation confirmations. This list includes information on hotels, ski resorts, and beaches.^[154]

Russia requires that an alien who needs a visa on entry be in possession of a valid visa upon exit.

To satisfy this formal requirement, exit visas sometimes need to be issued. Russia requires an exit visa if a visitor stays well past the expiration date of their visa. They must then extend their visa or apply for an exit visa and are not allowed to leave the country until they show a valid visa or have a permissible excuse for overstaying their visa (e.g., a note from a doctor or a hospital explaining an illness, missed flight, lost or stolen visa). In some cases, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs can issue a Return-Home certificate that is valid for 10 days from the embassy of the visitor's native country, thus eliminating the need for an exit visa.^{[155][156][157]}

A foreign citizen granted a temporary residence permit in Russia needs a temporary resident visa to take a trip abroad (valid for both exit and return). It is also colloquially called anexit visa.

Visitor statistics

According to theBorder Service of the Federal Security Service and theFederal State Statistics Service, most visitors arriving to Russia were from the following countries of nationality:^[158][159]

Total visitors by year

2019	32,866,265
2018	32,550,677
2017	32,035,443
2016	31,466,538
2015	33,729,187
2014	32,421,490
2013	30,792,091
2012	28,176,502
2011	24,932,061
2010	22,281,217
2009	21,338,650
2008	23,676,140
2007	22,908,625

Visitor statistics 2024-2021

Country	2024	2023	2022	2021
Kazakhstan	3,407,706	3,163,214
Uzbekistan	3,360,423	3,109,445
Tajikistan	1,701,543	2,153,956
China	1,695,873	794,387
Kyrgyzstan	1,195,392	1,140,239
Abkhazia	718,101	764,766
Armenia	621,015	616,659
Azerbaijan	533,020	476,743
Belarus	519,591	414,677
Mongolia	367,451	311,479

Visitor statistics 2020-2016

Nationality	Total (includes all types of purposes of visits)
	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016
Ukraine	3,648,972	8,646,295	9,177,272	9,817,008	9,737,405
Kazakhstan	1,426,727	4,324,856	4,241,244	4,137,613	4,686,059
Uzbekistan	720,041	2,588,922	2,354,642	2,350,007	2,116,480
Abkhazia	414,927	600,399	492,310	436,368	415,606
Tajikistan	401,888	1,557,148	1,340,975	1,350,356	1,293,270
Kyrgyzstan	299,611	959,130	859,735	836,946	792,042
Azerbaijan	269,807	1,175,045	1,145,327	1,143,243	1,156,703
Armenia	209,812	816,454	825,200	857,212	833,577
Finland	180,110	938,693	994,098	1,063,348	1,376,646
Belarus	176,601	440,438	403,597	382,022	320,372
China	155,594	2,257,039	2,030,319	1,780,200	1,565,524
Moldova	154,766	614,043	698,027	803,916	699,112
Philippines	133,414	193,031	179,672	172,278	160,734
Poland	133,014	680,382	728,546	765,544	1,056,013
Turkey	132,372	187,612	196,061	181,285	120,035
Estonia	105,584	540,062	496,582	432,803	433,926
Latvia	93,865	365,783	355,641	330,266	360,603
Stateless persons	74,215	303,851	327,613	318,393	321,383
South Ossetia	70,470	147,355	143,501	137,427	115,382
Germany	69,456	744,473	701,576	629,082	613,370
Lithuania	57,883	253,950	243,190	256,009	281,168
Mongolia	56,625	394,994	401,485	416,293	542,196
Georgia	56,266	120,086	123,732	117,204	65,378
India	46,025	180,567	159,865	130,400	108,498
South Korea	42,297	453,796	386,413	276,560	181,024
France	38,391	249,410	236,583	211,673	201,260
Israel	32,402	260,472	228,530	185,426	182,438
Italy	28,432	251,751	225,776	206,860	208,689
Serbia	26,731	84,852	96,730	87,899	79,575
United Kingdom	22,471	194,956	216,029	193,522	190,278
Turkmenistan	21,680	92,616	82,675	65,749	56,258
Vietnam	19,477	90,565	84,612	77,391	66,939
United States	19,306	300,933	337,395	293,011	248,990
Japan	16,048	127,696	119,240	114,207	95,675
Netherlands	14,663	84,651	80,540	73,729	68,017
Egypt	13,481	28,039	39,402
Iran	12,725	54,469	61,007	91,862	75,203
Thailand	12,183	72,031	64,898	52,697	32,222
Greece	11,732	44,784	42,967	41,205	46,730
Bulgaria	10,255	41,083	40,836	39,191	41,290
Austria	9,977	67,429	64,500	59,501	56,663
Czech Republic	9,874	57,835	53,739	49,232	47,288
Indonesia	9,671	40,284	31,695	25,425	20,211
Spain	9,565	140,181	123,652	118,642	116,032
Romania	9,335	32,779	29,920	26,330	23,684
Norway	8,506	52,022	51,003	53,197	46,631
Sweden	8,308	43,198	55,329	32,095	39,153
Belgium	7,534	42,473	48,270	38,868	37,492
Croatia	7,480	19,243	36,045
Switzerland	7,407	55,747	59,828	53,167	52,656
Cuba	6,631	29,169	27,882	30,711	26,667
Hungary	5,680	35,541	32,998	25,659	25,313
Denmark	5,016	24,662	31,308
Total	n/a	32,866,265	32,550,677	32,035,443	31,466,538

