In 1758, in the10th edition ofSystema Naturae , the Swedishscientist andtaxonomist Carl Linnaeus described theclass "Vermes " as:[ 1]
Animals of slow motion, soft substance, able to increase their bulk and restore parts which have been destroyed, extremely tenacious of life, and the inhabitants of moist places. Many of them are without a distinct head, and most of them without feet. They are principally distinguished by their tentacles (or feelers). By the Ancients they were not improperly called imperfect animals, as being destitute of ears, nose, head, eyes and legs; and are therefore totally distinct from Insects.
Linnaean Characteristics [ 2]
Heart : 1 auricle, 0 ventricles. Cold,pus -like blood.Spiracles : obscureJaw : variousPenis : frequently hermaphroditesOrgans of Sense : tentacles (generally), eyes, no brain, no ears, no nostrilsCovering : calcareous or none, except spinesSupports : no feet, no fins. Crawls in moist places & are muteThe class Vermes, as Linnaeus conceived it, was a rather diverse and mismatched grouping of animals; basically it served as awastebasket taxon for any invertebrate species that was not an arthropod. With the advent of the scientific understanding of evolution, it became clear that many of the animals in these groups were not in fact closely related, and so the class Vermes was dropped for several (at least 30) phyla.
Gordius (horsehair worms )Thecommon earthworm was namedLumbricus terrestris in 1758. Furia Furia infernalis – Despite the many accounts of this purported animal by respected authorities, includingDaniel Solander and Linnaeus himself, it is now accepted that no such animal exists.[ 5] Lumbricus (earthworms )Ascaris (giant intestinal roundworms )Fasciola (liver flukes )Thesheep liver fluke was namedFasciola hepatica in 1758. Hirudo (leeches )Myxine (hagfishes )Teredo (shipworms )Theblack slug was namedLimax ater in 1758. Limax (terrestrial slugs )Doris (dorid nudibranchs )Tethys (tethydid sea slugs )Thebeadlet anemone was namedPriapus equinus in 1758. Nereis (polychaete worms )Nereis lacustris –Stylaria lacustris Nereis caerulea Nereis gigantea Nereis pelagica Nereis noctiluca Aphrodita (Sea mice )Aphrodita squamata Aphrodita aculeata Lernaea (anchor worms )Priapus (priapulid worms &anemones )Scyllaea (scyllaeid sea slugs )Holothuria (salps &Men o' War )Triton (triton snails )Thecommon cuttlefish was namedSepia officinalis in 1758. Sepia (octopuses ,squid , &cuttlefish )Themoon jellyfish was namedMedusa aurita in 1758. Medusa (jellyfish )Thehorned sea star was namedAsterias nodosa in 1758. Asterias (starfish )[ 14] Theblack sea urchin was namedEchinus lixula in 1758. Echinus (sea urchins &sand dollars )Chiton (chitons )Barnea candida Pholas candidus in 1758.Lepas (barnacles )Thecommon softshell was namedMyes arenaria in 1758. Pholas (piddocks & angelwings )Mya (soft-shell clams )Thepod razor was namedSolen siliqua in 1758. Solen (razor clams )Solen vagina Solen siliqua –Pod razor Solen ensis Solen legumen Solen cultellus Solen radiatus Solen strigilatus Solen anatinus Solen bullatus Solen inaequivalvis TheBaltic tellin was namedTellina balthica in 1758. Tellina (tellins )Tellina gargadia Tellina linguafelis Tellina virgata Tellina gari Tellina fragilis –Gastrana fragilis Tellina albida Tellina foliacea Tellina planata Tellina laevigata –smooth tellin Tellina radiata –sunrise tellin Tellina rostrata Tellina trifasciata Tellina