Avideo game content rating system is asystem used for the classification ofvideo games based on suitability for target audiences. Most of these systems are associated with and/or sponsored by a government, and are sometimes part of the localmotion picture rating system. The utility of such ratings has been called into question by studies that publish findings such as 90% of teenagers claim that their parents "never" check the ratings before allowing them to rent or buy video games,[1] and as such, calls have been made to "fix" the existing rating systems.[2][3] Video game content rating systems can be used as the basis for laws that cover the sales of video games to minors, such as in Australia. Rating checking and approval is part of thegame localization when they are being prepared for their distribution in other countries or locales. These rating systems have also been used to voluntarily restrict sales of certain video games by stores, such as the German retailer Galeria Kaufhof's removal of all video games rated 18+ by the USK following theWinnenden school shooting.[4]
A comparison of current video game rating systems, showing age on the horizontal axis. Note however that the specific criteria used in assigning a classification can vary widely from one country to another. Thus a color code or age range cannot be directly compared from one country to another.
Key:
| Country/System | Age rating | Other | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0/1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | |||
| National/Regional Ratings Systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| ATP | +13 | +18 | N/A | Adopted on 15 October 2005. | |||||||||||||||||||
| G | M | R 18+ | RC | The restricted categories are MA 15+ and R 18+; the latter was introduced at the start of 2013. | |||||||||||||||||||
| PG | MA 15+ | CTC | |||||||||||||||||||||
| L | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | N/A | The same rating system is used for television and motion pictures in Brazil. | ||||||||||||||||
| TE | 8+ | 14+ | 18+ | Educational | Some games use this rating system rather than the ESRB. | ||||||||||||||||||
| N/A | 8+ | 12+ | 16+ | N/A | Applies to games with online components. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pan-European Game Information (PEGI) (except: | 3 | 7 | 12 | 16 | 18 | N/A | Legally enforced in some countries (but not all). | ||||||||||||||||
| 7 | 12 | 16 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 6 | 12 | 16 | 18[5] | Confiscated[6] | The USK system is also mandatory in Salzburg, Austria. | |||||||||||||||||
| No Rating[7] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indexed[8] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| I (Neither obscene nor indecent) | II (Inelegant) | III (Obscenity) | The classification of publications in Hong Kong and Macau is assessed by the Obscene Articles Tribunal. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Country/System | 0/1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Other | Notes |
| N/A | 3+ | 7+ | 13+ | 15+ | 18+ | Refused classification | |||||||||||||||||
| International Age Rating Coalition (IARC) | 3+ | 7+ | 12+ | 16+ | 18+ | N/A | The IARC is an association of various organizations for the global age rating of online games and apps in digital storefronts. The age rating is assigned according to the specifications of the respective national self-regulation bodies.[9] | ||||||||||||||||
| +3 | +7 | +12 | +15 | +18 | N/A | Some games are forbidden. Games with extreme violence, explicit sexual content or explicit nudity are prohibited. | |||||||||||||||||
| A | B | C | D | Z | 審査予定 | These ratings have been used since March 1, 2006. The Z rating is the only rating that is legally restricted. | |||||||||||||||||
| 教育・データベース | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 規定適合 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| G | 12 | 15 | 18 | N/A | This rating system is used for PC games only. | ||||||||||||||||||
| A | B | B15 | C | P | Adopted on May 27, 2021. | ||||||||||||||||||
| D | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| G | R13 | R15 | M | R18 | Objectionable | Games with an unrestricted label in Australia can carry Australian classification labels, but New Zealand labels are required if the game is restricted (MA 15+ or R 18+) in Australia or isclassified RC. | |||||||||||||||||
| PG | R16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| North America (ESRB) | E | E10+ | T | M | AO | RP | This was adopted in 1994 in the United States, most of Canada, and Mexico. The AO rating is the only rating that is legally restricted (except in the United States). The ESRB Retail Council “Ratings Education and Enforcement Code” requires that AO-rated games are not supplied to minors, and that M-rated games are not supplied to customers under the age of 17 unless accompanied by a parent or guardian.[10] | ||||||||||||||||
| EC | RP – Likely Mature 17+ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country/System | 0/1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Other | Notes |
