| Vice President of the People's Republic of China | |
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| 中华人民共和国副主席 | |
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| Style | Mr. Vice President (副主席) (informal) His Excellency (阁下) (diplomatic) |
| Type | Deputystate representative |
| Status | Deputy national-level official |
| Residence | Zhongnanhai |
| Seat | Zhongnanhai West Building, Beijing[1] |
| Nominator | Presidium of the National People's Congress |
| Appointer | National People's Congress |
| Term length | Five years, renewable |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of China |
| Inaugural holder | Li Yuanhong (Republican era) Zhu De (current form) |
| Formation | 1 January 1912; 113 years ago (1912-01-01) (Republican era) 27 September 1954; 71 years ago (1954-09-27) (current form) |
| Abolished | Between 1975 and 1982 |
| Unofficial names | State Vice Chairman |
| Vice President of China | |||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 中华人民共和国副主席 | ||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 国家副主席 | ||||||
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TheVice President of China, officially titled theVice President of the People's Republic of China, is the deputy to thepresident of the People's Republic of China, thestate representative of China. Similar to the Chinese president, the vice president is aceremonial office and has no real power in China'spolitical system.[a]
The office originated in theRepublican era whenLi Yuanhong held the post of the first vice president of China. This post in its current form was first established in theConstitution in 1954, with the official English-languagetranslation of "state vice chairman". The post of vice chairman was abolished under theConstitution of 1975 together with the chairman, then reinstated in the Constitution of 1982. Since 1982, the title's official English-language translation has been "vice president", although the Chinese title remains unchanged. The new constitution stipulated that the vice president could not serve more than two consecutive terms; the term limits wereremoved in 2018.
Under the current constitution, the president serves at the pleasure of theNational People's Congress (NPC), the legislature. According to the constitution, the principal duty of the vice president is assisting the president in their duties. The vice president also assumes the presidency in case the office becomes vacant until a new president is elected by the NPC. The incumbent vice president of China isHan Zheng, who took office in 10 March 2023.
The office was first established under theBeiyang government whenLi Yuanhong became the first vice president of the country when the Republic was founded in 1912. The post was abolished in 1917, but it was restored after the end of theNationalist government asLi Zongren became the first modern vice president under the 1947Constitution of the Republic of China. The office of the vice president along with thegovernment of the Republic of China, was relocated to Taiwan in 1949, where it exists today.
The PRC post, which began as the state vice chairman was first established under the1954 Constitution, together with the chairman.[2] It was, along with the state chairman, abolished in thenew Constitution adopted by the4th National People's Congress (NPC) in 1975. The office, now called the vice president, was restored in the1982 constitution together with the presidency. The new constitution mandated term limits for the office, stipulating the president and vice president could not serve more than two consecutive terms. On March 11, 2018,the first session of the13th National People's Congress, by a vote of 2,958 in favor, two opposed and three abstaining, passed aconstitutional amendment that removed the previous term limits for the president and the vice president.[3]
Article 79 of the Constitution sets three qualifications for being elected for the vice presidency. To serve as president, one must:
According to the Organic Law of the National People's Congress (NPC), constitutionally China'shighest organ of state power, the vice president is nominated by theNPC Presidium, the Congress's executive organ.[5] However, the nomination is effectively made by the Chinese Communist Party, with the decisions being made among Party leaders.[6] Although the Presidium could theoretically nominate multiple candidates for the presidency, leading the election to be competitive, it has always nominated a single candidate for the office.[6]
After the nomination, the vice president is elected by the NPC, which also has the power to remove the vice president and other state officers from office. Elections and removals are decided by majority vote.[4][non-primary source needed] The length of the vice president's term of office is the same as the NPC, which is 5 years.[4] Since 2018, the vice president is required torecite theconstitutional oath of office before assuming office.[6]
The vice president's duties constitutionally include assisting the president, and exercise part of their functions and powers on behalf of the president.[4] The vice president also becomes the president in case the office becomes vacant until a new president is elected by the NPC.[4] In case the vice presidency becomes vacant, the NPC elects a new vice president.[5]
In practice, the position of the vice president is mostly ceremonial;[7] Vice presidentsHu Jintao,Zeng Qinghong andXi Jinping have been members of thePolitburo Standing Committee of theChinese Communist Party (CCP) and theCentral Secretariat, the country's main decision making bodies; these three served concurrently as thefirst secretary of the Secretariat, in charge of party affairs.