incarnata Tellina donacina –Donax tellin Tellina balaustina Tellina remies Tellina scobinata Tellina lactea Tellina carnaria Tellina bimaculata Tellina balthica –Baltic tellin Tellina pisiformis Tellina divaricata Tellina digitaria Tellina cornea Thecommon cockle was namedCardium edule in 1758. Cardium (cockles )Cardium costatum Cardium cardissa Cardium hemicardium Cardium medium Cardium muricatum –Acanthocardia aculeata Cardium echinatum –Acanthocardia echinata Cardium ciliare Cardium tuberculatum –Acanthocardia tuberculata Cardium isocardia Cardium fragum Cardium unedo Cardium muricatum Cardium magnum Cardium flavum Cardium laevigatum Cardium serratum Cardium triste Cardium corallinum Cardium solidum Cardium edule –common cockle Cardium rusticum Cardium pectinatum Cardium stultorum Cardium virgineum Cardium humanum Donax (wedge shells )Thehard clam was namedVenus mercenaria in 1758. Donax pubescens Donax rugosa Donax trunculus Donax denticulata Donax cuneata Donax scripta Donax muricata Donax irus Thewarty venus was namedVenus verrucosa in 1758. Venus (Venus clams )Venus dione Venus marica Venus dysera Venus verrucosa –warty venus Venus casina Venus gallina –Chamelea gallina Venus petulca Venus erycina Venus mercenaria –hard clam Venus chione Venus maculata Venus meretrix Venus scortum Venus laeta Venus castrensis Venus phryne Venus meroë Venus deflorata Venus fimbriata Venus reticulata Venus squamosa Venus tigerina Venus prostrata Venus pensylvanica Venus incrustata Venus punctata Venus exoleta Venus orbicularis Venus ziczac Venus pectinata Venus scripta Venus edentula Venus lupinus Venus literata Venus rotundata Venus decussata Spondylus (thorny oysters )Spondylus gaederopus Spondylus regius Chama (jewel box shells )Chama lazarus Chama gigas Chama hippopus Chama antiquata Chama semiorbiculata Chama calyculata Chama cordata Chama oblonga Chama gryphoides Chama bicornis Arca (ark clams )Arca tortuosa Arca noae Arca barbata –Barbatia barbata Arca pella Arca lactea –Striarca lactea Arca antiquata Arca senilis Arca granosa Arca decussata Arca pallens Arca undata Arca pectunculus Arca glycymeris Arca nummaria Arca nucleus Theedible oyster was namedOstrea edulis in 1758. Ostrea (true oysters )Ostrea maxima Ostrea jacobaea Ostrea ziczac Ostrea striatula Ostrea minuta Ostrea pleuronectes Ostrea obliterata Ostrea radula Ostrea plica Ostrea pallium Ostrea nodosa Ostrea pes felis Ostrea pellucens Ostrea sanguinea Ostrea varia Ostrea pusio Ostrea glabra Ostrea opercularis Ostrea gibba Ostrea flavicans Ostrea fasciata Ostrea lima Ostrea isognomum Ostrea malleus Ostrea folium –Pycnodonta folium Ostrea orbicularis Ostrea edulis –edible oyster Ostrea semiaurita Ostrea ephippium Theblue mussel was namedMytilus edulis in 1758. Anomia (saddle oysters )Anomia craniolaris Anomia pectinata Anomia ephippium Anomia cepa Anomia electrica Anomia squamula –prickly jingle Anomia scobinata Anomia aurita Anomia retusa –Terebratulina retusa Anomia gryphus Anomia pecten Anomia striatula Anomia reticularis Anomia plicatella Anomia crispa Anomia lacunosa Anomia fareta Anomia caput serpentis Anomia terebratula Anomia angulata Anomia hysterita Anomia biloba Anomia placenta Mytilus – (Mussels including marine and freshwater mussels)Mytilus crista galli Mytilus hyotis Mytilus frons Mytilus margaritiferus –freshwater pearl mussel Mytilus unguis Mytilus lithophagus Mytilus bilocularis Mytilus exustus Mytilus