| 0+ | 6+ | 12+ | 16+ | 18+ | N/A | These ratings have been used since 1 September 2012. The same rating system is used for television, motion pictures, and publications in Russia. | |||||||||||||||||
| N/A | 3+ | 7+ | 12+ | 16+ | 18+ | 21+ | TBC | Adopted in 2016.[11] Rating 21+ was introduced in 2025[12][13][14] | |||||||||||||||
| G | ADV16 | M18 | Refused classification | Adopted on 28 April 2008. | |||||||||||||||||||
| "Teddy bear's head" | 12 | 15 | 18 | N/A | Adopted in 2007, updated in 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| U | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| N/A | 7–9PG | 7–9PG | 13 | 16 | 18 | XX | Introduced in 1996 to combat the extensive child abuse in South Africa. | ||||||||||||||||
| PG | 10–12PG | 10–12PG | X18 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ALL | 12 | 15 | 19 | Refused classification | Before 2006, video games released in South Korea were rated byKMRB. There's age-restricted for rating 12 and 15, but unpunished.[15] | ||||||||||||||||||
| 0+ | 6+ | 12+ | 15+ | 18+ | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||
| N/A | 3 | 7 | 12 | 16 | 18 | 21 | N/A | Introduced in November 2017, and was established commercially as of February 2018. | |||||||||||||||
| Country/System | 0/1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Other | Notes |
| Specific Storefront Ratings Systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| App Store (iOS/iPadOS) | 4+ | 9+ | 13+ | 16+ | 18+ | No Rating | Ratings are required for applications to be released or sold on the App Store. Apps rated 4+ that are specifically aimed at children can be divided into three sub-categories: aged 5 and under, 6–8 and 9–11. The rating system was overhauled along with the release ofiOS 26 in 2025, with the 12+ and 17+ ratings replaced with 13+, 16+ and 18+.[16] | ||||||||||||||||
| 4+ (aged 5 and under) | 4+ (ages 6–8) | 4+ (ages 9–11) | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Google Play (South Korea)[17] | 3 | 7 | 12 | 16 | 19 | Unrated | Only applies to games released in South Korea. | ||||||||||||||||
| Google Play (Russia)[17] | 3 | 7 | 12 | 16 | 18 | Unrated | Only applies to games released in Russia. | ||||||||||||||||
| Samsung Galaxy Store | All | 4+ | 12+ | 16+ | 18+ | Banned | |||||||||||||||||
In the above table,Italics indicate a multinational/transnational organization.
Similar to other forms of media,video games have been the subject of argument between leading professionals and restriction and prohibition. Often these bouts of criticism come from use of debated topics such as video gamegraphic violence, virtual sex, violent and gory scenes, partial or full nudity, drug use, portrayal ofcriminal behavior or other provocative and objectionable material.Video games have also been studied for links toaddiction andaggression. A meta analysis of studies from both eastern and western countries yielded evidence that "strongly suggests that exposure to violent video games is a causal risk factor for increased aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, and aggressive affect and for decreased empathy and prosocial behavior."[18]
There are also groups that have argued to the contrary, that few if any scientifically proven studies exist to back up these claims, and that the video game industry has become an easy target for the media to blame for many contemporary issues.[19][20][21] Researchers have also proposed potential positive effects of video games on aspects of social and cognitive development and psychological well-being.[22] It has been shown that action video game players have betterhand-eye coordination and visuo-motor skills, such as their resistance to distraction, their sensitivity to information in the peripheral vision and their ability to count briefly presented objects, than non-players.[23]
The law 26.043 (passed in 2005) states that theNational Council of Children, Youth and Family ('Consejo Nacional de la Niñez, Adolescencia y la Familia') in coordination with theNational Institute of Cinema and Audiovisual Arts will be thegovernment agencies that assigns age ratings.[24][25][26] The Argentine Game Developer Association (Asociación de Desarrolladores de Videojuegos Argentina) was critical of the law.[27][28][29] There are three ratings: "Suitable for all public", "Suitable for those over 13 years of age" and "Suitable for those over 18 years of age".[30]
TheAustralian Classification Board (ACB) is astatutory classification body formed by theAustralian Government which classifiesfilms,video games andpublications for exhibition, sale or hire inAustralia since its establishment in 1970. The Classification Board was originally incorporated in theOffice of Film and Literature Classification (OFLC) which was dissolved in 2006. Originally a part of theAttorney-General's Department and overseen by theMinister for Justice, the ACB is now a branch of theDepartment of Communications and the Arts which provides administrative support to the Board and is overseen by theMinister for Communications & the Arts. Decisions made by the Board may be reviewed by the AustralianClassification Review Board.
