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Thevisa policy of Ireland is set by theGovernment of Ireland and determines visa requirements for foreign citizens. If someone other than aEuropean Union,EFTA orCommon Travel Area citizen seeks entry to Ireland, they must be anational of a visa-exempt country or have a valid Irishvisa issued by one of theIrish diplomatic missions around the world.
Although Ireland is a member of the European Union, it is not part of theSchengen Area and therefore sets its own visa policy. Ireland also operates theCommon Travel Area with theUnited Kingdom, theChannel Islands and theIsle of Man which specifiesopen borders between the countries and territories. Established in 1923, it permits British and Irish citizensfreedom of movement around the Common Travel Area and to cross its borders with minimal or no identity documents.[1][2]
The visa policy of Ireland is similar to thevisa policy of the Schengen Area. It grants visa-free entry to all Schengen Annex II nationalities, except forAlbania,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Colombia,Dominica,Georgia,Honduras,Kosovo,Marshall Islands,Mauritius,Micronesia,Moldova,Montenegro,North Macedonia,Palau,Peru,Serbia,Timor-Leste,Trinidad and Tobago, andVenezuela. Ireland also grants visa-free entry to some additional countries –Belize,Fiji,Guyana, andMaldives.
Ireland's visa policy has been amended since its inception through primary legislation andstatutory instruments. The Aliens Act of 1935 confers the power of deportation and the power of immigration control to the Minister for Justice of theIrish Free State. On 12 April 1935, the Irish Free State exempted citizens of theUnited Kingdom,Canada,Commonwealth of Australia,Dominion of New Zealand,Union of South Africa,Dominion of Newfoundland andBritish India from the Aliens Act and therefore did not recognise those citizens as aliens.[3] The 1946 Aliens Order required all aliens to present a passport to an immigration control officer for inspection within 24 hours if not arriving from Great Britain or Northern Ireland. The maximum stay for aliens was one month.
During the 1940s and 1950s, Ireland had concluded bilateral visa exemption agreements with countries of Western Europe.
In 1962, Ireland changed the definition of alien and now included those countries named above, with the exception of those born in Great Britain or Northern Ireland.[4] The 1962 Aliens Amendment Order exempted citizens ofAustria,Belgium,Denmark,Finland,France,West Germany,Greece,Iceland,Italy,Liechtenstein,Luxembourg,Monaco, theNetherlands,Norway,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Portugal,Tunisia,Turkey and theUnited States from visas for three months. It also gave special provisions to citizens of theBritish Commonwealth,[a] whereby they were exempted by the Aliens Order of 1946, although they might be refused leave to land unless they complied with certain conditions. A 1966 amendment gave rights of admission to those states of the British Commonwealth, which was later revoked in 1972. In 1972, aliens were required to seek work permits from the Minister for Labour to work in the state. In 1975, Ireland published its first list of visa-exempt nationalities and also removed the special provisions from Commonwealth citizens under Irish law.[5] In 1999 there was the first development of a comprehensive list of countries which required visas.[6]
On 29 March 1988, the first Irish transit visa requirement was announced forIran. Requirements for transit visas were announced forPoland,Bulgaria andSri Lanka on 26 February 1988, forMoldova (3 February 1993),Cuba (1 November 1994),Iraq (19 July 1996). On 8 October 1996, Irish transit visa requirements were extended and included the countries currently listed as of January 2018, with the addition ofNigeria, theFederal Republic of Yugoslavia andZaire.[7]Zimbabwe was added on 8 November 2002, as wereGeorgia andUkraine (9 June 2017).
In terms of visa exemptions,Lithuania,Latvia andEstonia were exempted on 30 April 1996, followed byHong Kong (25 June 1997),Brunei (17 February 1997),Croatia (26 January 1999). On 13 February 2001,Ireland exempted the following countries:Antigua and Barbuda,Belize,Bolivia,Dominica,Fiji,Gambia,Guyana,Kiribati,Maldives,Mauritius,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Saint Lucia,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Seychelles,Solomon Islands,Tuvalu,Vanuatu.Macau was exempted on 27 April 2002,Slovakia (18 December 2003),Bulgaria andRomania (18 December 2006),Taiwan (1 July 2009),United Arab Emirates (31 January 2018) andUkraine (25 February 2022).