barbatus Mytilus edulis –blue mussel Mytilus ungulatus Mytilus modiolus Mytilus cygneus –swan mussel (a freshwater mussel)Mytilus anatinus –duck mussel (a freshwater mussel)Mytilus viridis Mytilus ruber Mytilus hirundo Thechambered nautilus was namedNautilus pompilius in 1758. Pinna (pen shells )Pinna rudis –rough penshell Pinna nobilis Pinna muricata Pinna rotundata Pinna saccata Pinna digitiformis Pinna lobata Pinna pennacea Argonauta (paper nautiluses )Themarbled cone was namedConus marmoreus in 1758. Nautilus (Nautiluses )Nautilus pompilius –chambered nautilus Nautilus crista Nautilus calcar Nautilus crispus Nautilus beccarii Nautilus umbilicatus Nautilus spirula –Spirula spirula Nautilus Semi-Lituus Nautilus obliqvus Nautilus raphanistrum Nautilus raphanus Nautilus granum Nautilus radicula Nautilus fascia Nautilus sipunculus Nautilus legumen Nautilus orthocera TheGlory-of-the-Atlantic cone was namedConus granulatus in 1758. Conus (Cone Snails )TheArabian cowry was namedCypraea arabica in 1758. Thegnawed cowry was namedCypraea erosa in 1758. Thetiger cowry was namedCypraea tigris in 1758. Cypraea (Cowries )Bulla (bubble shells )Bulla ovum Bulla volva Bulla spelta Bulla verrucosa Bulla gibbosa Bulla naucum Bulla hydatis Bulla ampulla Bulla lignaria Bulla physis Bulla amplustre Bulla pallida Bulla canaliculata Bulla fontinalis Bulla hypnorum Bulla cypraea Bulla tornatilis Bulla achatin Bulla Auris Midae Bulla Auris Judae Bulla solidula Bulla livida Bulla coffea Mitra paupercula Voluta paupercula in 1758.Voluta (volutes )Voluta porphyria Voluta oliva Voluta ispidula Voluta persicula Voluta monilis Voluta miliaria Voluta faba Voluta glabella Voluta mercatoria Voluta rustica Voluta paupercula –Mitra paupercula Voluta mendicaria Voluta tringa Voluta cornicula Voluta caffra Voluta sanguisuga Voluta vulpecula Voluta plicaria Voluta pertusa Voluta mitra episcopalis Voluta mitra papalis Voluta musica –music volute Voluta vespertilio Voluta ebraea –Hebrew volute Voluta aethiopica –Melo aethiopica Voluta cymbium Voluta olla Thedog whelk was namedBuccinum lapillus in 1758. Thecommon whelk was namedBuccinum undatum in 1758. Buccinum (true whelks )Thepelican's foot was namedStrombus pes pelecani in 1758. Strombus (true conchs )Thebanded dye murex was namedMurex trunculus in 1758. Murex (Murex Snails )Trochus (top snails )Thegreat green turban was namedTurbo marmoratus in 1758. TheWest Indian top shell was namedTurbo pica in 1758. Turbo (turban snails )TheRoman snail was namedHelix pomatia in 1758. Thecommon purple snail was namedHelix janthina in 1758. Thegreat pond snail was namedHelix stagnalis in 1758. Helix (land snails )Helix scarabaeus Helix lapicida Helix oculus capri Helix albella Helix striatula Helix algira –Zonites algirus Helix leucas Helix planorbis Helix complanata Helix ringens Helix carocolla Helix cornu militare Helix vortex Helix scabra –Littoraria scabra Helix gothica Helix gualtierana Helix cornea Helix spirorbis Helix contorta Helix cornu arietis Helix hispida Helix ampullacea Helix pomatia –Roman snail Helix glauca Helix citrina Helix arbustorum Helix ungulina Helix itala Helix hispana Helix lutaria –Helix lutescens Helix perversa Helix janthina –common purple snail Helix vivipara –Viviparus contectus Helix nemoralis –grove snail Helix lucorum Helix grisea Helix haemastoma Helix decollata –decollate snail Helix pupa Helix barbara Helix amarula Helix stagnalis –great pond snail Helix fragilis Helix putris Helix limosa Helix tentaculata –common bithynia Helix auricularia –big-ear radix Helix balthica Helix neritoidea Helix perspicua Helix haliotoidea Helix ambigua Theblotched nerite was namedNerita albicilla in 1758. Shell & opercula ofNerita peloronta Nerita (nerites )Thevirgin paua was namedHaliotis marmorata in 1758. Haliotis (abalones )The brachiopodLingula anatina Patella unguis in 1758. Theblue-rayed limpet was namedPatella pellucida in 1758. Patella (true limpets &brachiopods )Dentalium (tusk shells )Dentalium elephantinum Dentalium dentalis Dentalium entalis –Antalis entalis Dentalium minutum Serpula (serpulid worms )Tubipora (organ pipe corals )Theorgan pipe coral was namedTubipora musica in 1758. Tubipora musica –Organ pipe coral Tubipora infundibuliformis Tubipora verrucosa Tubipora urceus Tubipora serpens Tubipora repens Tubipora arenosa Millepora (Fire corals )Millepora cellulosa Millepora lichenoides Millepora damicornis Millepora alcicornis Millepora reticulata Millepora lineata Millepora compressa Millepora muricata Millepora eschara Millepora crustacea Madrepora (stone corals )Madrepora acetabulum –Acetabularia acetabulum Madrepora verrucaria Madrepora turbinata Madrepora fungites Madrepora pileus Madrepora maeandrites Madrepora labyrinthiformis Madrepora areolata Madrepora punctata Madrepora agaricites Madrepora truncata Madrepora stellaris Madrepora polygama Madrepora favosa Madrepora astroites Madrepora organum Madrepora flexuosa Madrepora turbinata Madrepora fascicularis Madrepora ananas Madrepora pertusa Madrepora ramea Madrepora rubra Madrepora oculata Madrepora virginea Isis (soft corals )Isis hippuris Isis dichotoma Isis ocracea Isis anastatica Isis encrinus Gorgonia (sea fans )Gorgonia spiralis Gorgonia ventalina –Common Sea Fan Gorgonia flabellum –Venus Sea Fan Gorgonia antipathes Gorgonia ceratophyta Gorgonia pinnata Gorgonia aenea Gorgonia placomus Gorgonia abies Alcyonium (soft corals )Alcyonium arboreu Alcyonium digitatu Alcyonium bursa Tubularia (Tubularia )Eschara (Bryozoa )Eschara foliacea Eschara fistulosa Eschara fragilis Eschara divaricata Eschara verticillata Corallina (coralline algae )Corallina opuntia Corallina officinalis Corallina squamata Corallina corniculata Corallina barbata Corallina fragilissima Corallina rubens –Jania rubens Corallina cristata Corallina spermophoros Corallina penicillus Sertularia (Bryozoa )Sertularia rosacea Sertularia pumila Sertularia operculata Sertularia tamarisca Sertularia abietina Sertularia cupressina Sertularia argentea Sertularia avicularia Sertularia rugosa Sertularia halecina Sertularia thuja Sertularia eburnea –Crisia eburnea Sertularia cornuta Sertularia myriophyllum Sertularia falcata Sertularia pluma Sertularia antennina Sertularia verticillata Sertularia volubilis Sertularia cuscuta Sertularia uva –Walkeria uva Sertularia lendigera Sertularia geniculata Sertularia dichotoma Sertularia spinosa Sertularia pinnata Sertularia polyzonias Sertularia setacea Sertularia stipulata Sertularia pennaria Sertularia lichenastrum Sertularia cedrina Sertularia purpurea Sertularia flexuosa Sertularia bursaria Sertularia loricata Sertularia fastigiata Sertularia neritina –Bugula neritina Sertularia scruposa Sertularia reptans Sertularia ciliata Sertularia chelata Sertularia anguina –Aetea anguina Sertularia polypina Hydra Hydra polypus Hydra campanulata Hydra