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Vexillological symbol

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Symbols used to describe flags
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Vexillological symbols are used byvexillologists to indicate certain characteristics offlags, such as where they are used, who uses them, and what they look like. The symbols were created by vexillologistWhitney Smith and then adopted by theInternational Federation of Vexillological Associations (FIAV) in the early 1970s.[1] Vexillologist Željko Heimer added the symbols forSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagnormal andSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flaghistorical in the early 1990s.[2]

Status and design symbols

[edit]

Vexillological symbols describe information on a flag's recognition status and design.

List of symbols
SymbolMeaning
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagNormal orde jure version of flag, or obverse side
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagDesign was proposed in the past, but never officially adopted
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagDesign is a reconstruction, based on past observation
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagReverse side of flag
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagAn acceptable variant of the standard flag
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagOne of several alternative versions of the flag that can be displayed
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagDe facto flag, widely accepted and used
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagFlag has different designs on its obverse side and its reverse side
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagObverse side meant to be hoisted with pole to the observer's right
Design officially authorized to represent nation by government of that nationDesign officially authorized to represent nation by government of that nation (not necessary to use when thede jure symbol is used)
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagDesign used in the past, but now abandoned
Reverse side is mirror image of obverse sideReverse side is mirror image of obverse side
Reverse side is congruent with obverse sideReverse side is congruent to the obverse side
Information on reverse side is not availableInformation on reverse side is not available
Flag can be hung vertically by hoisting on a normal pole, then turning the pole 90°Flag can be hung vertically by hoisting on a normal pole, then turning the pole 90°
Flag can be hung vertically by rotating the design firstFlag can be hung vertically by rotating the design first
Vertical hoist method of flag is unknownVertical hoist method of flag is unknown
Design has no element that can be rotatedDesign has no element which can be rotated
Flag can be hoisted vertically onlyFlag can only be hoisted vertically
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagFlag is not authorized to represent the group or country
Examples
  • Flag of Paraguay , The normal and two-sided symbols indicate this is the obverse side of an authorized flag, and that the reverse side is different.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagFlag of Paraguay
    The normal and two-sided symbols indicate this is the obverse side of an authorized flag, and that the reverse side is different.
  • Flag of Paraguay, The reverse, official, and two-sided symbols indicate this is the reverse side of an authorized flag, and that the obverse side is different.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagDesign officially authorized to represent nation by government of that nationSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagFlag of Paraguay
    The reverse, official, and two-sided symbols indicate this is the reverse side of an authorized flag, and that the obverse side is different.
  • Flag of France , The normal symbol indicates this is the official flag of the nation.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagFlag of France
    The normal symbol indicates this is the official flag of the nation.
  • Flag of France, The normal and variant symbols indicate this flag is an acceptable variant of the national flag.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagFlag of France
    The normal and variant symbols indicate this flag is an acceptable variant of the national flag.
  • Flag of Antarctica, The de facto symbol indicates the flag is widely accepted and used, but not codified by law.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagFlag of Antarctica
    Thede facto symbol indicates the flag is widely accepted and used, but not codified by law.
  • Royal Standard of Lesotho (1966–1987) , The historical symbol indicates that the design was used in the past but is no longer used.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagRoyal Standard of Lesotho (1966–1987)
    The historical symbol indicates that the design was used in the past but is no longer used.
  • Incorrect Variant of Royal Standard of Lesotho (1966–1987) , The reconstructed symbol indicates that this flag was drawn based purely on written sources.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagIncorrect Variant of Royal Standard of Lesotho (1966–1987)
    The reconstructed symbol indicates that this flag was drawn based purely on written sources.
  • Flag of Eswatini , The mirror symbol indicates that the reverse side of the flag is a mirrored version of the obverse side.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagReverse side is mirror image of obverse sideFlag of Eswatini
    The mirror symbol indicates that the reverse side of the flag is a mirrored version of the obverse side.
  • Flag of Eswatini with Black Tassels , The alternate symbol indicates that this is one of several other acceptable alternative variants of the flag. The Eswatini flag can have lighter colors and blue tassels as well.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagReverse side is mirror image of obverse sideFlag of Eswatini with Black Tassels
    The alternate symbol indicates that this is one of several other acceptable alternative variants of the flag. The Eswatini flag can have lighter colors and blue tassels as well.
  • Flag of Benelux , The no-flag symbol indicates that this flag cannot be officially used to represent the group or country.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagFlag of Benelux
    The no-flag symbol indicates that this flag cannot be officially used to represent the group or country.
  • Flag of Saudi Arabia , The sinister and equal symbols indicate that the national flag's hoist is on its right side and that its reverse and obverse sides are identical. The vertical inapplicable symbol indicates that the flag cannot have its elements rotated.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagReverse side is congruent with obverse sideDesign has no element that can be rotatedFlag of Saudi Arabia
    The sinister and equal symbols indicate that the national flag's hoist is on its right side and that its reverse and obverse sides are identical. The vertical inapplicable symbol indicates that the flag cannot have its elements rotated.
  • Hanging Flag of Saudi Arabia , The vertical exclusive symbol indicates that this version of the national flag can only be displayed vertically.
    Flag can be hoisted vertically onlyHanging Flag of Saudi Arabia
    The vertical exclusive symbol indicates that this version of the national flag can only be displayed vertically.

