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Valproate pivoxil

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chemical compound

Pharmaceutical compound

Valproate pivoxil
Clinical data

Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	none
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
IUPAC name [(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]methyl 2-propylpentanoate
CAS Number	77372-61-3^N
PubChemCID	71160
ChemSpider	64301^Y
UNII	9F5A05A29T
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)	DTXSID40228089
ECHA InfoCard	100.071.502
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₄H₂₆O₄
Molar mass	258.358 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C(OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C(CCC)CCC
InChI InChI=1S/C14H26O4/c1-6-8-11(9-7-2)12(15)17-10-18-13(16)14(3,4)5/h11H,6-10H2,1-5H3^Y Key:DJEFRLDEQKSNLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Valproate pivoxil (Pivadin,Valproxen) is ananticonvulsant used in the treatment ofepilepsy.^[1] It is thepivaloyloxymethyl ester derivative ofvalproic acid.^[2] It is likely aprodrug ofvalproic acid, as pivoxil esters are commonly employed to make prodrugs in medicinal chemistry.

See also

References

^Triggle DJ (1997).Dictionary of pharmacological agents. London: Chapman & Hall.ISBN 0-412-46630-9.
^Hall JA, Morton IK (1999).Concise dictionary of pharmacological agents: properties and synonyms. Kluwer Academic. p. 342.ISBN 0-7514-0499-3.

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Anticonvulsants (N03)

GABA_AR PAMs	Barbiturates:Barbexaclone Metharbital Methylphenobarbital Pentobarbital Phenobarbital^# Primidone;Carbamates:Cenobamate Felbamate;Benzodiazepines:Clobazam Clonazepam Clorazepate Diazepam^# Lorazepam^# Midazolam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Temazepam;Others:Bromide (potassium bromide,sodium bromide) Imepitoin Paraldehyde Stiripentol
GABA-T inhibitors	Fatty acids (and related):Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil Vigabatrin
Others	GABAR agonists:Progabide;GAT-1 inhibitors:Tiagabine

Channel
modulators

Sodium blockers	Hydantoins:Ethotoin Fosphenytoin Mephenytoin Phenytoin^#;Ureides:Acetylpheneturide Chlorphenacemide Phenacemide^‡ Pheneturide;Fatty acids:Valproate Valpromide Valproate pivoxil;Carboxamides: Carbamazepine^# Eslicarbazepine acetate Oxcarbazepine;Others:Lacosamide Lamotrigine^# Rufinamide Topiramate Zonisamide
Calcium blockers	Oxazolidinediones:Ethadione Paramethadione Trimethadione;Succinimides:Ethosuximide^# Mesuximide Phensuximide;Gabapentinoids:Gabapentin Pregabalin;Others:Imepitoin Lamotrigine^# Topiramate Zonisamide
Potassium openers	Retigabine

Others

CA inhibitors	Sulfonamides:Acetazolamide Ethoxzolamide Sultiame Topiramate Zonisamide
Others	Albutoin Beclamide Brivaracetam Cannabidiol Carisbamate Etiracetam Fenfluramine Ganaxolone Levetiracetam Perampanel

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

v t e Mood stabilizers
Anticonvulsants	Carbamazepine Lamotrigine Oxcarbazepine Valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valpromide
Atypical antipsychotics	Aripiprazole Asenapine Cariprazine Clozapine Lurasidone Olanzapine (+fluoxetine) Paliperidone Quetiapine Risperidone Ziprasidone
Others	Ketamine Lithium (lithium acetate,lithium carbonate,lithium chloride,lithium citrate,lithium hydroxide,lithium orotate) Omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid)

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GABATooltip γ-Aminobutyric acidmetabolism andtransport modulators

GATTooltip GABA transporter	Inhibitors:4-Aminovaleric acid β-Alanine Arecaidine CI-966 DABA Deramciclane (EGIS-3886, EGYT-3886) Dihydromuscimol EF-1502 Gabaculine Guvacine Ibotenic acid Muscimol Nipecotic acid NNC 05-2090 NO-711 Riluzole SKF-89976A SNAP-5114 TACA THAO Thio-THIP Thio-THPO THPO Tiagabine
VIAATTooltip Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter	Inhibitors:β-Alanine Bafilomycin A1 Chicago sky blue 6B Evans blue GABA Glycine N-Butyric acid Nigericin Nipecotic acid Valinomycin Vigabatrin

