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Varman dynasty (Cambodia)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ruling dynasty of ancient Cambodia

Varman dynasty
រាជវង្សវរ្ម័ន
Parent familyHouse of Kaundinya (lunar)
House of Kambuj (solar)
House of Mahidharapura
CountryFunan
Chenla
Khmer Empire
EtymologyVarman
Foundedlate 1st century
FounderKaundinyavarmandeva
Final headJayavarmadiparamesvara
Historic seatVyadhapura
TitlesKing of Funan
King of Chenla
King of the Khmer Empire
Members55
Connected membersJayavarman II
Suryavarman II
Jayavarman VII
EstateYasodharapura
Dissolution1336
Cadet branchesHouse of Mahidharapura

TheVarman dynasty (Khmer:រាជវង្សវរ្ម័ន) was the rulingdynasty ofancient Cambodia.

History

[edit]

The Varman Dynasty was established by KingKaundinyavarmandeva (Khmer: កៅណ្ឌិន្យវរ្ម័នទេវ), who marriedQueen Soma (Khmer: សោមា), who ruled the indigenous kingdom and established her spouse as the king of the Nokor Phnom orFunan kingdom, forming the Varman dynasty. There is evidence in the Sanskrit stone inscription mentioning that the Brahmin Kaundinya who received the magic spear from the BrahminAshwatthama (Sanskrit: अश्वत्थामा,Roman: Aśvatthāmā), the son ofDrona (Sanskrit: द्रोण, Roman: Droṇa), had arrived in the kingdom of theNāga (IAST: nāga;Devanāgarī: नाग) tribe and had finally waged a war and negotiated with them peacefully. Through marriage, Kaundinya Brahmin therefore was established as King Kaundinyavarmandeva (Khmer: កៅណ្ឌិន្យទី១), the first King of the Varman Dynasty.[1]

Zhou Daguan, the Chinese diplomat during the reign Emperor Nian Chengzong of theYuan dynasty traveled to Angkor in 1296 to record the traditions and places, including the royal family and court traditions which corresponds to the reign of KingIndravarman III (ឥន្ទ្រវរ្ម័នទី៣). Zhou Daquan was not the first Chinese to enter the kingdom but made the most detailed record of the lives of the Angkorians known as Zhenla Feng Tuji (Chenla Tradition Record). This record is an important record about Angkor and the Khmer Empire. In addition to the stone inscriptions and other documents depicting the daily lives of the residents of Angkor. From this record, the order of kings in the Varman dynasty is known in detail, which later became the original version of the Cambodian royal chronicles.[2][3]