There is no uniform ratings system in Austria, and the nine states regulate content in different ways. The two main systems are PEGI (applied in Vienna) and Germany's USK system (applied in Salzburg).[31]
Theadvisory rating (ClassInd) (Classificação Indicativa in Portuguese) ratesfilms,games andtelevision shows inBrazil. It is controlled by theMinistry of Justice (Ministério da Justiça).
Games are classified by the Council of Cinematographic Classification (Consejo de Calificación Cinematográfica) which is a central agency under the Ministry of Education.[32]
The current age ratings are:
The manufacturers, importers, suppliers and merchants are only permitted to sell and rent video games that are classified as 8, 14 or 18, to those who prove they meet those ages respectively. In the case of each sale or lease by physical means, the respective identity card is required.[33]
China introduced a pilot content rating system in December 2020 called the Online Game Age-Appropriateness Warning, which is overseen by the governmental agencyChina Audio-video and Digital Publishing Association [zh] (CADPA). Games with online components are required to show one of the three classifications on websites and registration pages: green for "8+" (appropriate for players 8 years and older), blue for "12+", and yellow for "16+".[34]
ThePan European Game Information (PEGI) is aEuropean video game content rating system established to help European parents make informed decisions on buying computer games with logos on games boxes. It was developed by the Interactive Software Federation of Europe (ISFE) and came into use in April 2003; it replaced many national age rating systems with a single European system. The PEGI system is now used in more than thirty-one countries and is based on a code of conduct, a set of rules to which every publisher using the PEGI system is contractually committed. PEGI self-regulation is composed by five age categories and seven content descriptors that advise the suitability and content of a game for a certain age range based on the games content. The ratings are:
The ratings do not indicate the difficulty of the game or the skill required to play it.[35]
Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle (USK) (Entertainment Software Self-control), isGermany'ssoftware rating organization founded in 1994.
There is no game grading system inHong Kong andMacau, but a unified publication classification is adopted, which is divided into three categories: I, II and III. Class I publications can be purchased at all ages without any restrictions. Class II publications need to be marked with warnings and cannot be provided to people under the age of 18, which is equivalent to a restricted level. Class III publications are not allowed to be sold publicly, but there is no restriction on private or friend-to-friend communication. This classification system is equivalent to a hidden classification, The Obscene Articles Tribunal is responsible for the classification and evaluation.[36]
The Regulation on the Control of Obscene and Indecent Articles requires that Class II publications must use this statutory warning slogan, and must be marked in both Chinese and English, and the font size must account for 20% of the total area:[37]
警告:本物品内容可能令人反感;不可将本物品派发、传阅、出售、出租、交给或出借予年龄未满18岁的人士或将本物品向该等人士出示、播放或放映。
WARNING: THIS ARTICLE CONTAINS MATERIAL WHICH MAY OFFEND AND MAY NOT BE DISTRIBUTED, CIRCULATED, SOLD, HIRED, GIVEN, LENT, SHOWN, PLAYED OR PROJECTED TO A PERSON UNDER THE AGE OF 18 YEARS.
TheIndonesia Game Rating System (IGRS) is the official video game content rating system founded and set by the IndonesianMinistry of Communication and Informatics in 2016.[38] IGRS rates games that are developed and published in Indonesia. There are 5 classifications of ratings based on the game content, which includes the use of alcohol, cigarettes, drugs, violence, blood, language, sexual content, etc.
These are the following classifications:[39]
Since November 2019, various importedPlayStation titles released since then have been rated by the IGRS afterSIE Asia opened their Indonesian office. Those titles are also marked as "Official Indonesia Products" (Indonesian:Produk Resmi Indonesia).
In 2024, the Ministry of Communications and Informatics revised the IGRS in Ministerial Regulation MCI 2/2024, subsequently requiring that every video game publisher to have an Indonesian representative office, as all games imported into the country must be age rated. After overhauling and launching the new application system in October 2025, this will be enforced in practise starting January 2026.
TheInternational Age Rating Coalition (IARC) is an association of various organizations for the global age rating of online games and apps. The age rating is assigned according to the specifications of the respective national self-regulation bodies, so that it is generated directly for each region or country. Before being published on these gaming platforms, the content of games is evaluated using a questionnaire-based system. This questionnaire collects information on content relevant to the protection of minors, such as depictions of violence, as well as on possible risks of use, such as chat or purchase functions.[40]
Participating Rating Authorities:
Participating Storefronts:
TheEntertainment Software Rating Association (Persian:اسرا) (ESRA) is a governmental video game content rating system that is used inIran. Games that have been exempt from the rating arede facto banned from sale in Iran.
