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Victor David Sjöström (Swedish:[ˈvɪ̌kːtɔrˈɧø̂ːstrœm]ⓘ; 20 September 1879 – 3 January 1960), also known in the United States asVictor Seastrom, was a pioneering Swedish film director, screenwriter, and actor. He began his career in Sweden, before moving toHollywood in 1924. Sjöström worked primarily in thesilent era; his best known films includeThe Phantom Carriage (1921),He Who Gets Slapped (1924), andThe Wind (1928). Sjöström was Sweden's most prominent director in the "Golden Age of Silent Film" in Europe. Later in life, he played the leading role inIngmar Bergman'sWild Strawberries (1957).
Victor David Sjöström was born on 20 September 1879 inÅrjäng/Silbodal, in theVärmland region of Sweden.[2] He was only a year old when his father,Olof Adolf Sjöström, moved the family toBrooklyn, New York. His mother died in 1886, when he was seven years old. Sjöström returned to Sweden where he lived with relatives in Stockholm, beginning his acting career at 17 as a member of a touring theater company.[citation needed]
Drawn from the stage to the fledgling motion picture industry, he made his first film in 1912 under the direction ofMauritz Stiller. Between 1912 and 1923, he directed another forty-one films in Sweden, some of which are nowlost. Those surviving includeThe Sons of Ingmar (1919),Karin, Daughter of Ingmar (1920) andThe Phantom Carriage (1921), all based on stories by theNobel Prize–winning novelistSelma Lagerlöf. Many of his films from the period are marked by subtle character portrayal, fine storytelling and evocative settings in which the Swedish landscape often plays a key psychological role. The naturalistic quality of his films was enhanced by his (then revolutionary) preference for on-location filming, especially in rural and village settings.[citation needed] He is also known as a pioneer ofcontinuity editing in narrative filmmaking.[3]
In 1923, Sjöström accepted an offer fromLouis B. Mayer to work in the United States.[4] In Sweden, he had acted in his own films as well as in those for others, but in Hollywood he devoted himself solely to directing. Using an anglicized name, Victor Seastrom, he made the drama filmName the Man (1924) based on theHall Caine novel,The Master of Man. He directed stars of the day such asGreta Garbo,John Gilbert,Lillian Gish,Lon Chaney, andNorma Shearer in another eight films in America before his firsttalkie in 1930. One of these was the 1926 filmThe Scarlet Letter, starringLillian Gish as the adulterous Hester Prynne.
Uncomfortable with the modifications needed to directsound films, Victor Sjöström returned to Sweden, where he directed two more films before his final directing effort, an English-language drama filmed in the United KingdomUnder the Red Robe (1937). Over the following 15 years, Sjöström returned to acting in the theatre, performed a variety of leading roles in more than a dozen films, and was a company director ofSvensk Film Industri. Arguably his noted performance came with his final film role. On the cusp of turning 78, he played the elderly professor Isak Borg inIngmar Bergman's filmWild Strawberries (1957).
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