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TheVienna Uprising orOctober Revolution (German:Wiener Oktoberaufstand, orWiener Oktoberrevolution) of October 1848 was the last uprising in theAustrian Revolution of 1848.
On 6 October 1848, as the troops of theAustrian Empire were preparing to leaveVienna to suppress theHungarian Revolution, a crowd sympathetic to the Hungarian cause (of workers, students and mutinous soldiers) tried to prevent them from leaving. The incident escalated into violent street battles; blood was spilt inSaint Stephen's Cathedral andCount Baillet von Latour, the Austrian Minister of War, waslynched by the crowd. The commander of the Vienna garrison,Count Auersperg, was obliged to evacuate the city, but he entrenched himself in a strong position outside it.[1]
The Austrian Empire became familiar with Emperors and Foreign Ministers coming in and out of administration. The first victim to the Revolutions of 1848 was Klemens von Metternich, who resigned as the Foreign Minister on March 13, 1848. On 7 October, EmperorFerdinand I fled with his court toOlmütz under the protection ofAlfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz. Two weeks later, theAustrian Parliament was moved toKremsier.
On 26 October, under the command of General Windisch-Grätz and CountJosip Jelačić, the Austrian and Croatian armies started a bombardment of Vienna, and they stormed the city centre on the 31st. The defence was led by the Polish GeneralJózef Bem. Except for him, who managed to escape, all the leaders of the resistance were executed in the days following—includingWenzel Messenhauser, the journalistAlfred Julius Becher,Hermann Jellinek and the Radical member of parliamentRobert Blum, despite his insistence ofparliamentary immunity.
The gains of the March Revolution were largely lost, and Austria began a phase of both reactionary authoritarianism—"neo-absolutism"—but also liberal reform.
Carl Schurz,The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz (3 vols.), v. 1,chap. VI, p. 153.| Belligerents | |
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