socialis Hydra stentoria Hydra pyraria Hydra convallaria Hydra crataegaria Hydra opercularia Hydra umbellaria Hydra berberina Hydra digitalis Pennatula (sea pens )Thechlorophyte Volvox Volvox globator &Volvox chaos Pennatula phosphorea Pennatula filosa Pennatula sagitta Pennatula mirabilis Taenia (tapeworms )Taenia solium Taenia vulgaris Taenia lata Taenia canina Volvox ^ Carl von Linné , translated byWilliam Turton (1806).Volume 4: Worms ^ Carl von Linné , translated byWilliam Turton (1806).Volume 1 ^ "Gordius aquaticus" .TheEncyclopedia of Life .^ F. E. G. Cox (2002)."History of Human Parasitology" .Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15 (4):595– 612.doi :10.1128/CMR.15.4.595-612.2002 .PMC 126866 PMID 12364371 . ^ Arthur de Capell Brooke (1827)."On theFuria infernalis " .Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 3 :39– 43.^ "Erpobdella octoculata (Linnaeus 1758)" .Fauna Europaea the original on June 4, 2011. RetrievedJanuary 11, 2011 .^ Martin Lindsey Christoffersen (2009)."A catalogue ofHelobdella (Annelida, Clitellata, Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae), with a summary of leech diversity, from South America" (PDF) .Neotropical Biology and Conservation 4 (2):89– 98.doi :10.4013/nbc.2009.42.04 ^a b [1] [permanent dead link ^ WoRMS (2010)."Pontobdella muricata (Linnaeus, 1758)" .World Register of Marine Species . RetrievedJanuary 11, 2011 . ^a b c G. Boxshall (2010). T. C. Walter & G. Boxshall (ed.)."Lernaea Linnaeus, 1758" .World Copepoda database .World Register of Marine Species . RetrievedOctober 4, 2010 . ^ P. Bouchet (2010)."Sepia octopodia Linnaeus, 1758" .World Register of Marine Species . RetrievedJanuary 11, 2011 . ^ "Archived copy" . Archived fromthe original on 2012-03-04. Retrieved2010-12-19 .{{cite web }}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )^ "Archived copy" . Archived fromthe original on March 4, 2016. RetrievedDecember 19, 2010 .{{cite web }}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link )^ C. Mah & H. Hansson (2010). C. L. Mah (ed.)."Asterias Linnaeus, 1758" .World Asteroidea database .World Register of Marine Species . RetrievedJanuary 11, 2011 . ^ Carl August Nilsson-Cantell (1978).Cirripedia Thoracica and Acrothoracica . Issue 5 of Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia. Universitetsforlag. p. 57.ISBN 978-82-00-01670-0 ^ Dora P. Henry & Patsy A. McLaughlin (1986)."The Recent species ofMegabalanus (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) with special emphasis onBalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus) sensu lato" (PDF ) .Zoologische Verhandelingen 235 :1– 69, figs. 1–14. ^ Michael G. Frick & Arnold Ross (2001)."Will the realChelonibia testudinaria please come forward: an appeal" .Marine Turtle Newsletter .94 :16– 17. ^ T. Y. Leung & D. S. Jones (2000)."Barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracia) from epibenthis substrata in the shallow offshore waters of Hong Kong" . In Brian Morton (ed.).The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China V .Hong Kong University Press . pp. 105– 127.ISBN 978-962-209-525-0 ^ WoRMS (2010)."Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758" .World Register of Marine Species . RetrievedAugust 30, 2010 . ^ Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M."Volvox globator " .AlgaeBase University of Galway .
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