In terms of countries removed from the list of visa-free nationalities,Sierra Leone was removed on 4 October 1994, andKenya was removed on 15 March 1996. On 3 April 1996,Fiji,Guyana,Mauritius (all three later restored),Tanzania andZambia were removed, followed byEcuador (29 August 1997) andSlovakia (14 October 1998, later restored).[8][9][10]Bangladesh,Ghana,India,Nigeria andPakistan (1 January 1988);Turkey (19 November 1989);Uganda (12 August 1993);Bolivia (later restored),Colombia,Peru andTunisia (1 April 1990) were all removed, as wereGambia (June 2001),Jamaica (18 December 2003),Mauritius (1 January 2010),Venezuela (29 April 2014) andMalawi (12 November 2015).
In response to theCOVID-19 pandemic, visa-free travel fromArgentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Chile,Guyana,Paraguay,South Africa andUruguay was suspended from 28 January to 16 June 2021,[11][12] and visa-free travel fromBotswana,Eswatini,Lesotho andSouth Africa was suspended from 27 November to 22 December 2021.[13][14]
Bolivia was removed from the list of visa-free nationalities on 12 September 2023;[15]Dominica,Honduras andVanuatu were removed on 7 March 2024,[16] followed byBotswana andSouth Africa on 10 July 2024.[17]Eswatini,Lesotho andNauru were removed on 10 March 2025.[18]Trinidad and Tobago was removed on 12 May 2025.[19]
Citizens of the following countries and territories can enter Irelandwithout a visa:[20][21]
British citizens under theCommon Travel Area arrangement[22][Note 1]
AllEuropean Union citizens[Note 2]
Citizens ofEFTA member states[Note 2]The following persons do not require an entry visa and are granted permission to enter for three months when they arrive in Ireland:[23]
British Overseas Territories citizensBritish National (Overseas)British Overseas citizens| Date of visa changes |
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Cancelled:
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The Irish short stay visa waiver programme was introduced in July 2011 and allows citizens of the countries below to enter Ireland if they are holders of a valid UK 'C' visa (short stay visa), have cleared immigration in the United Kingdom and have been granted leave for up to 180 days in the UK. They can enter Ireland visa-free for up to 90 days or until the end of their current permission to remain in the UK, whichever is shorter. They may enter Ireland from a country other than the UK as long as both their visa and their permission to remain in the UK have not expired. The scheme is not applicable to those who travel to the UK without a visa, are "visitors in transit", "visitors seeking to enter for the purpose of marriage or to enter a civil partnership", or long term visitors.[64][65]
The scheme was initially set to run until 31 October 2012 but was later extended to 31 October 2016, then to 31 October 2021,[66] then again to 31 October 2026.[67]
Citizens of the above countries who hold a UK or Schengen long-term visa or residence permit still need to apply for an Irish visa, but will have the application fee waived.
Ireland and the United Kingdom have agreed on a jointBritish-Irish Visa Scheme (BIVS) in 2014. Under the agreement between Ireland and United Kingdom, citizens of the following countries who hold a valid UK visa endorsed with BIVS and who have cleared immigration in the United Kingdom can visit Ireland visa-free for up to 90 days (or until their current permission to enter/remain in the UK, whichever is shorter).
Similar to those eligible under the Visa Waiver Programme, they may enter Ireland from a country other than the UK as long as both their visa and their permission to remain in the UK have not expired.[68]
Holders of diplomatic passports, as well as holders of official, service, special and public affairs passports travelling with a government minister on an official visit, of the following countries, may enter without a visa:[16][17]
A traveller who does not qualify for one of the visa exemptions above is required to apply for an Irish visa in advance at an Irish embassy or consulate.
A single entry visa costs €60, whilst a multiple entry visa costs €100. However, spouses and certain family members of EEA and Swiss citizens are issued Irish visas free of charge.[69]
In addition, visa applicants who are the nationals of following countries and territories are exempt from paying a fee:[70]
All visa applicants aged 6 years and over, residing in China, Hong Kong, India, Nigeria, or Pakistan (irrespective of nationality) are required to submit theirfingerprints as part of the visa application process.[71]
Current visa types are:[72]
In general, a passenger who transits through an Irish airport to a destination in another country while remaining within the airport does not require a visa. However, citizens of the following countries are required to apply for a transit visa in advance at a cost of €25:[73]
Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 recognises the right ofcitizens of the Union and their family members tomove and reside freely within the territory of the Member States[74][75][76]and defines the right of free movement for citizens of theEuropean Economic Area (EEA), which includes theEuropean Union (EU) and the threeEuropean Free Trade Association (EFTA) membersIceland,Norway andLiechtenstein.Switzerland, which is a member of EFTA but not of the EEA, is not bound by the Directive but rather has a separatebilateral agreement on the free movement with the EU.
