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Vedanta Desika

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indian philosopher, polymath, and Vaishnava guru (1268–1369)

Vedanta Desika
Personal life
BornVenkatanathan
1268 CE
Thoopul (Thiruthanka) (present-dayKanchipuram District,Tamil Nadu,India)
Died1369
HonorsSarvatantra Svatantrar,Kavitarkiga Simham,Vedantacharyar
Religious life
ReligionHinduism
PhilosophyRamanuja'sVishistadvaita
Religious career
GuruAtreya Ramanuja
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Hindu philosophy
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Vaishnavism
Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet.
Supreme deity

Vedanta Desika (1268–1369[1]), also renderedVedanta Desikan,Swami Vedanta Desika, andThoopul Nigamantha Desikan, was an Indianpolymath who wrote philosophical as well as religious and poetical works in several languages, includingSanskrit,Manipravaḷam (a Sanskritised form of literary Tamil),Tamil andPrakrit.[2] He was anIndian philosopher,Sri Vaishnavaguru, and one of the most brilliant stalwarts of Sri Vaishnavism in the post-Ramanuja period.[3] He was aHindu devotee,poet, Master of Acharyas (desikan) and alogician andmathematician. He was the disciple ofKidambi Appullar, also known as Athreya Ramanujachariar, who himself was of a master-disciple lineage that began with Ramanuja.[4] Vedanta Desika is considered to beavatar (incarnation) of the divine bell ofVenkateshvara ofTirumala by theVadakalai sect of Sri Vaishnavism. Vedanta Desika belongs toVishvamitra/Kaushika gotra.[5]

On the occasion of 750th anniversary of the life of Vedanta Desika, the Indian postal department unveiled a stamp to commemorate the great philosopher's life and highly valued works. The stamp was unveiled byVenkaiah Naidu, Vice President of India in May 2019.

Philosophy

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Vedanta Desika significantly shapedVishishtadvaita Vedanta by integrating the philosophical insights ofPurva Mimamsa andUttara Mimamsa, aligning ritual and metaphysics within Vedic orthodoxy. He positioned Purva Mimamsa (Mimamsa, focused on ritual and ethics) as foundational to Uttara Mimamsa (Vedanta, focused on ultimate reality), thereby bridging ritual practice with philosophical insight. Desika used Mimamsa's interpretive methods to blend Vedic andPancharatra traditions, showing them as unified expressions of one truth.[6]

Desika upheld the Alvars' devotional elements by incorporating Tamil hymnology and Pancharatra theologies, making devotion a central aspect of philosophical discourse.[7] His work solidified and expanded Ramanuja's teachings and refined Vishistadvaita as a balanced system of metaphysics, devotion, and ritual continuity.[6]

Desika composed his poems in various poetic metres. Vedic literature is written in the form of hymns set rhythmically to different metres, called ‘chandas’. Each metre is governed by the number of syllables specific to it. Poets are expected to conform to these norms in their compositions. Desika has employed 22 metres in the 862 verses he composed on presiding deities of various temples in India. The following are some of the compositions of Vedanta Desika that provide a glimpse of his mastery over poetry, logic, grammar and philosophy[8]

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^College, F.X.C.P.C.T.B. (2001).Hindu God, Christian God : How Reason Helps Break Down the Boundaries between Religions: How Reason Helps Break Down the Boundaries between Religions. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 55.ISBN 978-0-19-803169-7. Retrieved18 February 2018.
  2. ^"Veṅkaṭanātha | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy". Retrieved2 October 2021.
  3. ^Raman, Srilata (2020). "Reflections on the King of Ascetics (Yatirāja): Rāmānuja in the Devotional Poetry of Vedānta Deśika". In Goodall, Dominic; Hatley, Shaman; Isaacson, Harunaga; Raman, Srilata (eds.).Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions: Essays in Honour of Alexis G.J.S. Sanderson. Gonda Indological Studies. Vol. 22.Leiden:Brill Publishers. pp. 194–213.doi:10.1163/9789004432802_010.ISBN 978-90-04-43266-6.S2CID 225367594.
  4. ^Iyyangar, V.R. (1981).Venkatesa and Vedanta Desika Dayasatakam: With Meaning and Commentary by V. Rangaswamy Iyyangar. Rangaswamy Iyyangar. p. 4. Retrieved18 February 2018.
  5. ^Mudumby Narasimhachary (2004).Śrī Vedānta Deśika. Sahitya Akademi. p. 9.ISBN 978-81-260-1890-1.
  6. ^ab"Veṅkaṭanātha | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy". Retrieved9 November 2024.
  7. ^Hopkins, Steven Paul (18 April 2002).Singing the Body of God: The Hymns of Vedantadesika in Their South Indian Tradition. Oxford University Press. pp. 41–45.ISBN 978-0-19-802930-4.
  8. ^Dasgupta, Surendranath (1940).A History Of Indian Philosophy Vol. 3. pp. 119–124.

Further reading

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External links

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