In practice, the rating applies largely to PC and mobile games, as none of the console games are officially released for the Iranian market.
In Japan, the content rating is not required by law, but most commercial video game publishers take the industry self-regulations. Console manufacturers force for video game publishers that games must be rated by CERO. Distributors ofPC games (mostlydating sims,visual novels, anderoge) require games having the approval of EOCS or Japan contents Review Center.[41] These ratings are referred to by local governments, and the Ordinance Regarding the Healthy Development of Youths (青少年健全育成条例) prohibits retailers from supplying 18+ rating games to persons under 18.[42][43]Dōjin softs do not have such restrictions, but distribution of obscene materials can be punished under theArticle 175 of the Penal Code of Japan.
TheComputer Entertainment Rating Organization (特定非営利活動法人コンピュータエンターテインメントレーティング機構,Tokutei Hieiri Katsudō Hōjin Konpyūta Entāteinmento Rētingu Kikō) (CERO) is anorganization that rates video games inJapan, with different levels of rating that inform the customer of the nature of the product and what age group it suits. It was established in June 2002 as a branch of theComputer Entertainment Supplier's Association, and became an officially recognizednon-profit organization in December 2003. It currently consists of five age categories and nine content descriptors.
TheEthics Organization of Computer Software (一般社団法人コンピュータソフトウェア倫理機構,Ippan Shadan Hōjin Konpyūta Sofutowea Rinri Kikō) (EOCS, or Sofurin)[44] is an incorporated association that rates PC games inJapan. It was established on November 20, 1992,[45] and was incorporated in 2009. The association also works to crack down on copyright infringement of PC games for the companies it represents, and sponsors the Moe Game Award (萌えゲーアワード) to help PC game sales.[46]
The current ratings are:[47]
TheJapan contents Review Center (日本コンテンツ審査センター,Nihon Kontentsu Shinsa Sentā) is a cooperative that reviews adult videos and adult PC games inJapan. The organization was founded on December 1, 2010, asEthics Organization of Video (映像倫理機構,Eizō Rinri Kikō) after the dissolution of theContent Soft Association (CSA).[48]
On November 27, 2020, theSecretariat of the Interior (SEGOB) published a new set of guidelines on theOfficial Journal of the Federation calledLineamentos Generales del Sistema Mexicano de Equivalencias de Clasificación de Contenidos de Videojuegos (General Guidelines of the Mexican System of Classification Equivalencies for Video Game Content).[49] This stated that all games distributed in Mexico would have their own set of ratings effective May 27, 2021, replacing the ESRB ratings system that was being used, while still being in accordance with them.
The ratings are as follows:
TheOffice of Film and Literature Classification (OFLC) is the government agency inNew Zealand that is responsible forclassification of allfilms,videos,publications, and somevideo games in New Zealand. It was created by theFilms, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993 (FVPC Act), replacing various film classification acts, and is an independentCrown entity[50] in terms of theCrown Entities Act 2004. The head of the OFLC is called the Chief Censor, maintaining a title that has described the government officer in charge ofcensorship in New Zealand since 1916.
The current ratings are:[51]
TheEntertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) is aself-regulatory organization that assigns age and content ratings, enforces industry-adoptedadvertising guidelines, and ensures responsible online privacy principles forcomputer and video games and other entertainment software in countries ofNorth America.[52] PEGI ratings are used on some French-language games sold in Canada. Despite being self-regulatory, in Canada, games rated by the ESRB are required by law to be rated and/or restricted, though this only varies at a province and territory level. ESRB ratings can be found on games for Nintendo systems in the countries of Malaysia, Saudi Arabia (until Nintendo of Europe began overseeing the market), Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates until 2024. This system was used in Mexico as well until it was replaced by a local rating system on May 27, 2021.
A similar system also exists forarcade video games, which is enforced by the American Amusement Machine Association (AAMA) and the Amusement and Music Operators Association (AMOA).[53] It is called the Parental Advisory System, and uses three colors for ratings - green (Suitable for All Ages), yellow (Mild Content), and red (Strong Content). Stickers displaying the ratings are placed on the game marquees, and the rating can also be displayed during the attract mode if the game's developer or publisher chooses to do so.[54][55]
TheAge classification of information products is a newstatutory classification set of rules formed by theRussian Government after enacting in September 2012 aFederal Law ofRussian Federation no. 436-FZ of 2010-12-23 “On Protecting of Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development” (Russian:Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 29 декабря 2010 г. N 436-ФЗ «О защите детей от информации, причиняющей вред их здоровью и развитию»), which classifiesfilms,video games andpublications for exhibition, sale or hire inRussia since 1 September 2012. TheMinistry of Culture provides administrative support to the classification.
