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Villa Las Estrellas | |
|---|---|
Village | |
  Villa Las Estrellas Villa Las Estrellas within Antarctica | |
| Coordinates:62°12′02″S58°57′55″W / 62.200417°S 58.965278°W /-62.200417; -58.965278 | |
| Country |  Chile |
| Region |  Magallanes y Antártica Chilena |
| Province | Antártica Chilena |
| Commune | Antártica |
| Location | King George Island |
| Inauguration | 9 April 1984[1] |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Magistrate | Responsibility ofPuerto Williams Mayor and de facto Base Commander |
| • Municipal Council | Responsibility ofPuerto Williams Council |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population (2017)[2] | |
| • Summer | 150 |
| • Winter | 80 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (CLST) |
| UN/LOCODE | AQ ESC |
| Activities | Meteorology |
Villa Las Estrellas (Spanish pronunciation:[ˈbiʝalasesˈtɾeʝas];Spanish forThe Stars Village[3] orHamlet of the Stars)[4] is a permanently inhabited outpost onKing George Island within the ChileanAntarctic claim, theChilean Antarctic Territory, and also within theArgentine andBritish Antarctic claims.
The Chilean government considers it to be in the commune ofAntártica, in the province ofAntártica Chilena, in theregión of Magallanes and Chilean Antartica.
It is located onPresident Eduardo Frei Montalva Base, aresearch station. It is the larger one of only two civilian settlements on Antarctica (the other being Argentina'sEsperanza Base).[4] It has a summer population of 150 and a winter population of 80.[5]
The Office of theCivil Registry and Identification Service of Chile acts as official registry office with all the responsibilities inherent in this position.[6]
There is aCorreos de Chile post office[7] staffed in the summer by a postal worker and by the command of the base in the winter. The office receives all its mail fromPunta Arenas and is the mail depot and relay station for all mail addressed to any Chilean installation on Antarctica in addition to some other foreign facilities. From here it is delivered by hand, plane, or helicopter. The post office is also an attraction for tourists andphilately enthusiasts that travel to the town to send postcards and letters with an Antarctic postmark.
The town is in the Piloto Pardo census district.
The people of Villa Las Estrellas live in a community that has fourteen[8] 90 m² (970 sq. ft.) homes.Juan Pablo Camacho, the first Chilean born in the Antarctic region, was born at Villa Las Estrellas in November 1984.[4]
F-50 "Villa Las Estrellas" School, a1st–8th grade primary school staffed by two teachers that are responsible for providing education for the community's children, operated for 33 years until 2018, during which it educated over 300 children.[9][10][11] As of 2014, there were 6 students.[9] Library[7] No. 291 has a collection of books and magazines that are available upon request.
There is aChilean Air Force Hospital staffed with one doctor and nurse[6] and equipped with X-ray, laboratory, surgery, anesthesia machine, sterilizer, and pharmacy services in addition to limited emergency and surgery capabilities. Two hospital beds are available in addition to a dental clinic.[12] Through a partnership with theChilean Antarctic Institute and theUniversity of Chile, in emergencies, medical images can be outsourced to specialized health centers in South America and Europe for diagnosis.
As of 2018[update], all residents, including children, are required to have theirappendixes removed before coming to Villa Las Estrellas as a safety precaution; this is because healthcare services are limited.[13]
A branch ofBanco de Crédito e Inversiones operates throughout the year staffed by a sole banker.[10][4]Santa María Reina de la Paz(St. Mary Queen of Peace) is a Catholic chapel that attracts people from all over King George Island.
The nearestairport is theTeniente R. Marsh Airport, the only airport in Antarctica that has anIATA code. There is no regular scheduled public service to the airport, althoughAerovías DAP has some charter flights fromPunta Arenas.[16]
According toKöppenET, Villa Las Estrellas has a marinepolar climate; i.e., winter temperatures are typically milder than other, comparably well-populated,arctic or near-polar regions (especially inland areas), such as parts ofAlaska,Canada,Greenland,Iceland,Russia andSiberia, or northernNorway,Finland, orSweden. However, the summertime conditions of the aforementioned locales are generally known to be muggy, warm, humid and wet, with millions of biting flies and mosquitoes swarming; by comparison, during the brief summer season, conditions in Villa Las Estrellas are considerably more tolerable and forgiving. However, during summer, the area is, in effect, just barely above freezing, which causes the climate to be hostile to the human inhabitants. Sunshine levels also become extremely low, leading to potentialvitamin D deficiencies ordepression. The yearly mean temperature of −2.3 °C (27.9 °F) is, still, quite gentle for the Antarctic, and milder than many places with vegetation.
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.0 (55.4) | 9.2 (48.6) | 8.3 (46.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 4.6 (40.3) | 4.2 (39.6) | 5.0 (41.0) | 3.8 (38.8) | 4.4 (39.9) | 4.4 (39.9) | 6.0 (42.8) | 8.2 (46.8) | 13.0 (55.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) | 2.9 (37.2) | 2.2 (36.0) | 0.6 (33.1) | −0.8 (30.6) | −1.5 (29.3) | −0.9 (30.4) | −2.2 (28.0) | −1.3 (29.7) | −0.8 (30.6) | 0.0 (32.0) | 2.1 (35.8) | 0.3 (32.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) | 1.6 (34.9) | 0.4 (32.7) | −1.7 (28.9) | −3.8 (25.2) | −5.5 (22.1) | −6.5 (20.3) | −6.5 (20.3) | −4.5 (23.9) | −2.6 (27.3) | −1.0 (30.2) | 0.6 (33.1) | −2.3 (27.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) | 0.6 (33.1) | −1.2 (29.8) | −4.8 (23.4) | −8.2 (17.2) | −9.4 (15.1) | −13.2 (8.2) | −11.3 (11.7) | −8.0 (17.6) | −5.6 (21.9) | −2.8 (27.0) | −0.3 (31.5) | −5.3 (22.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −5.1 (22.8) | −5.8 (21.6) | −9.9 (14.2) | −16.8 (1.8) | −23.6 (−10.5) | −24.2 (−11.6) | −28.5 (−19.3) | −28.7 (−19.7) | −23.0 (−9.4) | −17.0 (1.4) | −10.7 (12.7) | −6.8 (19.8) | −28.7 (−19.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 53.8 (2.12) | 52.3 (2.06) | 52.5 (2.07) | 46.6 (1.83) | 31.0 (1.22) | 29.2 (1.15) | 32.2 (1.27) | 34.5 (1.36) | 42.0 (1.65) | 47.7 (1.88) | 41.0 (1.61) | 30.1 (1.19) | 492.9 (19.41) |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 91 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 90 | 89 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 89 | 81 | 89 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 83.8 | 71.2 | 57.3 | 23.6 | 8.3 | 1.2 | 3.9 | 15.8 | 44.2 | 93.2 | 104.5 | 98.1 | 605.1 |
| Source: Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (temperature data:1970-2004, all other 1990-2000)[17] | |||||||||||||
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