Monarchs of the Varman dynasty

[edit]
KingdomTitleReignRoyal HouseNotes
Funan KingdomQueen Soma (Liu-Yeh)late 1st cent.
Funan KingdomKaundinyavarmandevalate 1st cent.
Funan KingdomHun P'an-huanglate 2nd cent.Fàn dynastyFounder of Vyadhapura, "city of the hunter king"[4]
Funan KingdomSrei Meara (Fàn Shīmàn)205–225Fàn dynastyHe was the first king from Fàn dynasty.
Funan KingdomFàn Jīnshēng225Fàn dynasty
Funan KingdomFàn Zhān225–244Fàn dynasty
Funan KingdomFàn Chāng244Fàn dynasty
Funan KingdomFàn Xún244–289Fàn dynasty
Funan KingdomFàn Tiānzhú289–357Fàn dynasty
Funan KingdomChandana (Chu Chān-t’án)357–410Murunda
Funan KingdomKaundinya II410~434Kaundinya
Funan KingdomSrindravarman434~478Kaundinya
Funan KingdomKaundinyajayavarman478 - 514Kaundinya
Funan KingdomRudravarman I514—540KaundinyaThe last Funan King
Funan KingdomQueen Kulaprabhavati514—517KaundinyaClaimed to the throne (529—550)
SreshthapuraSrutavarman550–555Kambuj
SreshthapuraSreshthavarman555–560Kambuj
SreshthapuraQueen Kambujarajalakshmi575–580Kambuj
BhavapuraViravarman560–575Bhavapura
Chenla KingdomBhavavarman I550—590BhavapuraFirst King of the Chenla Kingdom
Chenla KingdomMahendravarman590—611Bhavapura
Chenla KingdomHiranyavarman I~611BhavapuraHe reigned at the same time as Mahendravarman.
Chenla Kingdom
(Isanapura)
Isanavarman I611–640VyadhapuraIsanapura was found in 618 AD. Annexation of Funan was complete.
Chenla KingdomBhavavarman II639–657Vyadhapura
Chenla KingdomJayavarman I640—681Vyadhapura
Chenla KingdomQueenJayadevi690—713Vyadhapura
SambhupuraSambhuvarman I713–716Sambhupura
AninditapuraBaladítyaUnknownBaladityapuraFounder of Baladityapura
AninditapuraVisvarupaUnknownBaladityapura
AninditapuraNripatindravarmanUnknownBaladityapura
AninditapuraIndraloka716–730Baladityapura
AninditapuraSambhuvarman II730–760Baladityapura
SambhupuraRajendravarman I760–790Baladityapura
SambhupuraMahipativarman790-802BaladityapuraJavanese Kingdom occupied the Chenla Kingdom.
Khmer Empire
(Indrapura)
Jayavarman II802—850House of SambhupuraFirst King of Khmer Empire, declared himself as Emperor at Mahendraparvata.
Khmer EmpireJayavardhana850–877SambhupuraHe reigned the throne at Hariharalaya.
Khmer EmpireIndravarman I877–889BaladityapuraHe reigned the throne at Hariharalaya.
Khmer EmpireYasovarman I889—910YasodharapuraFounder ofYasodharapura
Khmer EmpireHarshavarman I910–925Yasodharapura
Khmer EmpireIshanavarman II925–928Yasodharapura
Khmer EmpireJayavarman IV928–941Yasodharapura
Khmer EmpireHarshavarman II941–944Yasodharapura
Khmer EmpireRajendravarman II944–968Yasodharapura
Khmer EmpireJayavarman V968–1001Yasodharapura
Khmer EmpireUdayadityavarman I1001–1002Yasodharapura
Khmer EmpireJayaviravarman
(Narapativiravarman)
1002—1010YasodharapuraSuryavarman I was son of King Jivaka of Shailendra dynasty, who usurped the throne.
Khmer EmpireSuryavarman I
(Kambojaraja)
1002—1050ShailendraHis father was Jivaka (Sujitaraja), King ofTam-bralinga. He claimed the throne through his mother, a royal member descended from Fàn dynasty.
Khmer EmpireUdayadityavarman II1050-1066Shailendra
Khmer EmpireHarshavarman III1066-1088Shailendra
Khmer EmpireNripatindravarman1088–1113ShailendraHe was the last king from Shailendra dynasty.
Khmer EmpireJayavarman VI1082–1107House ofMahidharapuraHe usurped the throne from Vimayapura.
He was the first king from the House of Mahidharapura. He built PrasatPhimai.
Khmer EmpireDharanindravarman I1107–1113MahidharapuraHe reigned the throne from Vimayapura.
Khmer EmpireSuryavarman II1113–1145MahidharapuraHe was the first king from the House of Mahidharapura, who reigned in Yasodharapura.
Khmer EmpireDharanindravarman II1150–1160Mahidharapura
Khmer EmpireYasovarman II1160–1165House of MahidharapuraHe was seized the throne by King Tribhuvanadityavarman, a Chinese nobleman.
Khmer EmpireTribhuvanadityavarman1165–1177He was executed during Champa attacked Angkor.
Khmer EmpireJayavarman VII1181~1215House of MahidharapuraHe successfully expelled Champa and established Angkor Thom as the capital.
Khmer EmpireIndravarman II~1215-1243Mahidharapura
Khmer EmpireJayavarman VIII1243–1295Mahidharapura
Khmer EmpireSrindravarman1295–1307Mahidharapura
Khmer EmpireSrindrajayavarman1308–1327Mahidharapura
Khmer EmpireJayavarman Paramesvara1327–1336House of MahidharapuraThe last King of Cambodia whose name appears on a Sanskrit stone inscription
End of rule by the House of Mahidharapura

References

[edit]
  1. ^Kaundinya,Preah thong,and_the "Nagi Soma" jstor.org.com
  2. ^Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014). From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossab
  3. ^Zhou Daguan (2007). A Record of Cambodia. Translated by Peter Harris. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-9749511244.
  4. ^Hall, K. R. (1982). The “Indianization” of Funan: An Economic History of Southeast Asia's First State. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 13(1), 81–106.http://www.jstor.org/stable/20070472
Funan Kingdom
(68 CE–550)
Chenla Kingdom
(550–802)
Bhavapura
Sambhupura
Khmer Empire
(802–1431)
Mahidharapura dynasty
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