Usage symbols

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The usage symbols are based on a grid of two rows representing use on land and use on water, and three columns representing private use, public use, and military use. Each circle in the grid indicates the flag has one or more of the following six basic usages:

PrivatePublicMilitary
LandCivil flag

Flown by private citizens on land

State flag

Flown by the government on land

War flag

Flown by the military on land

WaterCivil ensign

Flown by private vessels

State ensign

Flown by government vessels

Naval ensign

Flown by military vessels

A single design may be associated with no usages or multiple usages. Heimer suggested an additional row for air ensigns, but it has not been adopted by FIAV. The air ensign row refers to flags displayed on aircraft, including when on the ground, and air installations. The air ensign row is placed above the remaining two rows.[3]

List of symbols
SymbolMeaningSymbolMeaning
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil flagSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagNational flag
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState flagSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagNational ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagWar flagSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState andwar flag, war ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState flag, civil and war ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil andstate flags and ensigns
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagWar ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState andwar flags and ensigns
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil andstate flagSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagNational flag,civil ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState andwar flagSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagNational flag,state ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil andstate ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagNational flag,civil andstate ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState andwar ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagNational flag,state andwar ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil flag andensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState andwar flag,national ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState flag andensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil andstate flag,national ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagWar flag andensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagNational flag and ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and war ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil flag, war ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil flag, state ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil flag, state and war ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil flag, civil and war ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil flag, civil and state ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil flag, national ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and war flag
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and war flag, war ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and war flag, state ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and war flag, state and war ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and war flag, civil ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and war flags and ensignsSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and war flag, civil and state ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and war flag, national ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and state flag, war ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and state flag, state ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and state flag, state and war ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and state flag, civil ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagCivil and state flag, civil and war ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState flag, war ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState flag, state and war ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState flag, civil ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState flag, state and civil ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState flag, national ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState flag and ensign, war flag
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState and war flag, civil ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState and war flag, civil and war ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagState and war flag, civil and state ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagWar flag, state ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagWar flag, state and war ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagWar flag, civil ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagWar flag, civil and war ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagWar flag, civil and state ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagWar flag, national ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagNational flag, war ensign
Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagNational flag, civil and war ensignSmall vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagOther
Examples
  • The civil flag and ensign of Serbia is used by Serbian citizens on land and sea
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag The civil flag and ensign of Serbia is used by Serbian citizens on land and sea
  • The state flag and ensign is used by the Serbian government on land and sea
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag The state flag and ensign is used by the Serbian government on land and sea
  • The war flag is used by the Serbian Army
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag The war flag is used by theSerbian Army
  • The naval ensign is used by the Serbian River Flotilla
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag The naval ensign is used by theSerbian River Flotilla

See also

[edit]
Basic topics
Types of flags
Color schemes
Design features
Organizations
In modern use
Historical
By function
Christograms,
Chrismons
Related
Lists offlags
State-related
Mobile military
Mobile civil service
Mobile civilian
Other entities
By design
(National)
By elements
By shape
By nations
Africa
Antarctica
Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
Names initalics indicatenon-sovereign (dependent) territories, disputed states and/or former countries.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"FIAV Flag Information Symbols".CRW Flags. Retrieved2022-10-20.
  2. ^"The FAME: Symbols and Abbreviations".zeljko-heimer-fame.from.hr. Retrieved2025-04-17.
  3. ^"The FAME: Symbols and Abbreviations".zeljko-heimer-fame.from.hr. Retrieved2022-10-21.
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