TheVaccine Taskforce in theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was set up in April 2020 by theSecond Johnson ministry, in collaboration withChief Scientific AdvisorPatrick Vallance andChief Medical OfficerProfessor Chris Whitty, in order to facilitate the path towards the introduction of aCOVID-19 vaccine in the UK and its global distribution.[1] The taskforce coordinated the research efforts of government with industry, academics and funding agencies in order to expedite vaccine development and deployment.[2][3]
The minister responsible for the body was theSecretary of State for Health and Social Care, although the body was a joint unit of theDepartment of Health and Social Care and theDepartment for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. Oversight was by theParliamentary Under-Secretary of State for COVID-19 Vaccine Deployment, and in November 2020 the first person to take this role wasNadhim Zahawi MP.
The Vaccine Taskforce closed in autumn 2022. Its role in vaccine supply was merged into theUK Health Security Agency, and its work in bringing vaccine manufacture in-country transferred to theOffice for Life Sciences.[4]
The body was set up in April 2020 by the Government's Chief Scientific Advisor, Sir Patrick Vallance.[5]
On 16 May 2020, venture capitalistKate Bingham was named to chair the body.[1] On 1 July, Bingham told theScience and Technology Select Committee thatSarah Gilbert and "Oxford University (are) leading the world in developing a vaccine againstCOVID-19 and offers the best chance of having something protective against the virus as we go into winter."[6]
On 12 September, it came to light thatSir John Bell was a member of the body.[7]
On 14 October, the chair managed public expectation by stating that a vaccine for COVID-19 was expected to be no moreefficacious than theflu vaccine, which immunises against the influenza virus with around 50 per cent success. Bingham added: "We shouldn't assume it's going to be better than a flu vaccine, because that's an equivalent – it's a mutating … respiratory virus that gets in through the nose and eyes and respiratory tract".[8]
Speaking toBBC Scotland'sThe Seven on 17 October, Bingham said that the government would have to arrive at an agreement with theJoint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) as to how any COVID-19 vaccine should be distributed; the staff of care homes and the elderly are likely to be prioritised. She stated that initially there would be a limited supply any COVID-19 vaccine.[9]
On 18 October 2020,SAGE committee member, SirJeremy Farrar, commented onSophy Ridge On Sunday that the Vaccine Taskforce "has done an absolutely extraordinary job" and the country is in an "extraordinarily strong position" with regard to the line-up of possible vaccines.[10]
A government press release of 20 October shed further light on the initial formation of the taskforce, stating that it was created under the auspices of theDepartment for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) in May 2020.[11]Nadhim Zahawi was appointed to the new role ofParliamentary Under-Secretary of State for COVID-19 Vaccine Deployment on 28 November 2020, with responsibility for the taskforce.[12] On 1 March 2021, ministerial responsibility transferred from BEIS to theSecretary of State for Health and Social Care, and the taskforce became a joint unit of BEIS and theDepartment of Health and Social Care.[13]
On 14 June 2021, the microbiologistSir Richard Sykes was appointed chair of the Vaccine Taskforce.[14]
As of June 2022[update], the director-general of the taskforce is Madelaine McTernan.[4]
In June 2021, theDepartment for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy confirmed in response to aFreedom of Information Act request that the taskforce's formal steering group had been disbanded, with the taskforce now being managed by a senior leadership team of civil servants and experts, with Sir Richard Sykes as its external chair.[15]
Until November 2020, the membership of the taskforce was unknown. AFreedom of Information Act request to obtain the membership was responded to with three pages of redacted names.[16] As of that month, the steering group was made up of:[17]
On 20 October 2020, theFinancial Times reported that potential COVID-19 vaccines would be selected for testing by the taskforce towards the end of the first quarter of 2021, but this was dependent on the outcome of "characterisation studies".[18] The article also mentioned funding of £33.6 million being provided by government to accelerate the development of new COVID-19 vaccines by exposing human trial participants to thecoronavirus in controlled conditions around 30 days after having received a shortlisted vaccine. The work of the taskforce was bolstered by a further tranche of £19.7 million in funding for clinical trial-related blood testing facilities atPublic Health England, specifically atPHE Porton Down.[19]
On 22 October, Oxford Immunotec announced that the company had been chosen by the taskforce to be the unique supplier ofT cell testing forSARS-Cov-2. The move was underscored with a £3 million investment, as the Business Secretary,Alok Sharma, emphasised the importance of T cell diagnostic capabilities in assessing the performance of candidate vaccines within COVID-19 vaccine trials.[20]
On 27 October 2020, an article by Bingham was published inThe Lancet. It highlighted the taskforce's overall strategy of a diverse portfolio of vaccines, with an emphasis on those thought capable of achieving an immune response in the over-65s. From an initial pool of 240 potential vaccines, the taskforce selected six candidates which employ four varied methods:adenoviral vectors,mRNA,adjuvanted proteins, and wholeinactivated viral vaccines. The article also revealed that Clive Dix was the taskforce's deputy chair.[21] It was reported the following day that Bingham had warned in theLancet article that first-generation COVID-19 vaccines would probably not be perfect, and would only lessen symptoms rather than prevent infection and that they "might not work for everyone or for long".[22]
The Department of Health and Social Care set up an Antivirals Taskforce in April 2021, to identify and deploy post-infectionantiviral medicines which could be taken by people at home.[23] By September 2022, the name of the body had changed to the COVID-19 Antivirals and Therapeutics Taskforce.[24]
Currently there is work going on across government but it is not sufficiently coordinated. The taskforce will bring together government, industry, academics, funding agencies, regulators, logistics and finance to make rapid decisions to put the UK in a position to accelerate vaccine development and vaccinate the right proportion of the population as soon as possible after a vaccine is available.
Innovation Minister Lord Bethell said: "This investment into new facilities at PHE Porton Down will enable its dedicated and expert scientists to accelerate the pace and scale of specialised testing to support the critical work of the Vaccine Taskforce."
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