The vice president may play a major role in foreign affairs. For instance, the vice president generally sits on theCentral Foreign Affairs Commission, a policy coordination body of the CCP. The vice president has also typically sits on theCentral Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs. Therefore, while the vice president may not actually have substantive powers as defined in the Constitution, the office nonetheless carries significance and prestige. The holders of the office have all been individuals with a degree of political clout.[citation needed]
First Administration Second Administration Third Administration Hu–Wen Administration Xi–Li Administration/General secretaryship of Xi Jinping
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) Constituency | Term of office | NPC | Chairman | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Zhu De 朱德 (1886–1976) Sichuan at-large | 27 September 1954 | 27 April 1959 | I | Mao Zedong | |
| The first vice chairman of the People's Republic of China. | |||||||
| 2 | 
| Song Qingling 宋庆龄 (1893–1981) Shanghai at-large | Dong Biwu 董必武 (1886–1975) Hubei at-large | 27 April 1959 | 17 January 1975 | II · III | Liu Shaoqi |
| Served jointly as Vice Chairmen. | |||||||
| Vacancy by ascension and post abolished | |||||||
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) Constituency | Term of office | NPC | President | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 |  | Ulanhu 乌兰夫 (1906–1988) Inner Mongolia at-large | 18 June 1983 | 8 April 1988 | VI | Li Xiannian |
| An ethnic Mongol and former Chairman of Inner Mongolia, Ulanhu served as the first vice president under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China. | ||||||
| 4 |  | Wang Zhen 王震 (1908–1993) Xinjiang at-large | 8 April 1988 | 12 March 1993 | VII | Yang Shangkun |
| Wang Zhen, a Communist military leader, was perhaps best known for leading the People's Liberation Army into Xinjiang at the foundation of the People's Republic. In 1988 Wang assumed the title of vice-president in an honorary capacity, after his failed effort to put the conservativeDeng Liqun in the position of General Secretary. Wang was the second vice president under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China. He died in office. | ||||||
| 5 |  | Rong Yiren 荣毅仁 (1916–2005) Shanghai at-large | 12 March 1993 | 15 March 1998 | VIII | Jiang Zemin |
| A member of theChina National Democratic Construction Association, a recognized non-Communist political party in China, Rong served as the third vice president under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China. | ||||||
| 6 |  | Hu Jintao 胡锦涛 (born 1942) Guizhou at-large | 15 March 1998 | 15 March 2003 | IX | Jiang Zemin |
| Hu, the former party chief of Guizhou province and the Tibet Autonomous Region, served as the fourth vice president under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China. In his capacity as vice-president, Hu was probably best known for handling the aftermath of theUnited States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade. Hu was the first member of the Politburo Standing Committee to assume the post since the adoption of the 1982 constitution. In 2003, Hu became the first vice president to become president. | ||||||
| 7 |  | Zeng Qinghong 曾庆红 (born 1939) Jiangxi at-large | 15 March 2003 | 15 March 2008 | X | Hu Jintao |
| Zeng Qinghong, who had come to prominence as a political aide toJiang Zemin, served as the fifth vice president under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China. Also a member of thePolitburo Standing Committee, Zeng received an unusually high number of votes against him during his election for the vice-presidency. | ||||||
| 8 | .jpg) | Xi Jinping 习近平 (born 1953) Shanghai at-large | 15 March 2008 | 14 March 2013 | XI | Hu Jintao |
| Xi, the former party chief ofZhejiang, thenShanghai, became the sixth vice president under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China and the second vice president to become president. Also a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. | ||||||
| 9 |  | Li Yuanchao 李源潮 (born 1950) Jiangsu at-large | 14 March 2013 | 17 March 2018 | XII | Xi Jinping |
| Li, the former party chief ofJiangsu, became the seventh vice president under the 4th Constitution of the People's Republic of China. A member of the Politburo. In his capacity as vice-president, Li represented China at numerous international events of symbolic significance, such as theState Memorial Service of Nelson Mandela, and the state funeral ofLee Kuan Yew. | ||||||
| 10 | .jpg) | Wang Qishan 王岐山 (born 1948) Hunan at-large | 17 March 2018 | 10 March 2023 | XIII | Xi Jinping |
| Wang, a retired member of the Politburo Standing Committee and the former secretary of theCentral Commission for Discipline Inspection – China's top anti-corruption enforcer, was selected for the vice president post ostensibly for his experience in foreign affairs. Wang's assuming the post again made the vice-presidency a highly relevant office. | ||||||
| 11 | _01_(cropped).jpg) | Han Zheng 韩正 (born 1954) Shanghai at-large | 10 March 2023 | Incumbent | XIV | Xi Jinping |
| Han, a retired member of the Politburo Standing Committee and the former first-rankedVice-Premier of theState Council, was selected for the vice president post. | ||||||
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| Central government | |||||||||||
| United front | |||||||||||
| Politics of province-level divisions (current leaders) |
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