Citizens of allEuropean Economic Area (EEA) member states andSwitzerland holding a valid passport ornational identity card enjoy freedom of movement rights in each other's territory and can enter and reside in the each other's territory without a visa.
If EU, EEA and Swiss nationals are unable to present a valid passport or national identity card at the border, they must nonetheless be afforded every reasonable opportunity to obtain the necessary documents or have them brought to them within a reasonable period of time or corroborate or prove by other means that he/she is covered by the right of free movement.[77][78]
However, EU, EEA member states and Switzerland can refuse entry to an EU/EEA/Swiss national on public policy, public security or public health grounds where the person presents a "genuine, present and sufficiently serious threat affecting one of the fundamental interests of society".[79] If the person has obtained permanent residence in the country where he/she seeks entry (a status which is normally attained after 5 years of residence), the member state can only expel him/her onserious grounds of public policy or public security. Where the person has resided for 10 years or is a minor, the member state can only expel him/her onimperative grounds of public security (and, in the case of minors, if expulsion is necessary in the best interests of the child, as provided for in theConvention on the Rights of the Child).[80] Expulsion on public health grounds must relate to diseases with "epidemic potential" which have occurred less than 3 months from the person's the date of arrival in the Member State where he/she seeks entry.[81]
A family member of an EEA/Swiss citizenwho is in possession of aresidence permit indicating their status is exempt from the requirement to hold a visa for up to 90 days when entering the European Economic Area or Switzerland when they are accompanying their EEA/Swiss family member or are seeking to join them.[82]
eGates as a form ofautomated border control system were first introduced atDublin Airport in December 2017. There are currently 10 eGates in each of Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 arrivals with an additional five eGates in the Transfers Facility.European Union citizens,British citizens, andEEA citizens over the age of 18 and using a full passport orIrish passport card may use eGates upon arrival toDublin Airport,[83] while the Transfer Area also facilitate US, Canadian, Australian, New Zealand and Japanese citizens (in addition to EU & EEA citizens), if they are not transferring to the UK.[83]
Of the countries and territories outside theEuropean single market and theUnited Kingdom, whose citizens are entitled to exercise free movement rights in Ireland, the following offer full reciprocal treatment toIrish citizens (i.e. visa-free access of at least 3 months):Andorra,Antigua and Barbuda,Argentina,Australia,Bahamas,Barbados,Brazil,Brunei,Canada,Chile,Costa Rica,El Salvador,Fiji,Grenada,Guatemala,Guyana,Hong Kong,Israel,Japan,Macau,Malaysia,Mexico,Monaco,New Zealand,Nicaragua,Panama,Paraguay,Saint Kitts and Nevis,San Marino,Singapore,Solomon Islands,South Korea,Taiwan,Trinidad and Tobago,Ukraine,United States,Uruguay, andVatican City. However, some of these countries require Irish citizens to obtain an electronic authorisation before travel: Australia (eVisitor, no fee), Canada (eTA for travel by air, fee of 7CAD), Israel (ETA-IL, fee of 25ILS), New Zealand (NZeTA, fee of 117NZD if applying via mobile app or 123 NZD otherwise, inclusive of the 100 NZDInternational Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy) and the United States (ESTA, fee of 21USD[84]). Ireland does not require citizens of these countries to obtain an authorisation prior to arriving in Ireland.
Other countries and territories only offer partially reciprocal treatment toIrish citizens (i.e. visa-free access that is less than 3 months). The following countries permit Irish citizens to stay without a visa for up to 30 days (or 1 month) only:Belize,Kiribati,Maldives,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Seychelles (1 month, extendable to 12 months),Tonga,Tuvalu, and theUnited Arab Emirates. Also, the following countries permit Irish citizens to stay without a visa for less than 3 months:Saint Lucia (6 weeks) andSamoa (60 days).
Visa policies and requirements in theEuropean Union | |
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1 - IncludesEFTA states andAkrotiri and Dhekelia. | |