GADTooltip Glutamate decarboxylase	Inhibitors:3-Mercaptopropionic acid AAOA L-Allylglycine Semicarbazide Activators:3-Methyl-GABA
GABA-TTooltip γ-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase	Inhibitors:3-Hydrazinopropionic acid DABA γ-Acetylenic-GABA AOAA EOS Gabaculine Isoniazid L-Cycloserine Phenelzine PEH Rosmarinic acid (lemon balm) Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium (divalproex sodium) Valproic acid Valpromide Vigabatrin Activators:3-Methyl-GABA

Other

Antivitamin B6	Ginkgotoxin

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators; GABA receptor modulators; GABA_A receptor positive modulators; Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators

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Histone deacetylase inhibitors

See also:Receptor/signaling modulators

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Ion channel modulators

VDCCsTooltip Voltage-dependent calcium channels

R-type-selective:SNX-482

L-type-selective:Bay K8644

VGKCsTooltip Voltage-gated potassium channels

KCNQ (K_v7)-specific:Flupirtine
Retigabine

IRKsTooltip Inwardly rectifying potassium channel

K_ATPTooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel-specific:Acetohexamide
Carbutamide
Chlorpropamide
Glibenclamide (glyburide)
Glibornuride
Glicaramide
Gliclazide
Glimepiride
Glipizide
Gliquidone
Glisoxepide
Glyclopyramide
Glycyclamide
Metahexamide
Mitiglinide
Nateglinide
Repaglinide
Tolazamide
Tolbutamide

GIRKTooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel-specific:Barium
Caramiphen
Cloperastine
Clozapine
Dextromethorphan
Ethosuximide
Ifenprodil
Tertiapin
Tipepidine

K_ATPTooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel-specific:Aprikalim
Bimakalim
Cromakalim
Diazoxide
Emakalim
Levcromakalim
Mazokalim
Minoxidil
Minoxidil sulfate
Naminidil
Nicorandil
Pinacidil
Rilmakalim
Sarakalim

GIRKTooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel-specific:ML-297 (VU0456810)

K_CaTooltip Calcium-activated potassium channel

Blockers	BK_Ca-specific:Ethanol (alcohol) GAL-021
Activators	BK_Ca-specific:Flufenamic acid Meclofenamic acid Niflumic acid Nimesulide Rottlerin (mallotoxin) Tolfenamic acid

K2PsTooltip Tandem pore domain potassium channel

Blockers	12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate Arachidonic acid Fluoxetine Norfluoxetine
Activators	Riluzole

VGSCsTooltip Voltage-gated sodium channels

Antianginals:Ranolazine

Aconitine
Atracotoxins (ω-Atracotoxin,Robustoxin,Versutoxin)
Batrachotoxin
Ciguatoxins
Grayanotoxins
Poneratoxin

ENaCTooltip Epithelial sodium channel

Blockers	Amiloride Benzamil Triamterene
Activators	Solnatide

ASICsTooltip Acid-sensing ion channel

Blockers	A-317567 Amiloride Aspirin Ibuprofen PcTX1

CaCCsTooltip Calcium-activated chloride channel

Blockers	Crofelemer DIDS Ethacrynic acid Flufenamic acid Fluoxetine Furosemide Glibenclamide Mefloquine Mibefradil Niflumic acid
Activators	Carbachol

CFTRTooltip Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

Blockers	Glibenclamide Lonidamine Piretanide
Activators	1,7-Phenanthroline 1,10-Phenanthroline 4,7-Phenanthroline 7,8-Benzoquinoline Ivacaftor Phenanthridine

Unsorted

Blockers	Bumetanide Flufenamic acid Meclofenamic acid Mefenamic acid Mepacrine Niflumic acid Talniflumate Tolfenamic acid Trifluoperazine

Others

TRPsTooltip Transient receptor potential channels	Seehere instead.
LGICsTooltip Ligand gated ion channels	Seehere instead.

See also:Receptor/signaling modulators •Transient receptor potential channel modulators

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