Visitor statistics 2015-2010

Nationality	Total (includes all types of purposes of visits)
	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010
Ukraine	10,314,757	9,842,990	7,080,991	6,502,543	6,072,775	4,198,030
Kazakhstan	5,180,246	4,215,161	3,848,899	3,630,342	3,049,406	2,747,358
Uzbekistan	2,163,256	2,353,140	2,967444	2,677,322	2,086,359	1,584,086
Poland	1,766,612	1,823,143	1,644,657	1,190,003	704,610	394,872
Finland	1,476,412	1,446,169	1,388,036	1,375,614	1,211,520	1,012,621
China	1,353,051	1,125,098	1,071,515	978,988	845,588	747,640
Tajikistan	1,200,972	1,202,260	1,348,868	1,134,150	955,455	830,160
Azerbaijan	1,071,324	1,021,204	1,196,759	1,116,238	1,045,525	979,778
Armenia	850,137	794,098	882,864	700,332	550,349	459,040
Kyrgyzstan	842,396	725,664	763,418	623,970	592,960	552,909
Moldova	770,965	923,625	1,374,690	1,194,291	1,073,637	988,084
Germany	595,200	635,153	686,557	671,676	629,391	611,367
Mongolia	505,429	225,972	226,673	365,236	212,117	157,367
Belarus	424,531	495,999	418,207	372,942	267,233	259,191
Abkhazia	422,130	362,811	293,429	273,964	202,440	52,289
Estonia	382,031	363,942	430,164	494,282	519,402	474,949
Latvia	348,338	374,701	391,304	461,162	571,374	569,300
Stateless persons	326,841	349,400	463,640	523,333	618,705	679,757
Turkey	323,039	361,416	385,147	305,429	249,109	196,704
Lithuania	270,600	487,206	539,308	553,896	622,740	760,728
United States	242,104	257,070	305,954	286,551	275,239	262,060
Italy	204,710	219,976	225,933	212,411	207,476	198,002
France	191,643	219,210	225,860	225,343	213,473	194,248
United Kingdom	190,775	228,346	259,676	231,670	221,418	212,847
Israel	165,003	152,853	136,827	123,974	114,380	100,291
Philippines	163,010	162,990	149,213	130,541	99,405	81,385
South Korea	153,189	135,676	107,942	94,922	91,335	90,622
South Ossetia	125,444	117,283	94,159	73,863	47,739	33,409
Spain	110,247	100,206	109,089	101,536	129,730	110,601
India	95,527	94,259	95,542	80,127	60,191	53,364
Japan	93,550	105,220	102,408	86,806	76,204	78,188
Serbia	79,406	87,048	107,601	70,371	57,177	47,939
Georgia	69,095	58,264	48,440	35,511	30,415	24,568
Netherlands	63,469	80,543	86,402	81,212	87,549	80,720
Vietnam	60,882	75,840	81,073	62,961	53,529	50,823
Austria	57,242	67,392	74,277	71,863	70,388	67,606
Turkmenistan	51,170	47,002	40,238	43,720	39,579	35,017
Norway	49,535	57,423	54,433	50,115	48,614	45,340
Iran.	46,760	29,743	20,657	23,085	21,575	20,576
Czech Republic	46,432	68,875	76,530	62,980	46,776	40,565
Switzerland	46,200	50,838	54,898	52,852	47,978	44,964
Canada	43,663	53,370	61,234	54,730	52,238	48,559
Greece	41,210	46,450	48,280	36,474	33,569	33,396
Sweden	40,424	49,908	53,340	58,900	60,840	54,253
Australia	39,613	46,072	46,861	43,105	34,868	30,583
Bulgaria	37,035	42,230	47,154	45,312	42,031	38,446
Brazil	35,531	33,301	37,386	33,647	29,840	21,950
Belgium	33,714	37,441	40,316	37,025	36,430	33,571
Thailand	29,482	25,585	23,919	19,375	17,023	15,192
Romania	25,970	28,391	30,886	24,792	21,993	17,884
Hungary	24,849	28,421	27,155	23,047	23,241	20,736
Mexico	22,922	18,223	21,527	16,431	16,759	13,767
North Korea	20,893	23,902	23,604	22,071	18,901	21,167
Slovakia	19,876	24,962	27,554	24,161	20,445	18,512
Indonesia	18,100	20,330	21,088	18,572	18,313	14,448
Argentina	17,322	13,614	15,944	13,976	12,316	9,044
Portugal	15,475	15,181	14,952	15,398	15,814	18,434
Cuba	12,349	11,609	9,625	5,293	4,099	4,053
Total	33,729,187	32,421,490	30,792,091	28,176,502	24,932,016	22,281,217