In December 2022, the federal government has announced plans to establish a dedicated regulation procedure and age rating specifically for digital products, which include video games. There are concerns this may encompass excessive regulation and costs, as the new regulation will focus on interactive and online elements rather than just audiovisual content.[56]
TheGeneral Authority of Media Regulation (Arabic:الهيئة العامة لتنظيم الإعلام,romanized: alhayyat aleamat litanzim al'iielam) (Gmedia/GAMR) is responsible forthe age-ratings offilms,television programs andinteractive games.[57][58][59] In 2025, the age rating criteria was updated along with addition of the 21 rating.[60][61]
TheInfo-communications Media Development Authority (IMDA) is a statutory board of theSingapore Government which regulatesfilms,television programs andvideo games inSingapore.
Jednotný systém označovania (English: Unified System of Age Rating/Labeling) (JSO) is a statutory board ofMinistry of Culture of Slovakia now under act 328/2023 which regulates age restriction offilms,television programs andvideo games inSlovakia.[62][63][64]
The current age ratings are:
Under current act (328/2023) content descriptors, indicating depiction of violence, discrimination, fear/terror, addiction, sex, coarse language and nudity were added to the statutory board.[65][62]
In previous act (589/2007), there were educational content age ratings, which are no longer being used:[64]
The labeling was mandatory for all physical releases (games redeemable from gift cards including), but there was no legislative basis for labeling electronic releases (instead, PEGI rating was shown). Under act 78/2023, publishers can now release videogames in Slovakia without JSO rating, if the videogame obtainedPEGI rating.[66]
The South AfricanFilm and Publication Board (FPB) is astatutory classification body formed by theSouth African Government under theFilms and Publications Act of 1996 which classifies films, publications, and video games for exhibition, sale or hire inSouth Africa. Distributors and exhibitors are legally compelled to comply with the age ratings.
The ratings, as of August 1, 2022 are;[67]
TheGame Rating and Administration Committee (게임물관리위원회Geimmul Gwanri Wiwonhoe) (GRAC) is theSouth Koreanvideo game content rating board. A governmental organization, the GRAC ratesvideo and computer games to inform customers of the nature of game contents.
Game Software Rating Regulations (遊戲軟體分級辦法), also translated asGame Software Rating Management Regulations, is the video game content rating system used inTaiwan.[68]
TheNational Media Council (Arabic:المجلس الوطني للإعلام,romanized: al-Majlis al-Watani li'al-Ealam) (NMC) was a body of thefederal U.A.E. government which regulated all aspects of media production, publication, and media trade in theUnited Arab Emirates. The body was established under Federal Law (1) of 2006, and had full authority over the media in the country, both commercial and government related.
In 2018, the NMC introduced local age rating systems for various media, including video games available in retail.[69][70]
In June 2021, the Ministry of Culture & Youth launched theMedia Regulatory Office (Arabic:مكتب تنظيم الإعلام,romanized: Maktab Tanzheem al-Ealam) (MRO) to execute a number of functions and tasks previously under the National Media Council,[71] following a restructure of the federal U.A.E. government that was approved in July 2020.[72] In June 2022, the 2018 NMC rating labels for video games began phasing out in favour of new labels reflecting thecorporate image of the MRO. The ratings themselves were unchanged. The New Media Law came into force on December 1, 2023, in which the top logo of the label changed to reflect the corporate image of the UAE Media Council which went into effect in 2024.[73][74]
TheBritish Board of Film Classification (BBFC), originallyBritish Board of Film Censors, is anon-governmental organisation, funded by the film industry and responsible for the national classification offilms within theUnited Kingdom.[75] It has a statutory requirement to classifyvideos andDVDs. It no longer has responsibility for rating video games in the UK. This role has been passed to theVideo Standards Council (formerly known as the VSC Rating Board).[76]
In July 2012, the VSC Rating Board became the sole UK statutory video games regulator for the UK. The VSC Rating Board has been a PEGI Administrator since 2003 and subsequently uses the PEGI criteria to classify video games. TheUK Interactive Entertainment Association, a UK industry trade group, works with the VSC to help properly label such games and provide informational material to parents. Games featuring strong pornographic content or ancillary mini-games to be included with a DVD feature will still be rated by the BBFC.
The image below presents outdated usage of various video game content rating systems around the world. Countries filled with gradients are using several rating systems.

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